Ukuphathwa Kwemisebenzi Eyisisekelo 101: Iyini Ukuphathwa Kwephrojekthi?

Izakhi zeProjekthi Management zichazwe

Ukuphathwa kweprojekthi kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhizinisi eliphumelelayo. Ithinta imali engenayo kanye nezikweletu, futhi ekugcineni ixhumana nekhasimende noma ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nokugcina. Inkampani yakho ingahle ibe neprojekthi eyodwa kuphela emisebenzini ngesikhathi, ngenkathi ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu nezinhlangano zingase zenze amaphrojekthi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwemvelo yabo, amaphrojekthi ayesikhashana.

Imiklamo iyindlela yokuthola umgomo, futhi umgomo uzofinyelelwa ekugcineni.

Ibhizinisi lakho lingase liqhubekele kwenye iphrojekthi ... noma cha. Kungenzeka kube yinhloso yesikhathi esisodwa.

Imiklamo ikhuthaza isidingo esikhulu sokusebenza kwabasebenzi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izikhundla ezintsha zokuphatha iphrojekthi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15 ziyozenezwa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020.

Uyini Ukuphathwa Kwephrojekthi?

Ukuphathwa kweprojekthi akuyona yonke inqubo yenkampani yakho. Ingxenye eyodwa kuphela, uhlelo oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi wena kanye nebhizinisi lakho uzofeza kanjani umgomo othile.

Kulula kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ufuna ukuya eBhokisi A, ngakho uzothatha izinyathelo ezingu-25 kuleso siqondiso. Kodwa kufanele futhi uthathe isikhathi sokucubungula ohlelweni lwakho lwephrojekthi, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kufanele usebenze ngaphakathi kwesabelomali. Ungase ukhahlele lezo zinyathelo ezingu-25 noma ungase ugijime. Kuncike ekutheni kufanele ufike ngokushesha kangakanani ukuze ugcwalise ngempumelelo iphrojekthi. Ungagcina imali ngokuhamba ngezinyawo, noma ungaqasha umshayeli. Kuncike kwisabelomali osinikezele kuphrojekthi.

Ayikho indlela eyodwa-evumelana nayo yonke indlela, uhlelo, noma uhlelo. Iphrojekthi ngayinye wena kanye nenkampani yakho yokubhekana nayo cishe kuyoba nomugqa wesikhathi, umgomo, kanye nesabelomali. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomphathi wephrojekthi onamakhono anekhono endaweni ukuqhuba umbukiso.

Izinketho zeProjekthi

Umphathi wepropumelelo ophumelelayo kufanele ngesikhathi esifanayo aphathe izinto ezine eziyisisekelo zeprojekthi: ububanzi, izinsiza, isikhathi, nemali.

Lezi zakhi zihlobene futhi kufanele ziphathwe ndawonye uma iphrojekthi nomphathi wephrojekthi kufanele baphumelele.

1. Ububanzi: Lokhu kuhilela usayizi wephrojekthi, imigomo, kanye nezidingo.
2. Izinsiza: Uzodinga abantu, imishini, nezinto ezikhona endaweni.
3. Isikhathi: Lokhu akugcini nje ukukhuluma ukuthi ingakanani isikhathi iphrojekthi ezoyithatha yonke. Kumele kuphulwe ekusebenzeni isikhathi, ukuxhomekeka, kanye nendlela eqondile.
4. Imali: Yiba nokuqonda ngokuqinile izindleko, izidingo, kanye nenzuzo.

I-Element Ebaluleke Kakhulu: Ububanzi

Ububanzi bephrojekthi yilona incazelo yalokho okumele kwenziwe iphrojekthi kanye nemali eyabelomali yesikhathi nemali ezenziwe ukufeza lezi zinjongo. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okwenziwe kwiprojekthi kufanele kube noshintsho olufanayo kubhajethi, isikhathi, izinsiza, noma zonke ezintathu.

Uma umkhawulo wephrojekthi ukwakhiwa isakhiwo sokwakha amawijethi amathathu kwibhajethi ye $ 100,000, umphathi wephrojekthi kulindeleke ukuba enze lokho. Uma ububanzi bushintshelwe kwisakhiwo samawijethi amane, umphathi wephrojekthi kumele athole ushintsho olufanele ngesikhathi, imali, kanye nezinsiza.

Izinsiza

Kunezici ezintathu zokuqonda nokuphatha izinsiza: abantu, imishini, kanye nezinto.

Umphathi wephrojekthi ophumelelayo kufanele aphathe ngokuphumelelayo izinsiza ezinikezwe iphrojekthi, kufaka phakathi amalungu wethimba lephrojekthi , abathengisi nabathengisi.

