I-Napalm Isasebenza Njengesikhali

Inguqulo yamanje yesikhali esivuthayo isasetshenziswa

Isiketshezi esivuthayo esasetshenziswa empini, i-napalm isetshenziswe yi-United States kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II. I-US yayiyizwe lokuqala lokusebenzisa i-napalm empini, futhi ingomunye wabambalwa abasayisebenzisa ngokumelene nezinhloso zezitha.

I-Napalm ithola igama layo kusuka kwamakhemikhali amabili abalulekile ekubunjweni kwayo: i-naphthenic acid ne-aciditic acid. Iyanamathela esikhumbeni futhi kubangele ukushisa okumbi ngenxa yezisulu zalo, ikakhulukazi uma ithola umlilo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-napalm ngokumelene nokubhekiswe komphakathi kwakudedelwa yi-United Nations Convention ngeziNqobo ezithile eziPhakathi ngo-1980, kodwa i-US iyaqhubeka ukuyisebenzisa njengesikhali sokulwa nezinjongo zempi

Umlando nesimo sangasese se-Napalm

Isazi samakhemikhali saseHarvard University uLouis Fieser sathuthuka nge-napalm ngo-1942. Sasiqala ukusetshenziswa yi-US ngokumelene neJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ukushisa izakhiwo futhi njengesikhali sokulwa nabasebenzi (okusho ukuthi sisetshenziswe kubantu). I-US yaqhubeka isebenzisa i-napalm phakathi nezimpi zaseKorea naseVietnam, kube nomthelela omubi. Isithombe esidumile seVietnam War "I-Napalm Girl" sibonisa iqembu lezingane ezikhalayo ezibalekela ukuhlaselwa kwe-napalm lapho abaningi babo bebhekene nokushisa okukhulu.

Nakuba kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile kunasekudlule, i-napalm isasetshenziswa yizempi yase-US empini yokulwa.

Ukwakhiwa okusha kweNapalm B

I-napalm yanamuhla iyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Napalm B." Ihluke ngokungafani ne-napalm esetshenziswa eVietnam naseMpi Yezwe II.

I-Napalm B yenziwe ngamakhemikhali ahlukene kune-napalm yangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwezici zayo ezahlukene, iNapalm B ivame ukubizwa ngabasebenzi bezempi nje ngokuthi "napalm."

I-Napalm B ngokuvamile iqukethe i-plastic polystyrene ne-hydrocarbon benzene. Lezi zinhlanganisela zihlanganisa ukwakha uphethiloli we-jellied, okuvutha kakhulu nokushisa uma ushiswe.

I-Napalm B ilula kakhulu ukulawula nokuphatha uma ishaywa kunezinhlobo zangaphambilini ze-napalm - okwakungenakuvutha kakhulu ukuthi ngokuvamile kubanjwe umlilo lapho amasosha egwaya ugwayi eduze kwawo.

I-Napalm B ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Super Napalm" njengoba ishisa isikhathi eside kunezinguqulo zakudala ze-agent. Ingashisa isikhathi eside imizuzu engu-10, kanti izinguquko ezindala ze-napalm ngokuvamile zishisa imizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-30.

I-Napalm njengesikhali esiyingozi

I-Napalm B iyaziwa ngokuthi "isikhali esivuthayo" njengoba ingabangela umlilo, ukuqhuma nokushisa okukhulu. Kungabangela futhi ukuphefumula kubantu abaseduze nephoyinti lokuthunjwa, kanye nemimoya eye yafika ngamamayela angu-70 ngehora. I-Napalm iyingqayizivele yokuthi ihlale ibambelela esikhumbeni sabantu futhi kunzima ukususa ngisho nalapho ivutha.

I-Napalm B isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa izikhundla zesitha ezifana ne-bunkers, foxholes, imifino kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukukhishwa kwesinye seNapalm B kusuka eqenjini elincane lempi lingabhubhisa indawo engamamitha ayizi-2 500 square. Futhi naphezu kokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwayo ngokumelene nabantu, umthetho wamazwe omhlaba awuvimbeli ukusetshenziswa kwe-napalm ngokumelene nezinhloso zempi.