Uhlelo lweprojekthi luyisiqalo sokuhlela ngokucophelela ngumphathi weprojekthi . Lona idokhumenti elihle eliqondisa ukuthi le phrojekthi izosebenza kanjani. Ngokusho kweProjekthi Management Institute , "idokhumenti ehlelekile, evunyelwe ukuqondisa kokubili ukusebenza kwephrojekthi nokulawulwa kwephrojekthi." Yiluhlelo lwamapulani ngoba okulotshiwe ngaphakathi kwalo kuyinjongo yomphathi wephrojekthi ngayinye ingxenye ebalulekile yephrojekthi .
Okuchazwe ngezansi yizinto ezibalulekile ezitholakala ezinhlelweni eziningi zephrojekthi. Izinhlangano zinezinqubo nezinqubo zazo ngalokho okudingeka kube khona ohlelweni lwephrojekthi futhi ngokujwayelekile ukuthi izinhlelo zizosebenza kanjani, ngakho-ke akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokuphatha iphrojekthi ezizoba nalezi zinto. Kodwa-ke, abaphathi bephrojekthi kufanele bahlole bonke esigabeni sokuhlela ukugwema ukudideka nokuphoqelelwa kokuphoqelelwa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqalisa iphrojekthi.
Imigomo yeProjekthi engu-01
02 Uhlaka lweprojekthi
Njengemigomo yeprojekthi, ububanzi buchazwe kulo mqulu; Kodwa-ke, imenenja yeprojekthi kumele ihlise izinga lokuhlelwa kohlelo lomsebenzi. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuchaza okusemandleni kwiprojekthi ukuchaza ukuthi yini engekho. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi yokuzenzekela inqubo yombhalo ingadinga incazelo yesilinganiso lapho leyo nqubo iqala futhi iphetha ekukhishekeni ngokufanele imisebenzi engaphandle kwephrojekthi. Lolu lwazi lusiza umphathi wephrojekthi ukuthi achaze lokho okusemandleni.
03 Izinyathelo ezinkulu kanye nezinsiza ezinkulu
Impumelelo eyinhloko yephrojekthi ibizwa ngokuthi ama-milestones. Imikhiqizo yomsebenzi oyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi ikhululeka kakhulu. Amelela izingxenye ezinkulu zomsebenzi kuphrojekthi. Uhlelo lwephrojekthi kufanele lubone lezi zinto, zichaze futhi zibeke isikhathi sokuqeda.
Yisho inhlangano yenza iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe entsha. Iphrojekthi enjalo inezici ezimbili zomlando kanye nokuhlinzekwa. Ukukhishwa okukhulu okungahle kube uhlu lokugcina lwezimfuneko zebhizinisi kanye nohlu lwezidingo zokusebenza ezizofeza lezo zidingo zebhizinisi. Ukulandela lokho, iphrojekthi ingaba nemigomo yokuphela kokuklama kwebhizinisi, ukuphela kokuhlolwa kwesistimu, ukuphela kokuhlolwa komsebenzisi ukwamukelwa kanye nosuku lokuqalisa uhlelo lwesofthiwe. Lezi zimpawu ezinkulu zinezimpahla zomsebenzi ezihambisana nabo, kodwa ziningi mayelana nezinqubo kunemikhiqizo ngokwazo.
Izinsuku zokugcina ezikhululekile nokukhululeka akudingeki kube yizinsuku eziqondile, kodwa ukuthi lezo zinsuku zizocaca kangcono, ngcono. Okuthile okunomhla wokugcina ka-Okthoba kungatholakala nganoma yiluphi usuku ngo-Okthoba kusukela ngomhlaka 1 kuya ku-31, kodwa isikhathi sokuphela kuka-Okthoba 15 kufanele sihlangane noma ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba 15. Izinsuku ezicacile zisiza umphathi weprojekthi ukwenza isakhiwo sokuchithwa komsebenzi oqondile.
Isakhiwo sokudilizwa komsebenzi
Isakhiwo sokuphazamiseka komsebenzi, noma i-WBS, sinquma kabusha izinto ezibalulekile kanye nokukhululwa okukhulu kwiprojekthi ibe yizinhlambalwa ezincane ukuze umuntu oyedwa angabikezwa umthwalo wemithwalo ngayinye. Ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo sokuphazamiseka komsebenzi, umphathi wephrojekthi uhlola izici eziningi ezifana namandla kanye nobuthakathaka bamalungu eqembu leprojekthi, ukuxhasana phakathi kwemisebenzi, izinsiza ezikhona kanye nesikhathi esiphezulu sephrojekthi.