Kumele aqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi bakhe banamakhono namathuluzi abawadinga ukuqedela umsebenzi, futhi kufanele aqhubeke eqaphela ukuthi unabantu abaneleyo endaweni abazoyiqedela lo msebenzi ngesikhathi sokugcina. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye uyaqonda umsebenzi kanye nezinsuku zokuqeda umsebenzi.

Ilungu eliphakeme leqembu ngalinye labasebenzi libika kumphathi wephrojekthi lapho ephethe abasebenzi abaqondile, kodwa abasebenzi bangase babe nomphathi wezinsizakalo enikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe. Esikhathini sokuphathwa kwe-matrix njengethimba leprojekthi, umsebenzi womphathi wephrojekthi ukuhlinzeka isiqondiso sephrojekthi kubaphathi bamathafa. Ukuphatha izinkontileka ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile kusho ukusingatha iqembu eliholele abasebenzi abathintekayo, abazophatha labo abasebenzi.

Umphathi wephrojekthi kumele avame ukuthenga imishini nezinto zokwakha nokuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwazo futhi ithimba likwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Unesibopho sokuba nemishini efanelekile nezinto ezifanele endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele.

Isikhathi

Izakhi ezintathu zokuphatha isikhathi sempumelelo yimisebenzi, isimiso, kanye nendlela ebucayi.

Yakha isimiso sephrojekthi ngokufaka uhlu, ngokulandelana, yonke imisebenzi okufanele igcwaliswe. Ezinye kumele zenziwe ngokulandelana ngenkathi ezinye zingagudluza noma zenziwe ngokulandelana. Nika isikhathi kumsebenzi ngamunye. Nika izinsiza ezidingekayo. Hlela abandulele-yimiphi imisebenzi okumelwe igcwaliswe ngaphambi kwabanye-kanye nabahluleli, imisebenzi engakwazi ukuqala kuze kube sekupheleni komunye umsebenzi. Lesi sici sokuphathwa kwephrojekthi ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-waterfall ngoba umsebenzi owodwa ulandela omunye ngokulandelana okungaphezulu noma okuncane.

Isofthiwe yokuphatha iphrojekthi ingenza kube lula umsebenzi wokwakha nokuphatha isimiso sephrojekthi.

Ezinye imisebenzi zinokuguquguquka okuncane ezinsukwini zokuqala nezinsuku zokuqala ezidingekayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "float." Eminye imisebenzi ayinakho ukuguquguquka. Unayo i-zero float. Umzila phakathi kwayo yonke imisebenzi nge-zero float ubizwa ngokuthi indlela ebalulekile . Yonke imisebenzi kule ndlela-futhi ingaba nemigwaqo eminingi, ehambisanayo-kumele igcwaliswe ngesikhathi uma iphrojekthi izofika ngesikhathi sayo sokugcina. Umsebenzi wokuphatha isikhathi senkampani yomphathi wephrojekthi ukuqapha indlela ebalulekile.

Imali

Izinto ezintathu zokuphatha imali yizindleko, izimo, kanye nenzuzo.

Umsebenzi ngamunye unezindleko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiwona amahora omsebenzi we-programmer yekhompyutha noma intengo yokuthenga yegumbi le cubic lokukhonkolo. Ngalinye yalezi zindleko kulinganiselwa futhi ziphelele uma ulungiselela isabelomali sephrojekthi .

Ezinye izilinganiso ziyoba nenembile kunabanye. Ngakho-ke isabelomali sephrojekthi kufanele sibandakanye isabelo semali esabekwa eceleni kwesabelomali "uma kwenzeka" izindleko zangempela zento zihlukile ngokulinganisa.

Inzuzo yinkampani efuna ukuyenza kusuka emsebenzini. Ibeka phezu kwezindleko.

Ngakho-ke isabelomali sephrojekthi sakhiwa izindleko ezilinganisiwe, kanye ne-contingency, kanye nanoma iyiphi inzuzo. Umsebenzi wemenenja yephrojekthi ukugcina izindleko zangempela noma ngaphansi kwezindleko ezilinganisiwe futhi ukwandise inzuzo inkampani eyitholayo kule phrojekthi.

Ukuphathwa kweProjekthi Kuyinto yobuciko nesayensi

Ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi ephumelelayo kusebenza. Le mibono ingakunika ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuphathwa kwephrojekthi, kodwa cabanga nje kuphela isiqalo. Uma umsebenzi wakho noma indlela yokusebenza ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, futhi uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho, khuluma nabaphathi bephrojekthi abaphumelelayo, funda, futhi usebenzise. Ukuphathwa kweprojekthi kungaba umsebenzi ovuzayo kakhulu.