Kungani Ukusebenza Kwezempi Akudingekile Kodwa Kungasiza
Ngokwe-NASA ka-2009 ye-Astronaut Fact Book (i-NP-2013-04-003-JSC), kube khona abantu abangu-44,658 abafake isicelo sokuba yi-astronaut. Kulelo damu, abantu abangu-330 kuphela abamukelekile ohlelweni lwabaqashi be-astronaut (abesifazane abangama-48 nabangu-282), futhi abangaphezu kuka-200 bakhonza amabutho ase-United States ahlomile.
I- Astronaut Fact Book yagcina ibuyekezwa ngo-2013.
Amagatsha aseMpi abamele eNASA
Yonke igatsha lenkonzo-kuhlanganise ne-US Coast Guard-liye lamelela enhlanganweni ye-astronaut. I-NASA igcina uhlu lwabaqhamuka bezazi kanye nabaqhamukayo bamanje ngezibalo zabo.
I-Astronaut Fact Book inezinhlu ezenziwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezempi (nangesimo sokuzalwa, okwakungama-Scouts, nezibalo ze-EVA zezinkanyezi zase-US, phakathi kwezinye izinhlu). Ngangijabulisa ngokudlala nezinombolo. Ngokwencwadi yeqiniso ka-2009, amagatsha e-Armed Forces aye amelwa kanje:
- I-United States Air Force - 81
- Amabutho aseMelika - 15
- I-United States Guard Guard - 2
- I-United States Navy - 84
- I-United States Marine Corps - 23
Ezinye zezinkanyezi zezempi ziye zaba, noma namanje, amagama emakhaya, njengoNeil Armstrong (umuntu wokuqala ukuhamba enyangeni), uBuzz Aldrin (wahlola i-Apollo 11 futhi wanikela u-Armstrong enyangeni) noJohn Glenn (wokuqala waseMelika ukuba ukuhambisa umhlaba), isibonelo.
Umlando wezinkanyezi zezempi kanye ne-NASA
Ekuqaleni, abadlali bokuqala bevela emasosheni ngoba i-NASA yayifuna abantu ababenokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlolwa komshayeli futhi ababezimisele ukubhekana nezimo eziyingozi. Eyokuqala kwezindiza e-NASA, amagatsha ezempi ayacelwa ukuba ahlinzeke uhlu lwabaqhubi bezempi abahlolwayo abazofanelekela i-Project Mercury.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa okunamandla, i-NASA yamemezela ukukhethwa kwayo kwe "Mercury Seven" njengabadlali bayo bokuqala. Amalungu e-Mercury Seven Astronauts yilezi:
- Scott Carpenter - US Navy
- ULoyoy Gordon Cooper, Jr. - US Air Force
- UJohn Herschel Glenn, Jr. - US Marine Corps
- Virgil I. Grissom - US Air Force
- UWalter M. Schirra - US Navy
- U-Alan B. Shepard, Jr. - US Navy
- UDeke Slayton - US Air Force
Uhlelo lwe-Astronaut Candidate Program
Uma unesithakazelo ekubeni ngumsizi wezinkanyezi, abasebenzi basebenzi bezempi kumele bahambise izicelo ze-Astronaut Candidate Program ngokusebenzisa inkonzo yabo.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili ngamasosha, inamba encane yezicelo ithunyelwa ku-NASA ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo. Uma kukhethiwe, abasebenzi basezempi baxhunywe ku-NASA isikhathi esithile esikhethiwe futhi bahlala esimweni sokusebenza esisebenzayo sokukhokha, izinzuzo, ikhefu kanye nezinye izindaba zempi ezifanayo.
Lokho i-NASA ibukeka kubakhanti
Nakuba i-post-baccalaureate degree ikhethwa, i-NASA ifuna izimboni ngezinga eliphakeme-ikakhulukazi ezigxile ku-engineering, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, isayensi yemvelo noma izibalo.
I-NASA ayibheki izitifiketi ezibhekene nezintsha. Abaqambi bemvelo kufanele babe "okungenani iminyaka emithathu yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisanayo, okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo," (Ukukhethwa kwe-Astronaut nokuQeqesha, i-PDF).
I-master degree ingakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sonyaka owodwa wale mfuneko, futhi udokotela angathatha isikhundla seminyaka emithathu yesidingo. Abashayeli bezindiza nabalawuli badinga amahora angu-1 000 okuhlangenwe nakho njengomshayeli-ngomyalo.
I-NASA ikhetha abakhethiweyo kusuka echibini elihlukahlukene labafakizicelo abanezizinda ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela ezinkulungwaneni zezicelo ezitholiwe, abambalwa kuphela abakhethiwe kuhlelo lokuqeqesha lwabadlali be-Astronaut.