Hlela, Bamba Abantu Bayibophezele, Bakhulume futhi Baxoxe Abanye
Lokho kuyincazelo enhle yezemfundo, kodwa abaphathi bephrojekthi benzani?
Kulula nje, baphatha amaphrojekthi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kubeka kalula, kodwa yilokho abakwenzayo. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuziphatha, benza noma yini edingekayo ukuze afeze imigomo yephrojekthi.
I-PMI ichaza iphrojekthi ngokuthi "umsebenzi weqembu wesikhashana owenzelwe ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ohlukile, isevisi noma umphumela." Igama eliyingqayizivele ngumsebenzi oyinhloko kule ncazelo. Imisebenzi Yansuku zonke ayihlanganisi amaphrojekthi. Imisebenzi eyenza iphrojekthi ayisasetshenziswa uma iphrojekthi iphelile.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi bahlela izinsiza-njengesikhathi, imali nabantu-ukwenza amaphrojekthi aphumelele. Uma kwenziwa iphrojekthi eyodwa, abaphathi bephrojekthi bahambisa kwenye iphrojekthi.
Yiziphi Abaphathi Bamaphrojekthi Abazenzayo
Uma umsebenzi womphathi wephrojekthi ukuhlela izinsiza ukwenza amaphrojekthi aphumelele, lokhu kwenzeka kanjani?
Abaphathi bephrojekthi bahlela amaphrojekthi. Bahlala phansi nabaxhasi bephrojekthi ukuze baqambe imigomo yephrojekthi. Zithatha lezi zinhloso zenyama yazo ngaphandle kwe- charter project .
I-charter yeprojekthi yidokhumenti eyenza ukuqalisa iphrojekthi. I-charter yomsebenzi iveza ukulindela izinga eliphakeme lephrojekthi njengamabhizinisi amakhulu, isabelomali, kanye nama-timeframes. Izingxenye eziqondile ze-charters zomsebenzi zihlukahluka ngenhlangano.
Umphathi weprojekthi kanye nomxhasi wephrojekthi baxoxisane nabani abafuna kuthimba lephrojekthi.
Umphathi wephrojekthi futhi uxhase isiteleka mayelana nokuthi bayothola kanjani laba bantu kuphrojekthi. Umxhasi wephrojekthi kufanele abe nesimo senhlangano kanye nesiphakamiso sokufinyelela kubaphathi bezinga eliphakeme ukuthola izinsiza zabasebenzi kule phrojekthi.
Laba basebenzi ngeke babike ngokusemthethweni kumphathi wephrojekthi, kodwa bayoba nomthwalo wemenenja yephrojekthi yokuqedela imisebenzi yephrojekthi eyabelwe. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyinto enzima kunazo zonke ngokuphatha amaphrojekthi: umphathi wephrojekthi akanalo igunya eliphelele lokuphatha phezu kwamalungu weqembu lephrojekthi. Laba bantu banezinye izabelo nezinto ezibalulekile ngaphandle kwephrojekthi. Uma kuphakama izinkinga zomuntu siqu, abaphathi bamaphrojekthi bazama ukubambisana nelungu lethimba lephrojekthi, kepha uma lezo zinkinga ziqhubeka, umphathi wephrojekthi kumele ahambe kumphathi welungu leqembu ukuze afinyelele isinqumo.
Uma umphathi wephrojekthi ekwazi izinto zakhe zeprojekthi, umphathi weprojekthi uhlela uhlelo lweprojekthi nesakhiwo sokudiliza umsebenzi , noma i-WBS. I-WBS ihlukanisa izinyathelo ezibalulekile zephrojekthi zibe yizinhlamvu eziphathekayo ezingabelwa umuntu oyedwa. Umsebenzi akufanele ugcwaliswe ngumuntu oyedwa kuphela, kodwa umuntu oyedwa kumele abe nomsebenzi walo msebenzi.
Njengomphathi weprojekthi uqala i-WBS, ubheka ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi encike komunye nomunye. Uhlela imisebenzi ngokufanele. Ubuye ahlole amandla, ubuthakathaka kanye nezinye izibopho zamalungu eqembu leprojekthi.