Umphathi wephrojekthi ekugcineni nguye obangela ukuphumelela kwephrojekthi, kodwa akakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi wodwa. I-WBS iyithuluzi umphathi wephrojekthi esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula kule phrojekthi ngoba litshela umxhasi wephrojekthi, amalungu eqembu lephrojekthi kanye nabathintekayo abanomthwalo walokho. Uma umphathi wephrojekthi ekhathazekile ngomsebenzi, umphathi weprojekthi uyazi ukuthi ngubani ozohlangana naye ngokuphathelene nokukhathazeka.
05 Budget
Isabelomali sephrojekthi sibonisa ukuthi imali eyabelwe kangakanani ukufeza iphrojekthi. Umphathi wephrojekthi unesibopho sokusabalalisa lezi zinsiza ngokufanele. Kuphrojekthi enabathengisi, umphathi wephrojekthi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukulethwa kwezidingo kuphelile ngokuvumelana nemigomo yemvumelwano, ukunaka ngokukhethekile izinga. Ezinye izimali zephrojekthi zixhumanisa ohlelweni lwemithombo yabantu.
06 Uhlelo Lwezinsiza Zabantu
Uhlelo lwabasebenzi lubonisa ukuthi lolu hlelo luzosebenza kanjani. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yihlelo lokusebenza. Lolu hlelo luchaza ukuthi ngubani ozobe eqenjini lephrojekthi nokuthi kungakanani isikhathi esizinikezela umuntu ngamunye kulindeleke ukuba enze. Ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlelo, umphathi wephrojekthi uxoxisana namalungu eqembu kanye nabaphathi babo ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ilungu ngalinye leqembu linganikela kulo msebenzi. Uma abasebenzi kuyadingeka ukuthi baxoxe ngephrojekthi kodwa abayona ingxenye yethimba lephrojekthi, eliphinde lilotshwe ohlelweni lokusebenza. Futhi, abaphathi abafanele baxoxisana nabo.
Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kwengozi 07
Izinto eziningi zingahambi kahle kuphrojekthi. Ngenkathi yonke inhlekelele noma insizwa encane engabonakali, abaningi bangacaciswa. Kuhlelo lokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, umphathi wephrojekthi uveza izingozi zephrojekthi, amathuba okuba lezo zingozi zizokwenzeka kanye namasu okunciphisa lezo zingozi. Imenenja yephrojekthi ifuna ukungena kumxhasi wephrojekthi, ithimba lephrojekthi, abathintekayo kanye nochwepheshe bangaphakathi.
Amasu okunciphisa afakwa esikhundleni sezingozi ezingase zenzeke noma zibe nezindleko eziphakeme ezihambisana nazo. Izingozi ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke futhi ezinezindleko eziphansi ziphawulwe kuhlelo; Nokho, bangase bangabi namasu okunciphisa.
Uhlelo Lokuxhumana 08
Uhlelo lokuxhumana luchaza indlela iphrojekthi ezokwaziswa ngayo izethameli ezihlukahlukene. Ngokufana nesakhiwo sokuhlakazeka komsebenzi, uhlelo lokuxhumana lunikeza umthwalo wokuqeda ingxenye ngayinye ilungu lethimba leprojekthi.
Umlayezo ngamunye unezilaleli ezihlosiwe. Abaphathi bephrojekthi baqinisekise ukuthi umyalezo ngamunye uhambelana nezilaleli zakhe ezithile. Uhlelo lokuxhumana lusiza abaphathi bephrojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olufanele lufika kubantu abalungile ngesikhathi esifanele.
Uhlelo Lokuphatha Abathintekayo 09
Uhlelo lokuphatha abathintekayo lubonisa indlela abathintekayo abazosetshenziswa ngayo kule phrojekthi. Ngezinye izikhathi abathintekayo badinga kuphela ukuthola ulwazi. Lokho kunganakekelwa ohlelweni lokuxhumana. Uma kuningi okudingekayo kubathintekayo, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwabathintekayo luveza ukuthi luzotholakala kanjani.
Uhlelo lokuPhatha lokuTshintshwa
Uhlelo lokuphatha ushintsho lubeka uhlaka lokwenza ushintsho kuphrojekthi. Abaphathi bephrojekthi bavame ukufuna ukugwema izinguquko kuphrojekthi; Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko ngezinye izikhathi zingenakwenzeka. Uhlelo lokuphatha ushintsho luhlinzeka ngezivumelwano nezinqubo zokwenza izinguquko. Kubalulekile ekuziphenduleleni nasekukhanyeni ukuthi abaxhasi bephrojekthi, abaphathi bephrojekthi, namalungu eqembu lephrojekthi balandela uhlelo lokuphatha ushintsho.