Uhlelo lwe-Heart and Vascular System
Kukhona ukungavumeleki okusobala kwezempi uma kuziwa kwenye yezingxenye ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni: ubuchopho nenhliziyo. Izinkinga zenhliziyo engazizwa ziye zaholela amalungu ezempi ekuqeqesheni lapho ecindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Izimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezifanelekile ezilandelayo zibhalwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumuntu okhonzayo noma eminye imilando yezokwelapha ezidinga kakhulu izinhliziyo ezifanayo namakhono ezinsilinga ukuze bakwazi ukwenza emazingeni athile okusebenza.
Inhliziyo
Inhliziyo yomuntu ibukhulu besibani somuntu futhi iqhumpa i-oksijeni negazi elinomsoco kulo lonke umzimba ukuze liqhubeke nokuphila. Noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kulekhono kuzosithinta ngokujulile ikhono lomuntu wezempi lokukhuthazelela isenzakalo esibucayi noma esicindezelayo. Inhliziyo ishaya izikhathi ezingu-100 000 ngosuku, ukushaya amanzi amahlanu noma amathandathu ayisithupha ngomzuzu ngamunye, noma ama-2 000 amalitha ngosuku. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamisa okungaholela ekuhlulekeni ukusebenza kule nqanaba kanye nezimbangela zokwenqatshelwa ukuqokwa, ukubhaliswa, nokufakwa (ngaphandle kwemvume evunyelwe) zibalwe ngezansi:
Umsebenzi we-Heart Valve noma izifo
Okwamanje noma umlando wazo zonke izifo zenhliziyo ze-valvular, ezitholakalayo noma ezitholakalayo, kufaka phakathi lezo ezithuthukiswa ngokuhlinzwa, ziyakwenqabela. I-Mitral valve ihamba noma i-bicuspid valve i-valor ayikufaneleki ngaphandle uma kunezinga eliphakeme elingenasimo senhliziyo (tachyarrhythmia), umsebenzi we-valve ongavumelekile (ukuphindaphinda kwe-valve valve), ukunciphisa umthambo (aortic stenosis), ukungakwazi ukusebenza, noma ukwandisa kwenhliziyo (i-cardiomagaly ).
Isifo samanje senhliziyo noma umlando we-coronary ishicilelwa.
Okwamanje noma umlando we-symptomatic heart beat beat rhythm (arrhythmia) noma ubufakazi be-electrocardiographic ye-arrhythmia.
Okwamanje noma umlando wezinga eliphezulu lenhliziyo eliphakeme, noma noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile (i-arrhythmia) evela ku-node ye-atrium noma ye-sinoatrial, njenge-flutter ye-atrial, kanye ne-fibrillation ye-atrial, ngaphandle uma kungabikho ukuphindaphinda phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule ngenkathi yonke imithi iphuma, kungafanelekile.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezingenasifo esidlangalaleni noma ezingenasidlangalaleni eziyimpawu ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ukuze zidinga ukwelashwa, noma zibangele ukukhubazeka okungokwenyama noma kwengqondo, azivumelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando we-ventricular arrhythmias, kuhlanganise ne-fibrication ye-ventricular, i-tachycardia, noma imithi yokuvimbela izakhi zangaphambi kwesikhathi, ingavumelekile. Izindlela zokuvimbela izitho zangasese zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezingenasifo azivumelanisi.
Okwamanje noma umlando we-ventricular conduction disorders, kufaka phakathi, kodwa hhayi kuphela ekuhluphekeni kwesigatshana segatsha lesobunxele, i-Mobitz uhlobo lwe-second degree degree atrioventricular (AV) block, kanye ne-third degree degree AV kanye ne-Lown-Ganong-Levine-Syndrome ehambisana ne-arrhythmia ukungafanelekile. Okwamanje noma umlando we-Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, ngaphandle uma ichitshiyelwe ngempumelelo isikhathi seminyaka emibili ngaphandle kokuphindaphindiwe kwesigamu futhi manje ene-electrocardiogram evamile, ayakufaneleki.
Okwamanje noma umlando wokuphazanyiswa okuqhutshwayo okufana nesibalo sokuqala se-AV, ukushiya kwesibindi esingaphakathi kwesibhamu, isikhwama segatsha esifanele kwesigatshana, noma uhlobo lwe-Mobitz I-secondary degree AV block alufaneleki uma kunesifo noma kuhlotshaniswa nezifo zesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuzizwa komzimba kwamanje, ukuxoshwa noma ukuxilonga kwenhliziyo akufanelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando wokungajwayelekile komzimba we-muscle (cardiomyopathy), okufaka ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo (myocarditis), noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yokugcoba, akufanelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando wokuvuvukala nokucasula kwe-pericardium, isikhumba esincane esingumzimba oseduze nenhliziyo yakho (i-pericarditis), ngaphandle uma umuntu engenazo zonke izimpawu iminyaka emibili, futhi engenayo ubufakazi bokuvimbela inhliziyo noma ukuphikisana komzimba okuqhubekayo, akufanelekile.
I-tachycardia eqhubekayo yamanje (ukuphumula izinga lokushaya kwezingu-100 ngomzuzu noma ngaphezulu) kungafanelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando wezinkinga ezingenasifo senhliziyo nezitsha ezinkulu, ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwe-patent ductus arteriosus, azifanelekile.
Uhlelo lwe-Vascular
Okwamanje noma umlando wezinto ezingavamile ze-arteries nemithambo yegazi, kufaka phakathi, kodwa kungagcini ku-aneurysms, atherosclerosis, noma i-arteritis, ayakufaneleki.
Okwamanje noma umlando wesifo se-hypertensive vascular disqualifying. Ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi echazwe ngokuthi isilinganiso sesilinganiso esilandelayo sezingcindezi zegazi ezihlukaniswe okungenani imizuzu engu-10, i-diastolic enkulu kune-90 mmHg noma izilinganiso ezintathu zokucindezela kwe-systolic ezingaphezu kuka 140 mmHg.
Umlando we-pulmonary or embolization isistimu awufanelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando wezifo ze-vascular dispersion, kubandakanya, kodwa hhayi kuphela ezifweni ezinjengezifo zikaRaynaud lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjelwe noma kwehliselwa kumadijithi okwenza ukuchithwa okucacile kungafanelekile.
Okwamanje noma umlando wezifo ezinobuthi, okufaka phakathi kodwa ezingagcini, izinkinga ezivame ukuvuvukala ezenza amaqabunga egazi akha futhi avimbele imivimbo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile emilenzeni yakho (thrombophlebitis). I-Thrombophlebitis ngonyaka owandulele, noma noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokungaqondi kahle kwemvelo, njenge-varicose veins enkulu, noma i-symptomatic veicose ulceration, ayivumelekile.
Isiqondiso seMnyango Wezokuvikela (DOD) 6130.3, "Izindinganiso Zomzimba Zokuqokwa, Ukubhaliswa, Nokukhishwa Kwezimali," kanye ne-DOD Imfundo 6130.4, "Imigomo Nezinqubo Zokusebenza Kwezimiso Zomzimba Zokuqokwa, Ukubhaliswa, noma Ukukhishwa Kwezimpi Ezihlomile. "