Kushicilelwe ngo-8/22/2015
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazizwa ngenhlangano ethi Lean Startup, ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukuthi izinkampani zakha kanjani imikhiqizo namasevisi amasha. Ukuqalisa okuncane kunesikhala esikhulu ngoba abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukwakha umkhiqizo ophumelelayo. Wonke umuntu uyazi izibalo ezikhathazayo mayelana nephesenti eliphezulu lemikhiqizo emisha ehlulekayo.
Umkhiqizo-I-Market Fit
Ukulingana kwemikhiqizo kuyingxenye yezingqikithi ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Lean Startup, nokho kungenye yezinto ezincane ezichazwe kahle.
UMarc Andreesen uhlele umkhiqizo wamakethe okumele utholakale ekuthunyelwe kwebhulogi lapho ethi, "Ukuthengiswa kwamakethe kusho ukuthi kusemakethe emakethe enomkhiqizo ongakwanelisa leyo makethe." Le ncazelo ikusiza ukuba uqonde ukuthi imakethe yemikhiqizo ifanelekile yini izinga eliphakeme, kodwa alenzanga ngempela. Ungathola ama-athikili amaningi akhuluma ngokufaneleka komakethe, kodwa ahlinzeki isiqondiso esengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokufeza ngayo.
I-Lean Product Playbook kaDan Olsen inikeza isiqondiso esinemininingwane mayelana nendlela yokufezekisa ukulungiswa kwemakethe yomkhiqizo. Le ncwadi ichaza i-Product-Market Fit I-Pyramid: imodeli ephathekayo echaza ukulungiswa kwemakethe ngomkhiqizo usebenzisa izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Kulolu hlobo lwemodeli ephakeme, ingxenye ngayinye ingqimba yephiramidi futhi incike emazingeni angaphansi kwalo. Kusukela phansi kuze kube phezulu, izingqimba ezinhlanu zeMkhiqizo-Market Fit Pyramid yilezi: ikhasimende lakho elihlosiwe, izidingo zakho ezingagciniwe kwamakhasimende, isifiso sakho samanani, isethi sakho sesici, kanye nesipiliyoni sakho somsebenzisi.
Ngenqubo yokuzama ukuchaza nokwakha umkhiqizo ophumelelayo, uzobe uhlela futhi ubuyekeze izizathu kuzo zonke izindawo ezinhlanu kulezi zindawo.
Inqubo yomkhiqizo onamahle
Inqubo Yomkhiqizo Ocebile-nayo ichazwe ku -Lean Product Playbook- iyindlela yokwenza izinto ezilula, elula ukulandela ngokusekelwe ku-Product-Market Fit Pyramid.
Le nqubo ikuqondisa ngokulandelana ngendlela ngayinye yepiramidi kusukela phansi kuze kube phezulu. Ikusiza ukuchaza futhi uvivinye izicabangela zakho eziyisihluthulelo kuzo zonke izici ezinhlanu zokulingana kwemakethe.
Inqubo yomkhiqizo onamahloni inezinyathelo eziyisithupha:
1. Hlela ikhasimende lakho elihlosiwe
2. Thola izidingo zamakhasimende ezingakapheli
3. Chaza ukuphakanyiswa kwexabiso lakho
4. Cacisa isethi sakho sesici esincane sokusebenza (MVP)
5. Yakha isibonisi sakho se-MVP
6. Hlola i-MVP yakho namakhasimende
Isinyathelo 1: Hlola ikhasimende lakho elibhekiswe kulo
Konke kuqala ngamakhasimende ahlose okuzogcina ekunqumeni ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho uhlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zabo. Kufanele usebenzise ukwahlukaniswa kwemakethe ukuze uthole ukuthi ubani umthengi wakho oyimfihlo. I-Personas iyindlela enhle yokuchaza ikhasimende lakho elihlosiwe ukuze wonke umuntu ekamelweni lomkhiqizo aqonde ukuthi kufanele banikeze futhi bakhiwe umkhiqizo.
Ngeke ube nencazelo eqondile yekhasimende lakho elihlosile ekuqaleni: lokho kulungile. Udinga nje ukuqala nge-hypothesis ephezulu futhi ubuyekeze njengoba ufunda futhi ufunda.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Thola izidingo zamakhasimende ezingakapheli
Ngemuva kokudala i-hypothesis yakho ngamakhasimende akho ahlosiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqonda izidingo zabo. Njengoba uzama ukwakha inani lamakhasimende, ufuna ukuthola izidingo ezithile ezihambisana nethuba elihle lemakethe.
Isibonelo, mhlawumbe awufuni ukungena emakethe lapho amakhasimende ajabule kakhulu ngokuthi izixazululo ezikhona zihlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zabo. Uma uhlakulela umkhiqizo omusha noma uthuthukise umkhiqizo okhona, ufuna ukubhekana nezidingo zamakhasimende ezingahlangabezanwe ngokwanele: izidingo "ezingagciniwe" zazo. Amakhasimende azokwahlulela umkhiqizo wakho maqondana nezinye izindlela, ngakho izinga elilinganiselwe lapho umkhiqizo wakho uhlangabezana nezidingo zabo kuxhomeke ekutheni indawo yokuncintisana.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Chaza ukuphakanyiswa kwexabiso lakho
Isiphakamiso sakho samanani yisuhlelo lwakho lokuthi umkhiqizo wakho uzohlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zamakhasimende kangcono kunezinye izindlela. Kuwo wonke amakhasimende angakudinga ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho ungakhuluma, yiziphi ozozigxila kumkhiqizo wakho? USteve Jobs uthe, "Abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukugxila kusho ukuthi yebo into okufanele uyenze.
