Njengamanje, isitifiketi sama- paralegals yinkqubo yokuzithandela; akukho ukuhlolwa okugunyaziwe kwabasizi bezomthetho abakhona e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwesitifiketi kuye kwaba yinto enesithakazelo esikhulu kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule phakathi kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zebha, kanye nezifundazwe zombuso.
Isitifiketi somthethosisekelo sibonisa abaqashi ukuzibophezela emisebenzini nasekusebenzeni kwamakhono athile nolwazi oludingekayo ensimini. Amakhono nolwazi oluhlolwe yiziqinisekiso zokufaka izitifiketi zihlanganisa ulwazi oluphambili lwezinqubo zomthetho, ukuziphatha, nomthetho obalulekile kanye nokucwaninga, ukuxhumana nokubhala amakhono.
Abaningi bama-paralegals bathola izikhundla zezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kokuthola ulwazi lweminyaka embalwa ensimini. Nakuba isitifiketi akuyona into ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komthetho , kungase kuthuthukise ukwethembeka kwakho kobuchwepheshe, amathuba okuqashwa, kanye nokukwazi ukuthola imali.
Ngezansi ukuhlolisisa kwezitifiketi eziningana ezijwayelekile zomthetho.
I-National Association of Assistants Legal
Umzimba okhishwayo: I-National Association of Legal Assistants, Inc. (NALA), eyakhelwe e-Tulsa, Oklahoma, yaqala ukuxhasa ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi (Umsizi Wezomthetho Oqinisekisiwe) ngo-1976. I-NALA inikeza nokuhlolwa okukhethekile okuphambili.
Ukuqokwa: Umsizi Wezomthetho Oqinisekisiwe (CLA) noma i-Certified Paralegal (CP). Abaphathi bamaPhalamende angaphezu kuka-12 000 baye bathola ukusetshenziswa kwalolu dumo lobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2004, i-NALA ibhalise uphawu "CP" kulabo abakhetha ukusebenzisa igama elithi "paralegal" esikhundleni sokuba "umsizi womthetho."
Izidingo zokufaneleka: Ukuze uvumeleke ukuhlolwa kwe-CLA / CP, umsizi wezomthetho kumele ahlangabezane nesinye sezidingo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuphothula iziqu kusuka ohlelweni lomsizi lomthetho oluwukuthi:
- Kuvunywe yi-American Bar Association; noma
- Uhlelo lwe-associate degree; noma
- Uhlelo lwesitifiketi se-post-baccalaureate kwizifundo zomsizi zomthetho; noma
- Uhlelo lwe-bachelor's degree kwizifundo zomsizi zomthetho; noma
- Uhlelo lomsizi olungumthetho oluqukethe amahora angu-60 we-semester (amahora angu-900 amahora noma amahora angu-90 amahora) okungenani amaminithi angu-15 e-semester (amahora angu-225 amahora noma amahora angu-22,5 amahora) afaka izifundo zomthetho.
2. I-degree ye-bachelor kunoma iyiphi insimu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komnyaka owodwa njengomsizi wezomthetho. Ukugcwaliseka ngempumelelo kwamahora angu-15 e-semester (noma amahora angu-22.5 amahora noma ama-clock amahora angu-225) wezifundo zomsizi ezisemthethweni kuzobhekwa njengokulingana nesipiliyoni sonyaka owodwa njengomsizi wezomthetho.
3. Idiploma yesikole esiphakeme noma okulinganayo kanye nesipiliyoni seminyaka eyisikhombisa (7) njengomsizi wezomthetho ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwelungu leBar, kanye nobufakazi bokungenani amahora angama-20 (20) wokuqhubeka nomsebenzi wezemfundo wezomthetho ukuthi ugcwaliswe ngaphakathi iminyaka emibili (2) ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlola.
Ukuhlolwa. Uhlolo lwe-CLA / CP luhlolo lwezinsuku ezimbili olunzulu olusekelwe emthethweni kanye nenqubo yomthetho. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa ziyizokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, ukucwaninga ngezomthetho, ubudlelwane bomuntu kanye nezinqubo zokuxoxisana, ukulungiswa nokuhlaziywa kwamagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamagama. Isigaba somthetho esilandelayo sinamaminithi amahlanu amaminithi ahlanganisa i-American Legal System kanye nezindawo ezine zomthetho obalulekile njengoba kukhethwe ngabahloli.
I-National Federation yama-Paralegal Associations
Umzimba okhishwayo: I-National Federation of Paralegal Associations, Inc. (NFPA) inikeza ukuhlolwa kweParalegal Advanced Competency (PACE).
Ukuqokwa: "PACE - Paralegal Registered" noma "RP"
Izidingo zokufaneleka:
- I-associate degree ekufundzeni kwephalamende etfolakala esikolweni lesivunyelwe esikhungweni, kanye / nobe le-ABA lenchubomgomo yemfundvo levunyiwe ; kanye nesithupha seminyaka eyisithupha (6); OK
- I-bachelor's degree kunoma yisiphi isifundo sokutadisha esitholakala esikoleni esivunyelwe esikhungweni kanye neminyaka emithathu (3) yokuthola isipiliyoni somthetho; OK
- I-bachelor degree kanye nokuqedwa kohlelo lomthethosisekelo esikoleni esikwamukelekile esikhungweni, kusho uhlelo lokulawulwa kwezikhalazo oluhlelwe esikoleni esiphakeme; kanye nesipiliyoni seminyaka emibili (2) esilandelayo; OK
- Iminyaka emine (4) iminyaka engama-36 efaka isicelo se-lawyer noma ngaphambi kukaDisemba 31, 2000.
