Nazi Izindaba Nezibalo Okudingeka Uzazi Ngezobudlova Kwasemsebenzini
Ngokuqhubekayo, umsebenzi wezeMithombo YezeMvelo yilokho okuhloswe kwalezi zingongelo zokuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi kanye nendima yokuqala yokuvikela inhlangano yokuvikela ubudlova emsebenzini.
Yini ebangela ubudlova basekhaya? Ingabe izenzo ezinobudlova kungenzeka zenzeke emsebenzini? Yiziphi izenzo noma izinguquko ezitshela inhlangano ukuthi umuntu unekhono lokwenza isenzo sobudlova emsebenzini? Lesi sihloko mayelana nodlame lwasemsebenzini siphendula le mibuzo ngokuphepha nokuphepha kwabasebenzi bakho.
Izibalo Namaqiniso Ngezidakamizwa Zomsebenzi Ngaphansi Kwebhizinisi Lezibalo Zokusebenza
Ngokusho kwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Ukubalwa Kwamazwe Okulimala Kwabantu Abashonile (CFOI):
"Ukuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi-kuhlanganise nokuhlaselwa nokuzibulala-kubangelwa amaphesenti angu-15 azo zonke ukulimala okulimala emsebenzini ngonyaka ka-2015 (bheka iSilayidi 3 se-CFOI Ishadi Lephakheji ka-2015) ngokuya kwedatha." Esihlokweni sabo "Ama-Homicides ahlobene nomsebenzi: Amaqiniso, "U-Eric Sygnatur noGuy Toscano bathi" Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, iningi lalezi zigameko akuzona ubugebengu bokuzikhandla okwenziwa ngabasebenza nabo abahlukumezekile nabashadile, kodwa kunalokho kubangelwa ukuphanga. "Bheka leli tafula ukuze uthole idatha yakamuva ekubulaleni emsebenzini.
"Ngonyaka ka-2015, kwakungamacala angu-16,380 angabhubhi ngokulimala ngamabomu abantu abadinga izinsuku emisebenzini embonini yangasese, kodwa lokhu kwaba ngamaphesenti amabili nje kuphela okulimala nokugula okungekho okubulalayo embonini yangasese (bheka Ithebula R31.) "
"Kwakukhona ukulimala okungaba yizigidi ezingu-2.9 zezigameko zokugula emsebenzini kanye nezifo ezibikwa ngabasebenzi abazimele embonini ngonyaka ka-2015, okwenzeke ngesilinganiso sama-3.0 amacala angama-100 abasebenzi abasebenza ngokugcwele.
Isilinganiso sika-2015 siyaqhubeka nesimo sokuncipha ukuthi, ngaphandle kuka-2012, kwenzeke njalo ngonyaka iminyaka engu-13 edlule. Abaqashi bezimboni ezizimele babika cishe amacala angu-48,000 okulimala nokungabhubhi kwamacala ngo-2015 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ngaphambili. "
Izibalo Namaqiniso Ngezidakamizwa Zasekhaya Ngesiphakamiso Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwezobugebengu Kuzwelonke
Ngokwe-National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), ukuhlaselwa kwezigidi ezimbili nokusongelwa kwabaseMelika emsebenzini kubanjwa njalo ngonyaka. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlame wendawo yomsebenzi lwaluhlasela ngokulinganiselwa kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 zokuhlaselwa emsebenzini endaweni eyenzeka ngonyaka.
Ubudlova bezisebenzi zenzeke kanje: Ukuhlaselwa okungaphezu kuka-396,000, ukudlwengula okungu-51 000 nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuphanga okungu-84 000 kanye nokubulala abantu abangu-1 000 kubikwa. Lezi zibalo cishe zihluleka kwinani langempela lezenzo zokuhlukunyezwa kwendawo yokusebenza, eqinisweni, ezenzeke emsebenzini njengoba kungezona zonke izenzo zobudlova emsebenzini.
Ukwenza izibalo mayelana nodlame lwendawo yomsebenzi kunembile ngoba akubona bonke abasebenzi ababika ubudlova endaweni yokusebenzela kubaqashi babo kuncane kakhulu kuma-ejensi kahulumeni abheka izibalo zobudlova emsebenzini.