Kodwa akusho lokho okushoyo nhlobo. Kusho ukuthi cha chaza eminye imibono emihle ekhona. Kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela. Ngempela ngiyaziqhenya ngezinto esingazange senze njengezinto engizenzile. Ukuqamba okusho ukuthi cha kuzinto ezingu-1 000. "
Udinga ukuthola ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho uzohlukaniswa kanjani nemikhiqizo yokuncintisana. Umkhiqizo wakho uzokhipha kanjani ngaphezulu kwabanye? Iziphi izinto eziyingqayizivele zomkhiqizo wakho ezizokujabulela amakhasimende? Lokhu kuyisisekelo samasu omkhiqizo.
Isinyathelo 4: Cacisa isethi yakho yesici se-MVP
Uma usucacile ngesiphakamiso sakho samanani, udinga ukucacisa ukuthi yikuphi ukusebenza kwakho umkhiqizo ophansi ozoyihlanganisa. Awufuni ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nokuzama ukukhishwa ukuze uthole ukuthi kamuva amakhasimende abathandi umkhiqizo owakhe. Indlela ye-MVP ihlose ukwakhiwa kuphela lokho okudingayo ukwakha inani elanele emehlweni ekhasimende lakho elihlosiwe ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhamba ngendlela efanele. Amakhasimende angagcina ekutshela ukuthi i-MVP yakho ayikho into ebalulekile yokusebenza. Noma bangase bakutshele ukuthi ngeke basebenzise isici esithile oye wanquma ukungena ku-MVP yakho. Umgomo uwukuba uqhubekele kuze kube yilapho unayo i-MVP ukuthi amakhasimende avumelana ayasebenza.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Dala isibonisi sakho se-MVP
Ukuze uhlole ukucabanga kwakho kwe-MVP namakhasimende, udinga ukuwabonisa inguqulo yomkhiqizo wakho ukuze bakwazi ukukunikeza impendulo kuso. Kuzodingeka usebenzise ukuhlelwa komsebenzisi (UX) ukuklama ukuletha isici sakho esivela ekuphileni kumakhasimende akho. Ngenkathi ungakha inguqulo ebukhoma, esebenzayo ye-MVP yakho, kuvame ukushesha futhi kuhlakaniphe ngokwengeziwe ukwenza i-MVP prototype. Isibonelo sibonisa umkhiqizo wakho owakhayo ngaphandle kokwakha umkhiqizo wakho wangempela.
Ama-prototypes angahluka ngokuthembeka-izinga lemininingwane abafana ngayo nomkhiqizo wokugcina-nokusebenzisana-izinga lapho umsebenzisi angakwazi ukusebenzisana nalo mfanekiso uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizo wokugcina. Umdwebo wesandla womkhiqizo wakho (ephepheni noma ebhodini elimhlophe) kungaba ukwethembeka okuphansi nokusebenzisana okuphansi. Imikhiqizo yewebhu neyomakhalekhukhwini, ama-wireframes aphakathi kokuthembeka kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-high-fidelity kusetshenziswe njalo.
Ungasebenzisa iqoqo le-high-fidelity mockups yamakhasi / izikrini somkhiqizo wakho ukuze uqale isithombe esicacile / esingenathempikha. Amathuluzi wokuvikela (njenge-InVision) enza kube lula ukucacisa izindawo ezishisayo / eziphathekayo futhi ziwaxhumanise kwamanye amakhasi / izikrini. Ama-prototypes anjalo angavame ukulinganisa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi somkhiqizo wokugcina ngokuthembeka okwanele nokusebenzisana ukuze uthole impendulo ebalulekile kumakhasimende. Ama-prototypes ayindlela enhle yokubheka ngaphambi kokuba ugijime.
