Ukujula Kakhulu Kangakanani, Ukusebenzisa I-Periscope, Imikhumbi Engaphansi Kwezinto Ezilahlekile Nokuningi
Imikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba iye yaba yinto ethandekayo kubantu abathandi be-Navy kanye nalawo malungu anesibindi futhi azinikezele, ukuphila emkhunjini we-Navy, nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo ekuvikeleni kukazwelonke kugcinwa ngasese. Ababizi yiNsizakalo Ethulekile. Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, izikebhe zasemanzini eziphethwe amandla enyukliya ziye zadlala ingxenye ebalulekile ye-nuclear yenu yonke phakathi kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nokuzama ukulwa neMpi Yezobuphekula ezinezikhali eziphambili kakhulu.
Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo evamile mayelana nemikhumbi yamanzi, ngolwazi oluhlonishwayo yi-United States Navy Submarine Force:
I-Submarine ihamba kanjani?
Imikhumbi yamanzi ihamba phezu komhlaba ngokusebenzisa amathangi e-ballast agcwele umoya. Kukhona ama-valve phezulu kwamathangi e-ballast avuliwe uma sekuyisikhathi sokuba umkhumbi wamanzi ungene. Njengoba umoya ubalekela, amanzi olwandle afika ngaphansi kwe-tank. Lokhu kwenza okuncane kunzima bese kugcizelela. Kuthatha abantu abane emsebenzini wokushayela i-submarine noma ebusweni noma efakwe ngaphakathi. Amalungu angaphambili aqokiwe ayingxenye ye-helmsman ne-planesman. Bahamba ngakwesobunxele futhi beya phezulu futhi behla besebenzisa phansi ukulawula ukulungisa i-rudder kanye nezindiza zokudiza. Iphoyisa eliphetheyo liyisithunywa sokudilika esibheka zonke izenzo zabo. Ilungu lesine leqembu lokubuka, uMqondisi we-Watch, lihlala eduze futhi lisebenza nge-Ballast Control Panel (BCP). I-BCP ilawulwa yi-ballasts engena ngaphansi komkhumbi futhi igcine i-buoyancy ne-trim lapho igcwala amanzi.
Umkhumbi wamanzi uhamba kanjani?
Enye indlela umkhumbi womkhumbi ongabhekana nayo ungabizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma phezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umoya ophezulu wokucindezela uphuthunyiswa emathangi e-ballast ukuze kufakwe amanzi asolwandle. Kuyisisindo samanzi olwandle agcina amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho ukuhamba kwawo kwenza ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kube phezulu.
Enye indlela ukushayela phezulu. Umkhumbi wemikhumbi unamabhanoyi eduze kwesiqu saso, umnsalo kanye nendawo enkulu. Ngokubathukuthelisa, umkhumbi wamanzi ungasukuma njengoba uhamba. Ngesinye isikhathi, umoya ophansi ongaphansi kwengcindezi ungaphoqa amanzi asolwandle avela emathangi e-ballast ukuze agcine ehamba phezu kwamanzi.
Ukwazi Kangakanani Ukuya Emkhunjini?
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa. Okushiwo yiNavy Navy ukuthi imikhumbi yabo engaphansi komhlaba ingafaka ngaphansi kwezingu-800. Kodwa azihambeli ngokujulile njengoba i-subs yokucwaninga ehlola phansi ulwandle.
Kude Kangakanani Ukuhamba Ngaphansi Kokuhlala Ngaphansi Kwamanzi?
Amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi aseNavy asebenzisa amandla eNavy angakwazi ukuhlala egcwele isikhathi eside. I-air ayiyona inkinga njengoba i-oxygen yayo yenza i-oxygen yayo futhi igcine umoya uhlanzekile. Imingcele yokuthi bangahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi kungukudla nokunikezwa. Imikhumbi yemikhumbi ngokuvamile igcina ukudla kwezinsuku ezingu-90 zokudla, ngakho-ke bangachitha izinyanga ezintathu ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi (hhayi manje asetshenziswe yi-United States Navy) anomkhawulo wezinsuku ezimbalwa ezigcwilisiwe. Abakwazanga ukugijima izinjini zokuphefumula ngenkathi zigcwele ngaphakathi futhi kwakudingeka zithembele kumandla ebhetri nama-motors kagesi lapho ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bodingeka baphakamise futhi basebenzise i-snorkel mast ngendiza ye-injini ye-diesel ukuze ivuselele amabhethri futhi ishintshe umoya omusha.
