Ukugqoka ukungafani kwezempi
Ngomhlaka-31 Okthoba wonyaka ngamunye, izingane ezincane (nezinye izingane "ezincane-ezincane") zigqoke izingubo futhi zihamba ngomnyango ngendlu zicela abantu abangaziwayo nge-candy. Abanye balaba bantu, kokubili abancane nabade bayobe begqoke izimpendulo ze-United States Military Uniform.
Ingabe lokho kungokomthetho? Ungakwazi yini ukugqoka iRambo yakho encane ukuba ibukeke njengoMphathi Wezempi wase-United States? Kuthiwani ngeRambo yakho enkulu?
Imithetho yase-Federal ephathelene nokugqoka kweyunifomu yezempi yase-United States ngabantu abangasebenzi emsebenzini bayashicilelwa e-United States Code (USC).
Ngokuqondile, i-USC, i-Subtitle A, Ingxenye II, Isahluko 45, Izigaba 771 no-772.
Isigaba 771 sithi:
Ngaphandle kokuhlinzekwa ngenye indlela, akekho umuntu ngaphandle kwelungu leMpi, iNavy, Air Force, noma iMarine Corps, njengoba kungenzeka, angagqoka -
(1) umfaniswano, noma ingxenye ehlukile yomfaniswano, we-Army, Navy, Air Force, noma i-Marine Corps; noma
(2) umfaniswano noma iyiphi ingxenye efana nengxenye ehlukile yomfaniswano we-Army, Navy, Air Force, noma i-Marine Corps
Isigaba 772 sibhala ezinye izizathu:
(a) Ilungu le-Army National Guard noma i-Air National Guard lingase ligqoke ifenisha elibekelwe i-Army National Guard noma i-Air National Guard, njengoba kunjalo.
(b) Ilungu leMpiya yamaNege lingase ligqoke umfaniswano owenzelwe iMpial Naval.
(c) Isikhulu seMpi, iNavy, Air Force, noma i-Marine Corps singasithwala isihloko futhi sigqoke umfaniswano webanga lakhe lokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
(d) Umuntu okhishwa ngokuhloniphekile noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezihloniphekile ezivela e-Army, Navy, Air Force, noma e-Marine Corps angase agqoke umfaniswano wakhe ngenkathi ephuma endaweni yokukhishwa ekhaya, kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokukhishwa kwakhe.
(e) Umuntu ongekho emsebenzini osebenza ngokuhloniphekile ngesikhathi sokulwa e-Army, Navy, Air Force, noma eMarine Corps angathwala isihloko, futhi, uma egunyazwe yimithethonqubo enqunywe nguMongameli, agqoke umfaniswano, ibanga eliphakeme eligcinwe nguye phakathi nempi.
(f) Ngesikhathi ukuveza ilungu leMpi, i-Navy, Air Force, noma i-Marine Corps, umlingisi embukisweni wezithombe zethempeli noma ukunyakaza kungenzeka agqoke umfaniswano walowo mbutho ohlomile uma ukubonakaliswa kungeke kuhloniphe leli gunya elihlomile.
(g) Isikhulu noma ohlala emzini wezilwane olawulwa yiMnyango Wezilwane Zomphakathi angagqoka lo mfaniswano njengoba uNobhala womnyango wezempi othintekayo angase abeke.
(h) Ngenkathi ehambela inkambo yempi eyenziwa yi-Army, Navy, Air Force, noma i-Marine Corps, umuntu ongakhethi angase agqoke umfaniswano oshiwo yilowo mbutho ohlomile uma ukugqoka okunjalo kufakwe igunya ngaphansi kwemigomo ebekwe uNobhala komnyango wezempi othintekayo.
(i) Ngaphansi kwemigomo enjalo njengoba uNobhala weMpi Yomoya angase abeke umthetho, isakhamuzi sezwe langaphandle esithweswa iziqu eSikoleni Sase-Air Force singagqoka amabheji afanelekayo e-Air Force.
(j) Umuntu kunoma yiziphi izigaba ezilandelayo angase agqoke ifenisha elibekiwe kulolo hlobo:
- (1) Amalungu ama-Boy Scouts aseMelika.
- (2) Amalungu kwanoma iyiphi enye inhlangano ekhethwe uNobhala wezeminyango yezempi
Kungabonakala, emkhathini, ukuthi umthetho uhle kakhulu, kunjalo? Azikho izigaba ezingenhla ezihlanganisa i-Halloween. Noma, akunjalo?