Ukuhlolwa: I-Paralegal Competency Examination (PACE) ukuhlolwa okuphakathi kwamabili. I-Tier Ngibheka izinkinga zomthetho jikelele kanye nokuziphatha. Njengoba kunesidingo, isigaba semithetho eqondene nombuso singase sithuthukiswe. I-Tier II ikhuluma ngezigaba ezikhethekile.
I-National Association for Legal Professionals (NALS)
Umzimba okhishwayo : I-NALS (eyayaziwa ngokuthi iNational Association for Legal Secretaries), inikeza izitifiketi ezintathu: i-ALS (isitifiketi sayo esiyisisekelo), i-PP (yama-paralegals) kanye ne-PLS (isitifiketi esiphambili).
Imiklamo: ALS, PP, ne-PLS
Izidingo zokufaneleka:
I-ALS - Ukuze ufanelekile ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-ALS, kumelwe ukuthi ugcwalise okukodwa kokulandelayo:
- inkambo yebhizinisi / yezomthetho evunyelwe,
- I-NALS Training Course Course, noma
- unyaka owodwa wokuhlangenwe nakho kwehhovisi jikelele.
I-PP - Ukuhlala ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa isitifiketi se-PP, ummeli we-non-degreed kumele abe neminyaka emihlanu yokwenza umsebenzi we-lawyer / wezomthetho umsizi. Umqondisi wezemfundo ophethe i-post-secondary degree, esinye isitifiketi noma isitifiketi se-paralegal kumele abe nolwazi lweminyaka emine kuphela, kanti umfundi ophethe idijithali elidingekayo kufanele abe neminyaka emithathu kuphela.
I-PLS - Noma yimuphi umuntu oneminyaka engu-3 ubudala okuhlangenwe nakho kwenkambu yomthetho angathatha ukuhlolwa. Ubulungu ku-NALS akuyona imfuneko. Ukuhoxiswa okuyingxenye yemfuneko yesigwebo seminyaka emithathu yomthetho kunganikezwa amadiresi ase-secondary-secondary, ukugcwaliswa ngempumelelo kokuhlolwa kwe-ALS noma ezinye izitifiketi. I-waiver esiphezulu unyaka owodwa.
Ukuhlolwa:
I-ALS - I-ALS inguhlolo oluyingxenye e-3 oluhlanganisa ukuxhumana okulotshiwe; izinqubo zehhovisi nolwazi lwezomthetho; kanye nobuhlobo bomuntu nokwahlulela.
I-PP - Ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-PP kulawulwa ngezigaba ezine futhi kubandakanya ukuxhumana okulotshiwe, ulwazi lwezomthetho namakhono, ukuziphatha kanye namakhono okugwetshwa kanye nomthetho obalulekile. Abafakizicelo bangase bathathe noma yiziphi izingxenye ezihlulekile zokuhlolwa.
Ukuvuselelwa kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kepha kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuqoqwa kwamahora asemthethweni wezemfundo nemisebenzi
I-PLS - Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLS kuhlolwe usuku olulodwa, okuyizinxenye ezine ezihlolwe kanje: Ingxenye 1 - Ukuxhumana okubhalwayo, Ingxenye 2: Izinqubo zeHhovisi kanye neTheknoloji, Ingxenye 3: Ukuziphatha kanye nokwahlulela kanye nengxenye 4: Ulwazi lwezomthetho kanye namakhono .
I-American Alliance of Pelalegals
Umzimba okhishwayo: I-American Alliance of Paralegals, Inc. (AAPI)
Ukuqokwa: AACP
Izidingo zokufaneleka: Wonke ummeli wezomthetho ofuna isitifiketi se-American Alliance kumele abe neminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu (5) yesipiliyoni se-paralegal futhi ahlangabezane nesinye (1) salezi zigaba ezintathu (3) ezilandelayo zokufundisa:
(a) Isiqu se-Bachelor noma i-Advanced degree kunoma yisiphi isiyalo esivela esikhungweni esivunyelwe; noma
(b) I-Degree edidiyelwe ezifundweni zomthethosisekelo ezivela ohlelweni olugunyaziwe lwe-ABA noma uhlelo oluyilungu leziko lokuvota le-American Association for Education Paralegal; noma
(c) Isitifiketi esivela ohlelweni lwe-ABA olugunyaziwe noma uhlelo oluyilungu leziko lokuvota le-American Association for Education Paralegal.
Ukufakazela ukuthi ugcwalisa izidingo zokufaneleka, i-AAPI idinga ukuthi abakhokhethi bayithumele, kanye nemali yokucubungula, ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yokubhalisa okusemthethweni kwezemfundo kanye ne-afidavithi noma isimemezelo esivela kummeli obonisa isipiliyoni somsebenzi wakho.
Ukuhlolwa: Akukho
Ukulondolozwa / Ukuvuselela: Ukuze ugcine isitifiketi se-American Alliance, wonke ama-AACP azovuselela isimo sakhe sesitifiketi njalo eminyakeni emibili (2) futhi agcwalise amahora ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye (18) wokuqhubeka nemfundo yezomthetho ("CLE"), amabili (2) amahora ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye (18) abe nokuziphatha. Ubufakazi bokuqedwa kwe-CLE edingekayo kanye nemali yokuvuselela iminyaka emibili ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kuyothunyelwa kuKhomishini. Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, i-AACP kumele isetshenziswe njengomphalamende.