Iningi lomsebenzi wemphathi wephrojekthi ukuxhumana. Esigabeni sokuhlela, umphathi wephrojekthi kanye noxhasayo bayokuxhumana njalo. Emhlanganweni wokukhwabanisa, umphathi wephrojekthi usetha ithoni yonke iphrojekthi. Uma iphrojekthi iqalile, umphathi wephrojekthi uxhumana namalungu eqembu lephrojekthi, abaxhasi bephrojekthi, nabathintekayo . Abathintekayo bangaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenhlangano. Umphathi wephrojekthi ugcina imihlangano ejwayelekile neqembu lephrojekthi futhi uhlangana namalungu eqembu ngalinye uma kudingeka. Umphathi wephrojekthi uphinde uhlangane nomxhasi wephrojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ihamba njengoba umxhasi wephrojekthi alindele.
Njengoba iphrojekthi idonsela ekupheleni, umphathi wephrojekthi kumele axoxe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhlangana ndawonye. Ngemuva kokuba ivaliwe, umphathi wephrojekthi ubhala futhi axoxise izifundo ezitholwe kule phrojekthi.
Izinhlangano zikaHulumeni zivame ukubeka abaphathi beprojekthi ukuthi basebenzise emikhakheni emikhulu ngezingxenye zeteknoloji yezokwaziswa ezifana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-software enkulu kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-hardware. Amaphrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe obuncane kakhulu amathuba okuba nezinhlaka ezihleliwe zokuphatha iphrojekthi kunamaphrojekthi amancane ngaphandle kwempikiswano kwezobuchwepheshe. Abaphathi bephrojekthi kulezi zinhlelo ezincane, ezingezona ezobuchwepheshe bangabasebenzi abangenayo ukuqeqeshwa ekulawulweni kwephrojekthi futhi balindeleke ukuba badonsa umsebenzi.
Abantu abaningi bangena ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi kusukela ekuphoqelekeni ukuba badonsa. Bavela kuzo zonke izizinda ezihlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangamaphoyisa, abaphathi bezinkontileka, ochwepheshe bezekharityhulam , izikhulu zokwaziswa zomphakathi noma enye into, baqala njengabachwepheshe bezinhloko abanamakhono okuhlela futhi baqhube njengabaphathi beprojekthi. Uma bezuza okuhlangenwe nakho okuncane nokuqeqeshwa, bathola ukuthi bayakujabulela ukuphatha amaphrojekthi. Bafuna amathuba amaningi okuphatha amaphrojekthi, ukuqeqesha ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo kanye nokufaka izitifiketi zokuzinikezela ngokwengeziwe namathuba emisebenzi.
Izimpawu zabaphathi beProjekthi
Kunezici eziningana ezivamile phakathi kwabaphathi bephrojekthi abaphumelelayo. Ngezici, abaphathi bephrojekthi bahamba kahle ekufezeni imigomo yabo yamaphrojekthi.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi kumele bathembeke. Ukuze abathintekayo namalungu eqembu lephrojekthi athembele iphrojekthi bayohamba kahle, kumele bathembele kumphathi wephrojekthi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinto zihamba kahle noma azikho kahle, umphathi wephrojekthi kumele avulekele futhi aqotho ngalokho okwenzekayo ngephrojekthi. Ukwenza okunjalo kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwemphathi wephrojekthi. Abantu bayazi ukuthi bayothola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani kuphrojekthi.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi bavame ukuxoshwa. Ukukhulumisana kuyimfanelo enhle yabaphathi bephrojekthi ukuba babe nayo ngoba baxoxa njalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxhumana nomxhasi wephrojekthi, abathintekayo noma amalungu eqembu, abaphathi bephrojekthi kumele bazuze amathuba okusabalalisa nokuqoqa ulwazi. Abaphathi bephrojekthi ye-Introverted bangaphumelela; Nokho, kumele baziphoqe ngaphandle kwendawo yabo yokududuza.