Isigaba 772 (f) sivumela umfaniswano ukuba ugqoke ukukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo. Ingabe Ukukhohlisa Noma Ukuphatha "ukukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo?" Akekho owaziyo, ngoba ayikho inkantolo ewake yachaza lokhu. Inkantolo esiseduzane isifikile yiNkantolo Ephakeme, eyasebenzisa ukuhumusha okukhululekile "kokukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo" eS SCHACHT v.
UNITED STATES, 398 US 58 (1970). Kulokhu, inkantolo yathi:
Amacala ethu angaphambilini angabonakala ecacisa ukuthi 18 USC 702, okwenza kube yisiphambeko ukugqoka imifino yethu yempi ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, ukuma wodwa, isimiso esivumelekile ebusweni. Bheka, isib, United States v. O'Brien, 391 US 367 (1968). Kodwa ukuvinjelwa okuvamile kwe-18 USC 702 akukwazi ukuhlala yedwa ngokubheka i-USC 772, okugunyaza ukuthi ugqoke imijondolo yezempi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile nezimo ezihlanganisa isimo somdlali obonisa ilungu lezinsizakalo ezihlomile "ekukhiqizeni izakhiwo. " USC 772 (f). Ukuphikisana kukaHulumeni kulokhu kubonakala kubonisa ukuthi ngandlela-thile lokho abadlali be-amateur abakwenzile eHouston akufanele baphathwe njengendlela "yokukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo" okushiwo 772 (f). Asikwazi ukulandela leso siphakamiso. Ngokuqinisekile imikhiqizo yezingqungquthela akudingeki ibe njalo ezakhiweni noma ngisho nasezindaweni ezichazwe njengesigaba esivamile. Futhi akudingeki ukuba kwenziwe ngabalingisi bezobuchwepheshe noma kube nemali eningi noma ekhishwe ngokubanzi. Kusukela esikhathini esidlule, ukubukwa kwangaphandle kwezemidlalo, okuvame ukuqhutshwa ngabalingiswa, kuye kwadlala ingxenye ebalulekile ekuzijabuliseni nasekufundiseni abantu bezwe. Lapha, irekhodi libonisa ngaphandle kokuphikisana nokulungiselelwa kanye nokushicilelwa okuphindaphindiwe ngabalingisi be-amateur yohlu elifushane elenzelwe ukwakha izilaleli ukuqonda nokuphikiswa kokuhlanganyela kwethu empini yeVietnam. I-Supra, ku-60 nakuleli khasi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo mdlalo wawungenangqondo futhi [398 US 58, 62] ungumuntu omncane futhi mhlawumbe ungathinti, kodwa into efanayo ingashiwo ngemidlalo eminingi yezemidlalo. Asikwazi ukukholelwa ukuthi ngenkathi i-Congress ibhala ngokukhethekile okukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo kwakuhlose ukuvikela isigaba esincane nesinganiselwe semidlalo eyenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Yiqiniso, akudingeki sinqume lapha yonke imibuzo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi nokuthi yini engekho ngaphakathi kuka-772 (f). Sidinga ukuthola kuphela, njengoba sikwenza ngokucacile, ukuthi umgwaqo we-street skit lapho iSchacht ubambe iqhaza kwakuwu "ukukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo" okushiwo leso sigaba.