Ungakwazi Yini Ukubona Ngaphandle Uma Umanzi?
Cha, i-Navy submarines ayinawo amawindi noma ama-portholes ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukubukela impilo engaphansi kwe-undersea. Ama-submarines ane-periscopes kuphela yombono ongaphandle, futhi lawo asetshenziselwa kuphela eduze, ubuso obuningi be-periscope (PD). Abahamba ngezinyawo bangabheka cishe ama-degrees angu 360 nge-periscope ukuthola ezinye imikhumbi nezindiza endaweni futhi bathole ulwazi oluthile abahlose ukuhlasela noma ukuthutha ukugwema. Ama-submarines asebenzisa i-sonar uma efakwa ngaphakathi ukuze athole ulwazi ngezinhloso zesitha, indawo engaphansi kwamanzi, nezinye izingozi.
Yini Ebukeka Ngayo NgamaPisciscope?
I-moderniscisces yanamuhla ayinayo kuphela imigqa egciniwe oyijwayele ama-movie asendulo, nayo ibona umbono ebusuku, ividiyo futhi namanje amakhamera, ukukhuliswa nama-antenna angaphakathi.
Uyazi kanjani ukuthi uhambaphi ngaphansi kwamanzi?
Ukuzulazula kusethwe yi- Navigators ye-Undermarine ne-Quartersmasters futhi iholwa ngamakhompyutha emkhunjini.
Basebenzisa amashadi okuhamba olwandle. Umkhumbi uthola izibonakaliso ezivela kumaStellellite e-Global Positioning System (GPS) lapho usondelene ngokwanele ukuze usebenzise i-antenna. kanye ne-Quartersmasters basebenzisa amashadi okuhamba olwandle. Bayakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa i-sextant uma ebusweni.
Ungabe Uzwa Ama-Wave Ngomkhumbi Wamanzi Uma Kuphansi Kwamanzi?
Ngokuvamile, isikebhe esingaphansi komhlaba angeke sithule ngokunyakaza kwamaza emoyeni. Kungenxa yeziphepho ezinamandla kunazo zonke nezinkanyezi ezithinta ukunyakaza okufinyelela ezingamamitha angu-400 ngaphansi komhlaba. Kulezi zimo, imikhumbi yangaphansi komhlaba ingathatha umqulu ongu-5 kuya kweyishumi.
Indlela Yokuhamba Ngomkhumbi Ngangashesha Kanjani?
Lokhu kufakwa futhi. Kodwa-ke, i-US yamandla angaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angahamba ngokushesha kunamamayela angu-23 ngehora, okungamakhilomitha angu-37 ngehora noma ama-knots angu-20 (ama-nautical miles ngehora) ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Kungani Umkhumbi Wemikhumbi Ungase Uhambe Ngokushesha Ngaphansi Kwamanzi Kuneziqhingi?
Ukuphakama Kwendawo: Ukubunjwa kwebhokisi lokudonsa izinyembezi kuvumela umkhumbi wamanzi ukuba uhlambuluke phakathi kolwandle uma kunamanzi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi - kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezibucayi zendlu. Kodwa uma kusenhla, isebenzisa amandla ukukhiqiza umvuthwa womnsalo futhi uvuke. futhi amandla amancane afakwa ekuqhumeni. Imiklamo yemikhumbi yeMpi Yezwe II kanye nomkhumbi wamanzi wokuqala we-nyukliya, i-USS Nautilus , yayinezintambo ezincane zokuhamba ngokushesha kunokuba zenze ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Uthola kanjani umoya emoyeni?
I-submarine inezintambo zokufinyelela ukuletha emoyeni wangaphandle uma ku-port, kanye nesigqila se-snorkel ukuletha emoyeni ngenkathi kungena ngaphansi kwe-periscope ukujula. Uma sekugcwiliswe ngaphansi kwe-periscope ukujula, izinto zilokhu zihlanza umoya wokusebenza okonakele nokukhiqiza oksijini ukuze uvuselele umoya. Ikhwalithi yomoya iyaqhubeka ihlolwe. Muva nje, i-Navy ivinjelwe ukubhema emanzini amancane. Babevame ukubhema endaweni ekhethiwe emanzini yasemanzini kuphela lapho beqhamuka futhi bethola umoya omusha futhi babememezela ukuthi "isibani sokubhema sibhekile".
