Kodwa-ke, kunamakhono ambalwa ukuthi noma yikuphi umsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa kokugcina ozoyidinga - amakhono "okuyisisekelo" - nabanye abambalwa okufanele ucabangele ngokungenele ekungeneni kwakho kabusha.
Okudingeka Ukwazi
Dlulisa amehlo ohlwini lwemisebenzi ku-intanethi ukucinga ukuthi yini eyisihluthulelo sabathuthukisi bokuphela kokuqala ukuze bazi futhi baqonde; kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko.
Ayikho ingxoxo.
Futhi yizo:
- HTML
- CSS
- IJavaScript (jQuery)
Lezi yizinto eziyisisekelo. Ngenhlanhla, kunamapulatifomu amaningi wokufunda e-inthanethi mahhala noma angabizi lapho ungafunda khona lamakhono uma ungawabazi kakade.
HTML
Ulimi lwe-HyperText Markup, noma i-HTML, liyingxenye eyinhloko yokwakha yonke amawebhusayithi e-Intanethi. Njengoba uJennifer Kyrnin athi,
"Lulimi lwamakhasi ewebhu-ulimi lokumaketha oluphequlula iziphequluli ukuze lunike amakhasi ewebhu."
Amakhasi wewebhu angeke abe khona ngaphandle kwe-HTML.
CSS
I-CSS ne-HTML isebenza ndawonye: I-CSS ineza isitayela ku-HTML. Ngithanda ukusebenzisa ukufanisa ukuthi i-HTML ifana nesimo, futhi i-CSS ifana ne-makeup.
Nakuba i-CSS ayidingekile ukuthola i-intanethi ku-intanethi, ngokuyisisekelo yonke isayithi le-intanethi isebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesitayela.
Uma kungenjalo, bekuyoba mnandi kakhulu. Ngezinguqulo zamuva kakhulu ze-CSS, ungenza izinto ezinjengama-animations kanye nezitayela ezithuthukisiwe ezenzeka kuphela ngeJavaScript noma i-Flash esikhathini esidlule.
I-JavaScript
I-JavaScript, noma i-JS, iye yaqhubeka ngokushesha eminyakeni edlule. Inenhloso eminingi namuhla futhi ingasetshenziswa ekugcineni noma ekugcineni.
Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kokuphela kokugcina, i-JS ibalulekile ngoba isiza ukwenza amakhasi wewebhu asebenze. Ungenza izinto ezinjenge-polls yokudala, ukubuza noma ukwakha ukuthunyelwa.
Namuhla kunezincwadi eziningi ze-JS ku-intanethi ukukusiza ukuthi uthathe amakhasi akho wewebhu ezingeni elilandelayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba umthuthukisi wangaphambili, kufanele uqonde iJavaScript eyisisekelo kanye ne-JS library - jQuery ethandwa kakhulu.
Nice-to-Haves
Ngemuva kokuthi wehla phansi izinto eziyisisekelo, lawa amanye amakhono afanele ukuba nawo. (Futhi imisebenzi eminingi yentuthuko yangaphambi kokuphela ibheke kubo.)
I-MV * I-JavaScript Frameworks
Izikhombisi zeJavaScript zisiza ukuthi uhlele futhi uhambise ikhodi yakho.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwe-MV * (noma i-MVC) kuya, kunezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu ngaphandle: ezimbili ezithandwa kakhulu yi-backbone.js ne-angular.js.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukufunda uhlaka lwe-JS yingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yokuba umqambi wangempela we-front-end, kodwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthatha amakhono akho ezingeni elilandelayo.
Amathuluzi we-CSS
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlaka ze-JavaScript ezingenhla, amathuluzi we-CSS ngezansi kulula ukufunda. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokubheka:
Ama-Precompilers: Ukusebenzisa i-precompiler (noma i-preprocessor) inezinzuzo eziningi, ngokwenza ikhodi yokuhlanza ukugcina inhlangano. Yindlela elula yokubhala i-CSS futhi ikhuthaza i-DRY (Ungaziphindaphindi) izimiso. Ama-precompilers e-CSS adumile ayenaSass, Less, no-Stylus. Uma uqala nje, faka ekufundeni eyodwa.
Izinhlaka ze-CSS: Uhlaka lwe- CSS lusiza ukwandisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi ngamagridi akhiwe ngaphakathi nezinye izingxenye ze-CSS. Izibonelo ezimbili ezidumile ziyi-Bootstrap ne-Foundation.
Umklamo ophendulayo: Lezi zinsuku, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi ukuthi isayithi lakho kufanele likwazi ukuzivumelanisa nabo bonke. Umklamo ophendulayo kukusiza ukwakha amasayithi asebenza kuwo wonke amasayizi we-screen - ideskithophu, ithebhulethi, ne-smartphone. Ama-Framework afana ne-Bootstrap ne-Foundation anomklamo ophendulayo, ngakho-ke uma ufunda omunye walabo, usethe.
Ama-Front-End Amathuluzi wokwakha
Njengomthuthukisi, kufanele ukwazi ukuphatha ubukhulu befayela nekhono lokuhamba komsebenzi. Lawa mathuluzi angasiza.
Ukuphathwa kwephakheji: Kungaba nzima ukuhlela yonke imilabhu, impahla, njalonjalo, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu noma lapho usebenza neqembu.
Sebenzisa imenenja yephakheji, njengoBower, ukuze uthole konke ukuhlelwa nokugcina i-log yezibuyekezo zakho.
Yeoman.io: Uma ngezinye izikhathi unenkinga yokuthola amaphrojekthi phansi, sebenzisa i-Yeoman ukuqala ngokushesha ngamaphrojekthi bese uhlala uveza. Isebenza emgqeni womyalo.
Abagijimi bemisebenzi: Sebenzisa i-Grunt noma i-Gulp, ebuye isebenze emgqeni womyalo, ukucindezela amafayela nokwandisa ukuhamba komsebenzi. Bangakwazi ukwenza njengabahlanganisi be-Preassors Sass noma Abaphansi, futhi banama-plugin ahlukahlukene azincoma ezinye izici.
Isiphetho
Ngenkathi i-nice to haves ingase ibonakale iningi, cabanga ngabo njengamakhono okufanele wanezela phezu kwesikhathi. Izinto ezibalulekile ozozi ukuthi yi-HTML, CSS, neJavaScript.
Uma unamanye amakhono wewebhu , noma ngabe awukho ukuphela kokuhlobene, uwalethe etafuleni - njengokwakheka, ukuhlela ividiyo, i-SEO, njll. Awukwazi ukuthi inkampani ingayifuna .
Futhi ukuqagela ngani? Ungase ulungele kahle.