Izindawo Zokusebenzela Ezitholakala Ngodlame Lwasekhaya
Imithombo yezindaba idla ukukhathazeka izenzo zobudlova basekhaya okubandakanya abasebenza nabo-maduzane futhi ngokuqondile, amacala afaka ukudubula okusebenzayo.
Lapho behlushwa izigameko zobudlova basekhaya, basusa ukugcizelela ezihlosweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphepha emsebenzini.
Izigameko zobudlova bezisebenzi ezenzekayo zivame kakhulu ezimbonini ezithile nasemisebenzini ethile. Eqinisweni, isisusa esivame kakhulu sokubulala abantu ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi ukuphanga, kubalwa amaphesenti angama-85 okushona kwabantu abasebenza emsebenzini. Abantu abaqashiwe ukuthengisa imikhiqizo noma ukwenza izinto ngokuphepha emisebenzini ebhekene nomphakathi bajwayele ukuzwa ubudlova basekhaya.
Ngabe Izingozi Zobundlululo Bokusebenza Ziningi Kakhulu?
I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (i-NIOSH), inikeza ulwazi olukhombisa ukuthi ubani angaba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa komsebenzi, kodwa izingozi zikhulu ekuhlukumezeni komsebenzi kwezinye izimboni nemisebenzi ethile. Imikhiqizo ye-taxicab inobungozi obukhulu bokuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi, cishe izikhathi ezingu-60 isilinganiso sezwe sokuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi.
Ezinye izinto ezisengozini enkulu zibandakanya amaphoyisa, abahloli, abaphathi, abasebenzi beziteshi zegesi, nabalindi bezokuphepha. Esifundweni se-NCVS, echazwe ngaphambilini, izisebenzi zokuthengisa ezithengisa izisulu eziningi kakhulu, futhi ezingu-330,000 zihlaselwa unyaka ngamunye.
Amaphoyisa alandelwa ngamaphoyisa angu-234 200. Izingxabano phakathi kwabasebenza nabo kanye namakhasimende kanye namakhasimende bafaka cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintshumi zezimo zokuhlukumeza emsebenzini emsebenzini ngonyaka.
Ukulimala kakhudlwana komsebenzi kubangelwa izigameko zokuthutha kunanoma imuphi omunye umcimbi ngo-2014. Izigameko zomgwaqo zodwa zenza cishe ukulimala komsebenzi oyedwa kwabayisithupha.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba lesi sihloko sigcizelela ukuthi ubudlova bungenzeka phakathi kwabasebenza nabo, akukho nqubo yokuphepha ephephile emsebenzini ongayinaki iqiniso lokuthi udlame luvame ukuvela ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenzela.
Futhi angakwazi ukungaziboni iqiniso lokuthi ngokwe-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, ngo-2016, "Abaphangi babehlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlaselwa komsebenzi wokubulala abantu futhi okwesibili kakhulu kubantu besifazane. Inhlobo evame kakhulu yokuhlaselwa emsebenzini- Ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlobene nabesifazane kwakuyisihlobo noma umlingani wasekhaya. "
Ukuqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ubudlova basekhaya emsebenzini
U-Larry Porte, owayengummeli we-Secret Service kanye noMqondisi wangaphambili we-Impression Response kanye ne-Asset Protection Division ka-Kerby Bailey no-Associates, uthi ubudlova bendawo yomsebenzi kuyinkqubo engenzi lutho. "Udlame luwumkhiqizo wokuxhumana phakathi kwezici ezintathu:
- "umuntu othatha isenzo sobudlova;
- "izimo zokugqugquzela noma ezenza ukuba umuntu abone ubudlova njengendlela 'yokuphuma'; futhi
- "isilungiselelo esenza noma sivumele ubudlova, isilungiselelo lapho kukhona khona ukungenelela."
U-Porte uthi abenzi bokuhlukumeza emsebenzini basebenesinye sezizathu. Umuntu obhekene nodlame lwasemsebenzini ufuna:
- "ukufeza ukuhlonishwa noma udumo;
- "ukuletha ukunakekelwa kwezwe enkingeni yomuntu siqu;
- "buyisela impendulo engalungile; noma
- "ukuqeda ubuhlungu bakhe, ukubulawa."
Ukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwendawo yokusebenza "kuyimikhiqizo yezinqubo eziqondakalayo nezivame ukubonakala zokucabanga nokuziphatha."
Ekhasini elibalula amacala ayisishiyagalolunye ebudloveni basebenza emsebenzini ngo-2017, uBryan Strawser waseBryghtpath uthi, "Njengoba sisebenza ndawonye ukulwa nodlame lomsebenzi, inselele enkulu ukuthi akukho zenzakalo ezimbili ezifanayo. abasebenzi ngokuphanga bazama othile ukuthi bazimisele nje ukuthi banelutho.
"Njengoba lezi zenzakalo zingenakwenzeka ukubikezela, kubalulekile ukuhlakulela ukuqeqeshwa kobudlova obunamandla emsebenzini kanye nezinqubomgomo ukuze abasebenzi bakho bazi ukuthi babone kanjani izimpawu zokuxwayisa zakuqala futhi baphendule ngendlela efanele uma kwenzeka isimo."
Izimpawu Zokuthi Umqashi Ungase Abenze Ubudlova
UDkt. Lynne McClure, isazi esaziwayo ezweni lonke ekulawuleni izingozi zokuqashwa kwabasebenzi abangakahleleki ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubekele ezenzweni zobudlova, zichaza lezi zinqubo eziqondakalayo ngendlela eqondakalayo. Uthi kunezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zezibonakaliso eziyisixwayiso ezibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi udlame lwendawo luzosebenza.
Abaphathi bokuphatha, abaphathi, osebenza nabo, kanye nabaqeqeshi bezeMithombo yezeMvelo kudingeka badinga lezi zibonakaliso zodlame lwendawo zokusebenza . Kulula ukuphuthelwa uma ubheka ozakwabo futhi akuzona njalo ukubikezela izenzo ezinobudlova.
Ukulandela isimo sokuziphatha okubudlova emsebenzini, noma kunjalo, osebenza nabo bavame ukubona ukuthi babone izibonakaliso nezinguquko ekuziphatheni komuntu osebenza naye ngaphambi komcimbi futhi azange athathe isinyathelo. Eqinisweni, ukuqeqeshwa ekuqapheliseni izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi ekusebenzeni komuntu kungenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu amathuba okuvimbela ubudlova basekhaya.
Izithintelo ezingase zibikezele izenzo zobudlova emsebenzini
Encwadini yakhe, "Ibhizinisi Lengozi: Ukuphatha Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwabasebenzi Emsebenzini," uMcClure uchaza izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zendlela yokuziphatha engozini ebonisa ukuthi kunesidingo sokungenelela kokuphatha. Uthi lezi ziphambeko eziphezulu zokuziphatha ziyizimo zansuku zonke ezenzeka emaphethini athile-zenzeka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusongela noma udlame lwangempela lomsebenzi.
Izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zokuhlukumeza komsebenzi McClure zikhomba yizi ezilandelayo:
- Izenzo zokuziphatha: Isisebenzi senza intukuthelo yakhe ngezenzo ezinjengokukhamuluka, ukumemeza, ukuvula iminyango, ukuphonsa izinto, njalonjalo.
- Izenzo zokuhlukanisa: Isisebenzi asithathi umthwalo wemisebenzi yakhe futhi sibona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokho akwenzayo nemiphumela noma imiphumela yezenzo zakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, ubeka abanye icala ngamaphutha akhe .
- Ukuziphatha kwami-Okokuqala: Isisebenzi senza lokho akufunayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyini imiphumela emibi kwabanye. Isibonelo, isisebenzi sithatha ikhefu ngesikhathi sokugcina ngomzuzu wokugcina ukuthola imikhiqizo kumakhasimende, kuyilapho bonke abanye abasebenzi bebenza kanzima.
- Ukuziphatha okuxubile-abagibeli: Isisebenzi sisho kahle kepha asiphathe kabi. Isibonelo, isisebenzi senza ngendlela engacasuliyo ngokuthi ungumdlali weqembu , kodwa-ke, wenqaba ukwabelana ngolwazi nozakwabo.
- Ukuziphatha okukhuni kwezinkuni: Isisebenzi sinzima, singathandeki futhi silawulwa. Ngeke azame ubuchwepheshe obusha, afuna ukuba aphethe, noma anqabe ngenhloso ulwazi.