Ukhuluma kanjani?
Imikhumbi yemikhumbi isebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukuxhumana nezinyawo ezisogwini nemikhumbi, ngqo noma nge-satellite. Amanqamuzana angathumela futhi athole kokubili ulwazi lwezwi nokungeyona yezwi. Abahamba ngezinyawo bangathumela futhi bathole i-imeyili ngenkathi kuhamba futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe ngenkathi elwandle. Amakhophi namaphakheji akhululwa uma esisechwebeni. Bangasebenzisa futhi umsakazo we-Low Low Frequency (VLF) ohamba ngaphansi kwamanzi ekujuleni kwe-60 ft ku-3-30 kHz.
USanar Usebenza Kanjani?
I-Sonar (i-SOV NAvigation ne-Ranging) isetshenziselwa ukubona imikhumbi nemikhumbi yamanzi, futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingasebenzi futhi ezisebenzayo. Nge sonar esebenzayo, i-puls of sound iyadluliselwa futhi igxuma ezintweni emanzini. Kuzwakala sengathi izimpendulo ozizwile kumabhayisikobho mayelana nama-submarines. Imishini ilalela ukubuyiswa kwesignali esibonisiwe ukuze ikhombise isiqondiso nesivinini sento. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhumbi nemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba ingazwa lezi zimpawu ze-sonar esebenzayo futhi wazi lapho umkhumbi wakho wemikhumbi. Sonar Passive ulalela umsindo ovela ezintweni, kuhlanganise neminye imikhumbi nemikhumbi yamanzi. Awukushiyi isikhundla sakho. Abasebenza nge-sonar abanekhono banganquma izimfanelo eziningi zemikhumbi, imikhumbi yamanzi nempilo yasolwandle kusuka kulezi zimpawu. Umkhumbi wamanzi ungase uzwe umkhumbi kanye nolwandle olukhulu (amawhales / dolphins) miles away.
Ubalekela Kanjani Umkhumbi Womoya Wokudoba?
I-Navy submarines ineziqu ezimbili zokuphunyuka, ezifana nokukhiya umoya futhi zingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokubalekela. Ungagqoka umlondolozi wokuphila ophethe i-hood ehlinzeka umoya wokuphefumula, bese ufaka i-trunk yokuphunyuka. I-hatch ephansi ivaliwe, i-trunk igcwalisa amanzi futhi ifika ekucindezelweni kolwandle. Khona-ke i-hatch yangaphandle ivuliwe futhi ugeleza phezulu.
Abantu Basindiswa Kanjani Emkhunjini Wase-Sunken?
I-Navy inezinhlanzi zokulondoloza ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Deep Submersible Rescue Vehicles (DSRV), njengoba kubonakala kuma-movie, Hunt for Red Okthoba , noma iGrey Lady Down . Bangakwazi ukunamathela kwisitokisi sokuphunyuka somkhumbi wamanzi obangelwe futhi bathathe abasebenzi. Uhlelo lokusindisa isizukulwane esilandelayo lubizwa ngokuthi i-Submarine Rescue Diving and Recompression System.
Ingabe Unayo Yonke Imithombo Yase-Nuclear Yase-US Elahlekile?
Amabili alahlekile. I- USS Thresher (i-SSN 593) yanyuka ngo-Ephreli 10, 1963 ngenkathi kuhlolwa kwezilwandle kanye ne- USS Scorpion (SSN 589) yalahleka ngoMeyi 27,1968 ngesikhathi ivela ekuthunyelweni olwandle lwaseMedithera. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II yodwa, amaphuzu angaphansi kwamapayipi angu-52 alahlekile. Lokho kwakungomunye kuwo wonke ama-submarines angu-5 owashaywa noma olahlekile. Ngaphambi nangemva kweMpi, cishe abangaba ngu-20 balahlekile ngenxa yezingozi.
Zikuphi i-Submarine Museums?
I-Navy inamamyuziyamu amabili asemthethweni azinikezele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye nempi e-undersea:
- I-US Navy Submarine Force Museum - Ifaka i-USS Nautilus , i-USS George Washington ne-USS X-1. Groton, Connecticut.
- I-Naval Undersea Museum: Keyport, Washington.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhumbi yangasese eboniswa kumamyuziyamu. Ungabathola nge-intanethi yokusesha iminyuziyamu yasemanzini.