Isinyathelo 6: Hlola i-MVP yakho namakhasimende
Uma usuvele usulungile isibonelo sakho se-MVP, yisikhathi sokuyihlola namakhasimende. Kubalulekile kulesi sinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu obancenga impendulo bakho emakethe yakho eqondisiwe. Uma ungenjalo, usengozini yokuthola impendulo yamakhasimende engakuthumela ukuthi uhambisane ngendlela engafanele. Ucwaningo olufushane-ukuhlolisisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli bencwaningo babe nezimfanelo zekhasimende lakho elibhekiswe kulo-kusiza ukufeza lo mgomo. Ube uhlela isikhathi sokukhuluma nekhasimende ngalinye elilodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komsebenzisi ufuna ukugcina ngokucophelela lokho ikhasimende elikushoyo futhi lenze njengoba zisebenzisa lesi sibonelo. Kufanele futhi ubuze imibuzo yokucacisa uma kufanelekile ukuthola ukujula kokufunda. Ukubuza imibuzo yikhono elibalulekile lokuthola inzuzo kakhulu ekuhlolweni komsebenzisi. Umongameli omuhle uzokugwema ukubuza imibuzo ehola phambili, njengokuthi, "Lokho kwakulula, akunjalo?" Uma kuqhathaniswa nombuzo ongekho oholayo, umbuzo oholayo ugxeka impendulo kumakhasimende. Umuntu oxoxisana naye uzogwema ukubuza imibuzo evulekile njengokuthi, "Uyakuthanda leso sici?" Imibuzo enjalo iyala impendulo yebo noma ayikho kumsebenzisi, enganikeza ukufunda okuningi. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ubuze imibuzo evulekile njengokuthi "Ngicela ungitshele ukuthi ucabangani ngaleyo sici?" Imibuzo engekho ehola, imibuzo evulekile inikeza amakhasimende ububanzi ezimpendulo zabo futhi ibuye ibakhuthaze ukuba bakutshele kabanzi.
Kunenzuzo ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa komsebenzisi kumaqoqo noma amaza. I-wave of abasebenzisi abayisihlanu kuya kwabangu-8 ibetha ibhalansi elungile phakathi kokumbalwa kakhulu (lapho ungengozi ukuthola ezinye izinkinga) futhi kuningi (lapho kunokuphindaphinda futhi inani eliphansi lokuhlolwa kwezinguquko ezengeziwe). Ekupheleni komswakama, ufuna ukubuka yonke imibono oyitholile, kokubili okuhle nokubi. Ufuna ukubona amaphethini wempendulo efanayo kusuka kumakhasimende amaningi futhi ubeka phambili kunoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kwamakhasimende oye wawavula ukuze ukwazi ukuwabhekana nawo.
Hlanganisa noMkhiqizo-I-Market Fit
Inqubo yomkhiqizo onamahloni iyinkqubo yokubuyisela. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya impendulo yamakhasimende esiteji 6, ufuna ukuhlaziya imibono yakho ngokusekelwe kulokho okufundile futhi uhlehlisele esiteji sangaphambili enkambisweni. Impendulo izocaca ukuthi yisiphi isinyathelo okufanele ubuyele kuso esilandelayo. Uma nje udinga ukuthuthukisa ukuklama kwakho kwe-UX, khona-ke ungakwazi ukubuyela emuva esiteji 5. Kodwa uma ucabanga ngokusetha isici, ukuphakamisa ukuphakanyiswa, izidingo zamakhasimende ezingalondoloziwe, noma ukukhomba ikhasimende kudingeka ushintshe, bese ubuyela esiteji sokuqala okudinga ukubuyekezwa futhi uqhubeke ukusuka lapho.
Ekuhloleni kwakho ngalunye ngenqubo, uzogcina ukuhlola kabusha umbukiso wakho we-MVP, obuye uzame futhi nge-wave entsha yamakhasimende athile. Kusuka kokulenga okuya kwesinye, unethemba lokubona ukwanda kwempendulo emihle evela kumakhasimende nokunciphisa impendulo engalungile. Ungathola ukuthi awubonakali ukwenza intuthuko enkulu naphezu kokuzama ukuphindaphindiwe okuningi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kufanele uthathe isinyathelo emuva futhi ubuyekeze amaphuzu akho. Ungaphetha ngokuthi ukuze uzuze amazinga aphezulu emakethe yemikhiqizo efanelekile kudingeka uguqule (shintsha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezingqinamba zakho ezinkulu).
Kulungile, emva kokuphinda Inqubo Yomkhiqizo Ocebileko wezaziso ezengeziwe, uphinde uthumele embonini ye-MVP ukuthi amakhasimende akanayo impendulo engalungile , cabanga kalula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi uthole okubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, usuqinisekisile izicabha zakho eziyisihluthulelo futhi udale umkhiqizo ohambisana nemakethe yomkhiqizo. Kufanele uqhubeke nokutshala izimali ezidingekayo ukwakha umkhiqizo. Ukulandela le nqubo kufanele kukunikeze izinga eliphakeme lokuqiniseka lokuthi uma uqala umkhiqizo wakho, amakhasimende azoyisebenzisa futhi ayithole ayigugu.
I-Lean Product Playbook kaDan Olsen inikeza izeluleko ezijulile ezengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa imibono ye-Lean Startup nokufezekisa ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo. U-Dan Olsen uyi-Consultant Lean Startup kanye nomphathi wokuphathwa kwemikhiqizo, isikhulumi, nomlobi. E-Olsen Solutions, uDan usebenza nama-CEO kanye nabaholi bemikhiqizo ukubasiza ekwakheni imikhiqizo emikhulu namaqembu omkhiqizo onamandla, ngokuvamile njengeVP yomkhiqizo wesikhashana. Usebenze nezinkampani ezinkulu nezincane ezinhlobonhlobo zewebhu kanye nemikhiqizo yeselula. Amakhasimende akwaDan ahlanganisa i-Facebook, ibhokisi, i-Microsoft, i-Medallia, ne-One Medical Group.