I-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ichaza ubudlova basekhaya emsebenzini ngokuthi "noma yisiphi isenzo noma usongo lobudlova ngokomzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukwesatshiswa, noma ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okwenzeka emsebenzini."
Akunqunyelwe ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi-nge-abasebenzi. Ubudlova basebenza emsebenzini buhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zobudlova endaweni yokusebenzela ezifana nesigebengu sokuphanga isitolo esisebenzisekayo ngesibhamu noma isidakwa esisongelayo esongela i-bartender enqaba ukumkhonza futhi utshwala.
Ubudlova emsebenzini bungaba yingozi. Ngokusho kwe-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, ukubulawa kwabantu kwabulawa okungaphezu kuka-11% kokulimala emsebenzini ngo-2010. Ukuzibulala ngumbulali omkhulu wabesifazane emsebenzini.
Indima ye-OSHA ekuvimbeleni ubudlova basekhaya
U-OSHA yi-ejensi yokuqondisa kahulumeni wase-US mayelana nezinkinga zomsebenzi. Iyingxenye yoMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US. I-OHSA ihlola izindawo zokusebenzela futhi inikeza impendulo kubaqashi ngalokho abangayenza ukuze kuvimbele ukulimala emsebenzini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngodlame lomsebenzi.
Ngaphansi kwe-Occupational Safety and Health Act ka-1970, i-OSHA inikeza abasebenzi ngamalungelo amaningana:
- Ukucela ukuhlolwa komsebenzi
- Ukuze uthole imiphumela yokuhlola
- Ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo angokomthetho ngaphandle kokuphindisela nokubandlululwa ngumqashi
- Ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nemithetho ye-OSHA nokuthi isebenza kanjani endaweni ethile yomsebenzi
- Ukuze ubone amarekhodi ngokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi nezifo
- Ukubona amarekhodi abo kwezokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, abaqashi abazimele kanye nohulumeni bawela ngaphansi kwe-OSHA. Ngokusho kwe-OSHA, lo Mthetho awufihli "amalungu omndeni oziqashile, osheshayo abaqashi basepulazini abangaqashi abasebenzi abangaphandle, nezingozi zendawo yokusebenza ezilawulwa enye inhlangano yenhlangano."
Ukwamukela inqubomgomo yobudlova emsebenzini
I-OSHA isincoma ukuthi abaqashi bathathe inqubomgomo yokubekezelelana ngokubhekelana nodlame lomsebenzi obandakanya abasebenzi, izinkontileka, amakhasimende nanoma ubani omunye ongathintana nenhlangano. Inqubomgomo enjalo ingamvikeli kuphela abasebenzi kubudlova, futhi ivikela umqashi uma kwenzeka ubudlova.
Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe inqubomgomo yenhlangano, izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yobudlova, ekuboneni ubudlova okwenzekayo nokuthi bangabhekana kanjani nezimo ezinobudlova. Kuye inkampani kanye nesimo isisebenzi esithile esithatha, inkambo efanele yokusebenza ingase ihluke ekusingatheni izimo ezinobudlova. Isibonelo, umabhalane odayisayo kanye nesipolisi bazolandela ama-protocols ahlukene kakhulu lapho bebhekene nesimo esibudlova ngenkathi benza imisebenzi yabo. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi wokudayisa ekulindeleke ukuba agweme ubudlova kuzo zonke izindleko, iphoyisa lingase libhekane nesimo esinonya.
Izibonelo zobudlova basebenza emsebenzini kuhulumeni wase-US
Udlame lwasekhaya lwenze imiphumela emibi ngokuphathelene noHulumeni wase-US:
- Idijithi yaseMelika "eya eposini" yahlanganiswa ngokubhekiselwe kwichungechunge lwezigameko kusukela ngo-1983 kwabasebenzi base-United State Postal Service abasebenza ngokubulala izikhala ezindaweni zokuposa.
- Amaphoyisa aseLos Angeles abhekana nokudutshulwa kwezidakamizwa ngo-1992 ngemuva kokutholakala kwamaphoyisa amane e-LAPD asolwa ngokushaya umshayeli weloli wase-Afrika no-Rodney King.
- Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula emahhovisi kahulumeni njengamabhomu e-Oklahoma City ngo-1995, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-USS Cole ngo-2000 kanye nokuthunjwa kwamabhanoyi ngo-September 11 kanye nokuphazamiseka okulandelayo ngonyaka ka-2001 kungabhekwa njengodlame lwasemsebenzini. Ukuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba 11 kwakha ubudlova kwabasebenzi bezindiza, abahamba ngezebhizinisi, abasebenzi bePentagon nabasebenzi beWorld Trade Center.