- Ukuziphatha kwe-Escape-Artist: Isisebenzi sibhekene nokucindezeleka ngokuqamba amanga kanye / noma ukuhlanganyela ekuziphatheni okuluthayo njengokudakamizwa noma ukugembula.
- Izenzo zokuzikhwabanisa: Isisebenzi ngokuzumayo senza ngezindlela ezingafani nobuntu noma / noma ngokweqile ngokweqile. Isibonelo, umuntu othembekile ngokuvamile uhluleka ukukhombisa noma ukushayela ogulayo emsebenzini. Umuntu ubonisa iphethini elisha lokuba khona.
- Izindlela zokuziphatha ezingenalutho: Isisebenzi sikude, sinamakhono omphakathi omphakathi, siqondiswa ngombono kanye / noma umuntu ngamunye.
Ngokusho kukaMcClure, "Uma umphathi, umphathi noma umuntu wakwa-HR ebona lezi zindlela zokuziphatha, kufanele abhale phansi , akhulume nesisebenzi , axoxe ngokuziphatha ngendlela engalungile emsebenzini, futhi adinga ukuqeqeshwa, ukwelulekwa, noma kokubili. futhi sibone isidingo sokuthathwa kwezigwegwe .
"Umphathi, umphathi noma umuntu ka-HR kumele aqhubeke nokuqapha ukuziphatha komsebenzi. Umgomo wukuthi uthola isisebenzi ukuthi sishintshe ukuziphatha kwakhe , ngokuthola amakhono kanye / noma ukubhekana nezinkinga, noma ushiye indawo yokusebenzela ngokukhetha noma inkampani . "
Izingosi Eziningi Nokuqaphelisisa Ukubuka Ekuziphatheni Komsebenzi
UHaig Neville ethi "Ukubhekana Nokuhlukunyezwa Kwemisebenzi" kubonisa izinkinga eziningana ezengeziwe. "Ucwaningo lwe-'New York Times 'lokubulala abantu abangu-100 ... lathola ukuthi iningi lababulali' lishaya phansi isikhathi eside, slide kancane, ngengqondo nangokomzwelo. ' Ngokombiko, ababulali abaningi banikeze izimpawu eziningi ukuthi babenenkinga. "
Ngalokhu engqondweni, abaqashi kufanele baqaphele ezinye zezibikezelo zokuziphatha kobudlova. Lezi zihlanganisa " abasebenzi abasebenzisa: ukusetshenziselwa ukwesatshiswa , ukukhuluma ngezikhali, ukubonisa ukuphikisana noma ukuziphatha okuphikisana nomphakathi, banomuzwa wokuthi abasizwanga yinkampani, baveze ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okukhulu, banomlando wobudlova, banesizungu abangafanelanga ngeqembu. "
Ngesikhathi uxoxwa no-Eric Snyder, uMongameli kanye noMphathi we-TCM, odlule, uMcClure uthe okungenani ezintathu zezixwayiso zalahlekelwa ngaphambi kokubulawa kwabasebenzi abayisikhombisa e-Edgewater Technology eWakefield, eMassachusetts ngoDisemba 26, 2000. (The isenzo esiphefumulelwe ukubulala okuningi, kuhlanganise nokubulawa kwamalungu amabili akwa-HR, kwakuyimfuneko ye-IRS ukuthi inkampani iqoqa inkokhelo kaMichael McDermott.)
UMcClure uthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sifunde ukuthi lo msebenzi ubekwe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwengqondo nokuphuza imithi. Ngaphambi kokubulala, nokho, wabonisa ukuziphatha okuhlukene; wabona njengesibophezelo senkampani ukumvikela ku-IRS. Wabonisa ukuziphatha kwe-shocker lapho izenzo zakhe zaziqhelile futhi zingabalingiswa.
Iviki ngaphambi kokubulala, "uMcDermott wayenomsindo othukuthele emsebenzini, owawubhekene nobudlova obukhulu kuye." Ekugcineni, uMcDermott wabonisa ukuziphatha kwe-shocker; "kubonakala sengathi wayekude, futhi walungiswa kwi-IRS nendima yenkampani ekuvikeleni kwi-IRS."
