Imfundo, Ilayisense kanye Nezinye Iziqu
Abanjiniyela basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngemigomo yesayensi nesayensi ukuxazulula izinkinga zobuchwepheshe. Basebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqeqesha okubandakanya ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, yemvelo, yamakhemikhali, yomshini , kagesi kanye ne-petroleum. Ingabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungaba kanjani injini? Funda mayelana nezidingo zemfundo nokuthi ungene kanjani ohlelweni lwezobunjiniyela ekolishi. Bona okuzokwenza uma usuqedile futhi uthole ukuthi yini abaqashi abayifunayo lapho beqasha imisebenzi yezinga lokungena.
01 Ingabe Unayo Okudingekayo Ukuba Injiniya?
Ngaphezu kokuthola isizinda esinamandla kwisayensi kanye nezibalo, amakhono athile athambile azokuvumela ukuba uphumelele kulo msebenzi. Isibonelo, udinga ukuba ngumxazululi omuhle wezinkinga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ukwazi ukubona izinkinga bese ufika nezixazululo ezikhona kuzo. Amakhono okucabangela okucabangelayo azokuvumela ukuba uhlole isisombululo ngasinye ukuthola ukuthi ubani onethuba elihle lokusebenza. Kumele futhi ukwazi ukusebenza eqenjini, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nozakwabo. Kufanele ube umlaleli omuhle kanye nesiphakamiso kanye.
02 Imfundo Edingekayo
Uma ufuna ukuba injini kumele uthole i-bachelor degree kusuka ohlelweni lwezobunjiniyela, okuyinhloko egatsheni ofuna ukusebenzela kulo. Uma kuziwa ekunqumeni ukuthi uzofunda kuphi, ungakhetha uhlelo oluqinisekisiwe noma olungavumelekile, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvumelana nokukhetha okuvunyelwe. Ukuba negama lisho ukuthi uhlelo luhlangabezana namazinga athile. Cishe uzodinga idijithi kusuka ohlelweni olugunyaziwe ukuze uthole ilayisense futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqashi abaningi bakhetha ukuqasha abaphothule kulezo zinhlelo. Izinhlelo ze-ABET zemvume yobunjiniyela e-United States. Izinhlangano ezihlukene zinomthwalo wemfanelo kwamanye amazwe. I-TryEngineering.org, iwebhusayithi ehlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nemfundo yezobunjiniyela kanye nemisebenzi, inesidingo esiseshekayo sezinhlelo ezigunyaziwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Imfundo yekholeji iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi igatsha lobunjiniyela olikhethayo. Ngaphandle kwamakilasi akho obuchwepheshe, kufanele ulindele ukuthatha izifundo zesayensi nezibalo eziphambili. Kuzodingeka ugcwalise izidingo zemfundo jikelele noma izidingo zekhariji yakho ngokuthatha isiNgisi, abantu kanye nesigaba sezesayensi yezenhlalakahle.
Nasi isampula yezifundo ezibalwe phakathi kwezidingo zezinhlelo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe:
- Izinto zokwakha ubuchwepheshe
- I-Geometry ye-Analytical ne-Calculus
- Design Design and Circuits Digital
- I-Laboratory Mechanical Engineering
- Ubuchwepheshe beMathematika
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezinqumo
- Ukuhlaziywa Kwengozi kanye Nengozi Yezinjini
- I-General Chemistry
- I-General Physics
- Ukubunjwa kwe-English
- Umlando waseMelika
- Isingeniso ku-Psychology
- Isingeniso ku-Sociology
03 Ukungena Esikhathini Sezobunjiniyela
Izidingo zokungenisa kanye nezinqubo ziyahlukahluka ekolishi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole izikhungo ofuna ukuzenza ukuze ufunde ngezinqubomgomo zabo. Ngokujwayelekile, kuzodingeka ugcwalise uhlelo lokusebenza jikelele futhi uthathe ukuhlolwa okuvunyelwe okuvunyelwe ukufaka izicelo njenge-SAT noma ACT. Abafakizicelo bezinhlelo zobunjiniyela ngezinye izikhathi kufanele basebenzise ngqo kulezo zinhlelo noma ngisho nasesifundweni esithile futhi bavame ukuhlangabezana neziqu ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi bathole izikole ezithile kumkhakha wezibalo ze-ACT noma i-SAT, bathathe ukuhlolwa kwesifundo se-SAT kumathekisthi kanye nesayensi futhi baqedile amakilasi aphezulu esikoleni esiphakeme.
Abafundi abafuna ukudluliselwa ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe ezivela kwamanye amakolishi noma ngisho nasesikoleni esifanayo bazoba nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe ukuze bagxume. Lezo zidingo nazo zihlukile esikoleni. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uphenye kahle ngaphambi kokuba uqale inqubo.
04 Okumele Uyenze Ngemva Kwenu Uqeqeshwe Kwenqubo Yezobunjiniyela
Abanjiniyela abanikela ngemisebenzi yabo ngqo emphakathini badinga ilayisensi ukwenza kanjalo. Uma usulayisensi, kuthiwa yi-Professional Engineers (PEs). E-US, izifunda zomuntu ngamunye nesifunda sase-Columbia zikhishwa la malayisense. Ungafunda izidingo ezithile zokulayisense ezweni ofuna ukusebenzela ngokusebenzisa iLayisensi Yokusebenza Yelayisensi evela ku-CareerOneStop kodwa ngokuvamile konke kudinga ukuthi umuntu uphumelele ohlelweni oluqinisekisiwe, uneminyaka emine yokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi futhi udlulisele izivivinyo ezilawulwayo nguMkhandlu kaZwelonke woBuhloli bezobunjiniyela nokuPhenya. Uma uthuthela kwelinye izwe noma ufuna ukuzisebenzisa emazweni amaningi, kufanele ufake isicelo selayisensi ngayinye. Ngenhlanhla, njengoba ukuhlolwa kuzwelonke, ngeke kudingeke uphinde uphinde uphinde uyithathe!
Izinyathelo Ezijwayelekile Zokuthola Imvume Yezinqununu Zama-Engineering Aqinisekisiwe E-US
- Isinyathelo soku-1: Thatha i-FE (Imisebenzi Yobunjiniyela) Isivivinyo, ukuhlolwa kwehora lesishiyagalombili, emva kokuphothula iziqu ohlelweni lobunjiniyela olugunyaziwe.
- Isinyathelo sesibili: Uma udlulisa ukuhlolwa, sebenza njengenjini-in-training noma injini ngaphakathi ukuze uthole iminyaka emine yokusebenza emsebenzini, njengoba kudingeke ukugunyazwa okugcwele.
- Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thatha i-PE (Professional Engineer) Exam ngesiyalo sakho. Lena ukuhlolwa kwehora lesishiyagalombili.
05 Ukuthola Umsebenzi Wakho Wezobunjiniyela Wokuqala
Funda ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo abaqashi bezinjini abafuna zona. Nazi izincazelo ezivezwe ememezweni yomsebenzi ezitholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene:
- "Amakhono enhlangano enamandla nokuphatha isikhathi."
- "Ikhono lokusebenza ngokuzimela kanye nengxenye yeqembu."
- "Ukuhlola ngokucophelela, ukukhomba, nokusebenzisa imikhuba emihle ye-Quality Quality Engineering."
- "Sebenzisana nabaphathi ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza ngokuqondile emsebenzini."