Ngendlela, ekwenzeni lesi sinqumo, iNkantolo Ephakeme nayo yashaya la mazwi, "uma ukuvezwa akusho ukuhlambalaza leli gunya elihlomile," kusukela emthethweni njengokungahambisani nomthethosisekelo. Inkantolo yathi:
Lokhu kusilethela isikhalazo somfakisicelo ukuthi ukunikeza amandla kanye nomphumela esigatshaneni sokugcina se-772 (f) sizobeka ukungahambisani nomthethosisekelo ngakwesokunene senkulumo yamahhala. Siyavuma. Lesi sigatshana ebusweni bayo simane sigweme ukugunyazwa okungu - 772 (f) kulabo abakuvelele "abangafuni ukuhlambalaza" impi, kodwa, uma lo mkhawulo ufundwa kanye no-18 USC 702, kuyacaca ukuthi iCongress inomphumela okwenze kube yicala lomdlali onjengeyunifomu yezempi ukusho izinto ngenkathi esebenza ngokugxeka ukuziphatha noma izinqubomgomo ezingu- [398 US 58, 63] ze-Armed Forces. Umlingisi, njengabo bonke abanye ezweni lethu, ujabulela ilungelo lomthethosisekelo wenkululeko yokukhuluma, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokusola uhulumeni ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuphawulekayo. Isigatshana sokugcina se-772 (f) siphika leli lungelo lomthethosisekelo kumdlali wegqoke umfaniswano wezempi ngokwenza kube yicala kuye ukusho izinto ezenza ukuba amasosha ahlasele futhi aphikise. Esimweni samanje uSchacht wayekhululekile ukuba ahlanganyele kunoma iyiphi i-skit ekuboniseni ukuthi udumisa i-Army, kodwa ngaphansi kwesigatshana sokugcina sika-772 (f) angasolwa enecala uma ukubonakala kwakhe kuhlasela i-Army esikhundleni sokudumisa. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwethu kwangaphambili ukuthi i-skit lapho uSchacht ayebambe iqhaza kwakuyi "ukukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo" okushiwo 772 (f), kulandela ukuthi ukukholelwa kwakhe kungagcinwa kuphela uma ekwazi ukujeziswa ngokukhuluma ngokumelene nendima yethu Ibutho nezwe lethu eVietnam. Isijeziso esicacile ngalesi sizathu kungaba ukungaqhathaniswa komthethosisekelo wenkululeko yokukhuluma. Isigaba sokugcina se-772 (f), esishiya abaseMelika ithuba lokudumisa impi eVietnam kodwa angathumela abantu abanjengoSchacht ejele ngenxa yokuphikisa, abakwazi ukuhlala ezweni elinesiLungiso sokuQala. Ukuze kugcinwe umthethosisekelo we-772 (f) lesi sigatshana sokugcina kufanele sishaywe esigabeni.
Ngakho-ke, eNkantolo Ephakeme Yenkantolo Ephakeme, inkantolo ichaza "ukukhiqizwa kwezemidlalo" ngokukhululekile, futhi yabonakala ngokungavumelani noMthethosisekelo ukuthi ukukhonjiswa akuhlose ukuhlambalaza amasosha.
Ngakho-ke, akuvumelekile yini ukuba ingane yakho igqoke njenge-Air Force iphoyisa lika-Halloween? Akuqinisekile ngokuqinisekile, kodwa cishe akunjalo.
Uhluke emthethweni wezobuchwepheshe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubaluleke ngempela noma cha. Uma ingane yakho igqoke imfashini, ingabe lokho kungabangela ukuboshwa nokushushiswa? Ngokuqinisekile akunjalo. Ngaphansi kwesimiso sethu sezomthetho, abameli besigodi banikezwe ububanzi obuningi bokuthi yiziphi ukwephulwa komthetho ukuzingela nokuthi yiziphi ongazinaki.
I-Sodomy isasemthethweni emazweni amaningi. Kodwa, ngaphandle uma kunezimo ezikhethekile ezihilelekile, uzobe unzima kakhulu ukuthola i-DA engashushisa leli cala.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwakukhona uhlobo olunomunyu obunomunyu ohlala endaweni yethu, umkhuba wakhe owawukuthi (ngokuzwakalayo) ugxeke impi. Noma kunini lapho ubungambona khona, noma yikuphi umsebenzi, noma umcimbi (noma, ukuhamba nje), uzobe echitha imfundiso yokulwa nempi kunoma ubani owayengumuntu oyisiphukuphuku ngokwanele ukuma isikhashana ngokwanele ukulalela. Njengoba lokhu kwakusemadolobheni lapho iningi labantu lalingumsebenzi osebenzayo noma amasosha asetshenziselwa umhlalaphansi, ungacabanga ukuthi wayengathandwa kakhulu emphakathini.
Ngolunye usuku, waqala ukugqoka iJacky Field Jacket eyayiyitholile esitolo sesitolo sabasosha. Le jacket yayinezo zonke izihlobiso, kuhlanganise ne-"US Army" tape, amabheji wunithi, i- "Ranger Tab," kanye nesibalo seBasebenzi Sergeant. Ngokusobala, lokhu akuzange kuhlelwe ngamalungu amaningana omphakathi.