Ukuhlela kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni ekulawulweni kwephrojekthi. Abaphathi beprojekthi kumele babe ngabahleli hhayi nje ukusetha uhlelo oluhle kodwa ukulandela uhlelo nokukwazi ukuthi lolu hlelo luyadingeka yini ukushintsha. Abaphathi bephrojekthi banamathele ohlelweni kuze kube yilapho bengasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi. Bese benza izinguquko ngendiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo yephrojekthi izohlangana. Batshela izinguquko ezithameli ezidingekayo.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi abahlale bezazi ezindabeni zezinhlelo zabo. Emaphrojekthi amakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi imenenja yeprojekthi ingaba isazi kuzo zonke izici zephrojekthi. Yingakho amaqembu ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulwa nokuntuleka komphathi wephrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe bokufunda, abaphathi bephrojekthi kumele babe nokuqondiswa kwedatha. Kumelwe bacindezele amalungu abo amathimba ukuba banikeze idatha eqinisekisiwe yokufakazela amaphrojekthi ethuthuka njengoba kufanele. Uma izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nesikhathi, ikhwalithi kanye nobubanzi buvela, abaphathi bephrojekthi badinga idatha ukuthola ukuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi abaphathi bephrojekthi badinga idatha, kufanele bahlaziye. Kumele bakwazi ukunciphisa ubandlululo kanye nomzwelo ukuthola ulwazi olufanele futhi balisebenzise kwinkqubo yokwenza izinqumo.
Abaphathi bePhrojekthi Yezitifiketi Bangayithola
Njengoba ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi kuye kwahluma ngokwesiyalo sayo esihlukile, ukubaluleka kwezitifiketi kuye kwanda. Eqinisweni, ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi eminingi emikhakheni yomphakathi kanye yangasese kubonisa ukuthi abaqashi badinga noma bakhetha amaholo amasha ukuze baqinisekiswe. Abantu abanemininingwane ende yomsebenzi ekulawulweni kweprojekthi bangase bangadingi izitifiketi, kodwa labo abasha kulo mkhakha kumele baqhubekele. Njengoba abantu abaningi bangena emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwephrojekthi, abantu abaningi bazodinga ukuzihlukanisa njengabafanelekayo.
E-US, isitifiketi esivelele kakhulu kubaphathi bephrojekthi yi-Project Management Professional, noma i-PMP®, enikezwa yi-PMI. Ukuze uthole ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMP®, imenenja yeprojekthi ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zemfundo, isipiliyoni kanye nokuqeqeshwa. Lezi zidingo zingafinyelelwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, imenenja yeprojekthi kumele ibe ne-high school degree, iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlangenwe nakho ngamahora angu-7 500 wokuphatha amaphrojekthi namahora angu-35 okuqeqeshwa okufanele. Okwesibili, imenenja yephrojekthi kufanele ibe ne-bachelor degree, iminyaka emithathu yokuhlangenwe nakho ngamahora angu-4 500 ukuphatha amaphrojekthi namahora angu-35 okuqeqeshwa okufanele.
Ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko, umphathi wephrojekthi kumele asebenzise ne-PMI futhi athathe ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusekelwe kwi- Project Management Body of Knowledge , noma i-PMBOK®.
Kuzo zonke, i-PMI inikeza izitifiketi eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuphatha iphrojekthi. I-PMP® futhi kulula ukuthola i- Certified Associate ku-Project Management noma i-CAPM® , izitifiketi ezimbili ezijwayelekile ze-PMI. Ezinye izitifiketi zabo eziyisikhombisa zibhekana nezici ezithile zokuphatha iphrojekthi-njengokuhlaziywa kwebhizinisi, ukuhlela nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele-noma izindlela ezithile zokuphatha iphrojekthi-njenge-Agile ne-OPM3.
Abaphathi beProjekthi Abahola Imali
Njengawo wonke umsebenzi okhona emkhakheni womphakathi nabangasese, labo abasebenza kuhulumeni bangalindela ukuzuza kancane kancane kunabalingani babo. Inhlangano kaHulumeni ijwayele ukuba nezinhlinzeko ezingcono kunezinkampani zangasese.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yabo benza okungaphansi kwalabo abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi. Njengabaphathi bephrojekthi bathola ulwazi, bangakwazi ukuyala amaholo aphezulu.