Yazi Ukwakhiwa Nezinkampani Zendiza
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nezinxenye zezindiza zichazwe ngezansi, kufaka phakathi i-fuselage, amaphiko, i-stabilizer enezingqimba, nokufakelwa amandla, kanye nezinto zokwakha kanye nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo.
I-Fuselage
I-fuselage iyinxenye eyinhloko yendiza, ephakathi nendawo kuyo yonke indiza. Yindawo lapho abagibeli kanye nemithwalo imithwa khona futhi ingxenye yendiza lapho amaphiko namaphoyinti afakwe khona.
Ngokuyinhloko ithubhu elikhulu, elingenalutho elithinta ngemuva.
Amaphiko
Amaphiko afakwe ku-fuselage ngakwesinye. Amaphiko angumthombo wokuphakamisa izindiza. Zihlanganiswe eduze kwe-fuselage ezindiza ezindiza phezulu njengeCessna sika-162 nangaphansi kwe-fuselage ezindizeni eziphansi, njengeTrrafugia Transition. Ingaphambili lephiko libizwa ngokuthi i-edge edge futhi ngemuva kwephiko libizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wokulandelela.
Iphiko ligcinwe ndawonye futhi lisekelwa yi-spars yensimbi, izimbambo, nezintambo, futhi zimbozwe ngendwangu, i-aluminium noma igobolondo elihlanganisiwe. Ezingxenyeni ezingemuva kwephiko (umkhawulo wokulandelana), ungathola i-aileron ne-flaps, eguqulela isimo sephiko ukuze udale ukuphakamisa okungaphezulu noma okuncane ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zezindiza.
- I-Aileron: I-aileron itholakala eduze kwephoyinti lephiko emkhawulweni wokulandelela. I-airfoil enemibhoshongo ephakanyiswayo ephakama ukuphazamisa ukugeleza komoya phezu kwephiko. Ama-ailerons asetshenziselwa ukuvula indiza. Basebenza ngokuphazamisa ukugeleza kwomoya phezu kwephiko, okudala ngaphezulu ukuphakamisa ngelinye iphiko kunolunye.
- Ama-flaps: Ama-flaps amancane amancane atholakala engxenyeni engemuva kwephiko eliseduze ne-fuselage. Ama-flaps anganwetshwa ukuze akhulise indawo yendawo yephiko, ekwakheni ngaphezulu ukuphakama kokukhipha nokufika. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-flaps; imiklamo ihlukahluka ngezindiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka i-flap e-Plain, i-flap esetshenziswe, i-flap split, i-Fowler flap, ne-flap fowler ene-slotted.
Empennage
I-empennage iqukethe ukusimama okuqondile ("umsila" wendiza) kanye nesimo esiqinile esingaguquguquki noma isitifiketi.
- Ukugqama: I-rudder iyinxenye ehambayo yokuqiniswa okuqondile okuvumela indiza ukuba iphendukele ngakwesokunxele noma ngakwesokudla nge-axis yezindiza lapho isebenze. I-rudder ixhunywe ezinyaweni zokuhamba ngezinyawo ku-cockpit yezindiza, futhi
- I-Elevator: I-elevator itholakala engxenyeni engemuva yesimo esiqinile esiqinile. Ihamba phezulu futhi phansi ukuze wenze ikhala lendiza liqhube phezulu noma lihle. I-elevator ixhunywe kwijoka. Uma ubuyela emuva ejokeni ejubini, i-elevator yayizoqhutshwa phezulu, iphoqelele ukusimama okuzungezile ukuze uye phansi futhi ikhala lezindiza likhuphuke.
- I-stabilator: Isilondolozi sinjenge-stabilizer enezingqimba kodwa asibandakanyi i-elevator. I-stabilator ingxenye eyodwa enkulu yezinto eziphathekayo enethebhu ye-anti-servo ephindwe kabili njengethebhu ye-trim.
- Ithebhu ye-trim: Amathebhu we-Trim amancane ezinhlamvu ezibunjwa ngokwezikhonkwane emkhawulweni wokulandelela we-stabilizer enezingqimba. Zenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kancane kancane, njengoba zibekwe umshayeli, ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kokulawula nokwenza indiza ibe lula ukubhekana nayo.
I-power plant
Isitshalo sesitshalo sine injini nazo zonke izingxenye ze-injini, i-propeller, nesistimu kagesi.
Ingatholakala ngaphambi kwe-fuselage yendiza noma ngasekugcineni kwezindiza. Ezindizeni eziningi-injini, izinjini zivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamaphiko ohlangothini ngalunye.
I-Gear Gear
Izimoto zokuhamba ezindizeni eziningi zinamasondo nezinsimbi. Ezinye izindiza zinezikhwama noma ezihambayo ukuze zihlale eqhweni noma emanzini, ngokulandelana. Indiza yezwe engaphenduki eyodwa eyohlala ehamba ngezinyawo izoba ne-tricycle gear gear noma gear evamile yokufika gear. I-tricycle gear itholakala ukuthi kunezingondo ezimbili ezinkulu ezinevili lempumu ngaphambili. Ngezindiza ngamagesi avamile , kunamasondo amabili amakhulu anesondo elilodwa emuva, ngaphansi komsila. Izindiza ezinezigaba ezijwayelekile zibizwa ngokuthi izindiza ze-tailwheel noma i-taildraggers.
Izindiza eziningi nazo ziqondiswa emhlabathini ngokusetshenziswa kokuhlelwa kwamagesi okuhamba ngezintambo.
Ukwaziswa kohlaka lwezindiza
Izindiza zingenziwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zempahla nezindlela, kufaka phakathi i-truss, i-monocoque, i-semi-monocoque kanye ne-composite material.
Isakhiwo seTruss uhlobo oludala lwezakhiwo futhi lwakhiwa ama-tubing we-welding ndawonye ukwakha uhlaka lwama-rectangular. Kungase kuhlale kuvulekile noma kuhlanganiswe ngendwangu noma isikhumba sensimbi, kodwa akuyona nje indlela yokusebenzisa i-aerodynamic yindlela ekhona manje.
Izakhiwo ze-Monocoque ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinomshini owembisiwe noma izinto ezifana ne-aluminium isikhumba ngaphezu kohlaka oluvulekile. Kuyinto elula futhi enhle kakhulu emaphethelweni, kodwa izingxenye zangaphakathi zesakhiwo azikwazi ukulwa nokucindezela okuningi kwangaphandle.
Izindiza ze-semi-monocoque zenzelwe ngendlela efanayo njenge-monocoque, kodwa nge ukwesekwa okungeziwe kanye nendawo.
Izinto zokwakha zithandwa kakhulu futhi ziyasetshenziswa ezindizeni zanamuhla njalo. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zilula futhi zinamandla kune-aluminium yendabuko. Izinto zokwakha ezifana ne-carbon fiber kanye ne-fiberglass zibiza kakhulu kunezinto zendabuko kodwa azijwayele ukubola nokukhathala kwensimbi.