Izindleko Nethonya Lokuhlukumeza Kwasemsebenzini
I-Workplace Violence Research Institute yalinganisa izindleko zokuhlukumeza emsebenzini emsebenzini amabhizinisi ase-US at $ 36 billion ngonyaka. U-Neville uthi, "Izindleko zihlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nezengqondo, ukulahlekelwa kwebhizinisi nokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa nokuhlanza, izinga lokushuwalula eliphezulu, izindleko zokuphepha ezikhulayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukulahlekelwa kwabasebenzi abalulekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bebhizinisi baqhubeka bebophezeleka ngenxa yokwenza izakhiwo zabo ziphephile kubasebenzi namakhasimende. Izindawo ezingase zibe khona eziphathelene nokuhlukunyezwa okuhlobene nobudlova emsebenzini okumele kubhekane nabaqashi zibandakanya izenzo zomphakathi zokuqashelwa ngokweqile , izimangalo zempesheni zabasebenzi, izimangalo zezinkampani zangaphandle zokulimala, ukuhlasela kwezenzo zobumfihlo, kanye namacala okuphulwa kwe-Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA).
Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko Zokuvimbela Ukuhlukumeza Komsebenzi
Udlame lwasekhaya lwenzeka lapha. Udlame lwasekhaya lungenzeka kuwe noma othile omthandayo. Uma unolwazi futhi ulindile ngodlame lomsebenzi kanye nezibonakaliso zayo kubasebenzi, noma kunjalo, ungalindela futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezingavimbela ukuthi kwenzeke.
- Qala ngokwenza inqubomgomo yokubekezelelana nenoma yisiphi isenzo sobudlova emsebenzini.
- Yazi abasebenzi bakho; wazi lapho ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi kungekho okujwayelekile.
- Abaphathi bezitimela, abaphathi, kanye nezinye izisebenzi ezibika ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi okungavamile kuHulumeni lwaBantu kulindeleke futhi kube nesenzo esihle, esinomthwalo wemfanelo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakwa-HR bathatha isinyathelo kunoma yikuphi umbiko wokuziphatha okungavamile kwabasebenzi.
- Encwadini yesisebenzi sakho, sungula izinqubomgomo nezindawo zokusebenza zokuvimbela konke ukuziphatha okubudlova futhi unikeze izijeziso ezinzima kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ophula inqubomgomo.
- Uma isisebenzi siphula inqubomgomo, senze masinyane ukususa umuntu endaweni yakho yokusebenza ngokumiswa futhi njalo, ukuqedwa komsebenzi .
- Vumela noma yimuphi umsebenzi oqedile ukuthi uma ebonakala endaweni yakho yomsebenzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikhathini esizayo, uzobizela amaphoyisa futhi uzikhokhise ngokungekho emthethweni.
- Ukulondeka izakhiwo zomsebenzi wakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi kuphela nabathengisi abaqokiwe bangangena endaweni yakho yokusebenzela ngekhikhi noma ikhadi lokupaka.
- Dala uhlelo lokusebenza oluphuthumayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ubudlova basekhaya, wonke umsebenzi unecebo lokuphuma.
- Yenza imishini yokuqeqesha ehlekisayo nezikhulu zendawo zokuphatha umthetho.
- Misa ukuvunguza okungabangela ubudlova; unikeze umuntu onobudlova endaweni ethile ukucela usizo olufana ne-Employee Assistance Program (EAP).
Khumbula, ubudlova bendawo yomsebenzi kungenzeka kuwe noma umuntu omthandayo. Thola ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nenhlekelele yendawo yokusebenza .
Ukuziphendulela: Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ulwazi olunikeziwe, ngenkathi lugunyaziwe, aluqinisekisiwe ngokunemba nokufaneleka. Isayithi lifundwa yizethameli zomhlaba wonke kanye nemithetho yokuqashwa nemithethonqubo iyahlukahluka kusuka emazweni kuya emazweni nakwamanye amazwe. Sicela ucele usizo lwezomthetho , noma usizo oluvela kumbuso kahulumeni, we-Federal, noma we-International, ukuze wenze ukuthi incazelo yakho yezomthetho nezinqumo zakho zilungile ngendawo yakho. Lolu lwazi luyisiqondiso, imibono, nosizo.