Sithintana nomnyango wamaphoyisa, futhi sahamba saze sanyathelisa 10 USC, Izigaba 771 no-772 kubo. Amaphoyisa ahlangana nommeli wesifunda sendawo, wabe esitshela ukuthi ihhovisi le-DA alinaso isithakazelo sokushushisa leli cala. Ngakho-ke, iminyango yamaphoyisa yayingenaso isithakazelo sokubopha lowo muntu, noma yamtshela ngobugebengu.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngangisebenza inkampani ye-intanethi ye-computer (CompuServe), njengengxenye yeqembu labo le-inthanethi. Sasihlale nomsebenzisi lapho esho ukuthi wayengumphathi we-O-6 (umphathi) we-Navy Test Pilot. Lo muntu ubevele ebonise kwiZenzakalo Eziningi Zengxoxo, egqoke umfaniswano we-Naval Officer. Ngamhlangabeza (kabili), futhi ngangingenaso isizathu sokungabaza. Wayenolwazi olubanzi lweNavy, futhi wakhuluma ulimi cishe cishe.
Cabanga ngimangala lapho ngithola ukuthi lo muntu wayengekho emkhunjini weNavy - empeleni, wayengumakhelwane waseCanada (e-US ngokungemthetho), futhi wayengakaze akhonze e-United States Military. Lapho ebanjwa (ngesenzo sokugqoka umfaniswano, ekufakweni kwe-Naval), washushiswa (futhi wanikezwa isigwebo sejele) ngokuphulwa kwe-USC 771.
Esimweni sokuqala, umshushisi wayengenaso isithakazelo ekuphishekeleni amacala obugebengu. Esimeni lesibili, umshushisi wayejabule kakhulu ukuphishekela leli cala ngokulingana nomthetho.
Kodwa, kuthiwani ngamasevisi ezempi? Ingabe bayakhathalela uma izakhamizi zigqoka i-uniform noma izingxenye zomfaniswano, futhi zingase zizimisele yini ukuphoqa i-DA ukuba ishushise? Kubonakala kunjalo. Ezinye zezinsizakalo ziye zahamba ukuze zifake imikhawulo emigqokweni yabo yokugqoka nokubukeka (okungenakuphoqelelwa ngokumelene nezizwe, kodwa kufaka ukukhombisa umbono womsebenzi ngale ndaba).
Umthetho Wezempi 670-1, isigaba 1-4 sithi:
d. Ngokuhambisana nesahluko 45, isigaba 771, isihloko se-10, i-United States Code (10 USC 771), akekho umuntu ngaphandle kwelungu le-US Army engase agqoke umfaniswano, noma ingxenye ehlukile yomfaniswano we-US Army ngaphandle uma egunyazwe ngenye indlela umthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho umuntu ngaphandle kwelungu le-US Army engase agqoke ifenifomu, noma yikuphi ingxenye efana nengxenye ehlukile yefanomu yase-US Army. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imifino ehlukile kanye nezinto ezifanisiwe ezivezwe esigabeni 1-12 salomthethonqubo. Isigaba 1-12 siyaqhubeka sichaza "Imifino ehlukile kanye nezinto ezifanayo:"
a. Izinto ezilandelayo ezifanayo zihlukile futhi ngeke zithengiswe noma zigqoke ngabasebenzi abangagunyaziwe:
- (1) Yonke inhloko yezempi, lapho igqoke insignia.
- (2) amabheji namathebhu (ukuhlonza, ukukhishwa kwamamaki, ukulwa, namakhono akhethekile).
- (3) Izinkinobho ezifanayo (US Army noma Corps of Engineers).
- (4) Imihlobiso, izindleko zenkonzo, izinsizakalo nokuqeqeshwa, kanye neminye imiklomelo kanye nezibopho zabo.
- (5) Insignia yimuphi umklamo noma umbala ukuthi i-Army yamukele.
Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-Army ngeke ijabule kakhulu uma izwa ukuthi umuntu omphakathi wayegqoke enye yezinto ezibalwe ngenhla.
Ngakho-ke, ingane yakho (enkulu noma encane) izoboshwa futhi ithunyelwe ejele ngokugqoka umfaniswano wezempi eHalloween? Hlala kude nezinto "ezihlukile" ezinjenge-insignia, amabheji, namathebhu, futhi ngizokugembula izikhwama ezintathu ze-candy e-left-over e-Halloween ukuze impendulo ibe "cha."