Ukucubungula Izinketho Zezinkokhelo Uma Uhlola Iphakheji Lokubuyisela
Ukwakheka kwengqikithi yokukhula kwenkampani kunganikeza umfutho owengeziwe emsebenzini, futhi kuye kwasiza abasebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani - kuhlanganise ne-Microsoft, i-Amazon, i-Google, ne-Facebook - ukwakha ingcebo enkulu.
Uma ucabangela noma uqhathanisa iphakheji lesinxephezelo ngezinzuzo zezinketho zezinkokhelo, qondisisa ukuthi izinketho ze-stock zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zingabaluleka yini.
Iyini inkokhelo ye-Stock?
Ukukhethwa kwesitoko kunika isisebenzi ukuthi sikwazi ukuthenga amasheya esitokisini samanani ngentengo ethile, kungakapheli isikhathi esithile. Intengo iyaziwa ngokuthi intengo yesibonelelo noma intengo yesiteleka , futhi ngokujwayelekile isekelwe inguqulo esaphungisiwe yentengo yesitoko ngesikhathi sokuqasha. Ukuthenga amasheya esitokisini ngentengo yesibonelelo eyaziwa ngokuthi usebenzisa izikhetho zakho.
Abasebenzi abasebenzisa izinketho zabo bese bethengisa amasheya abo ngenkathi inhlanhla yenkampani idayisa kakhulu kunokuba inani lentengo likwazi ukwenza imali eningi. Isibonelo, tshela unenketho yokuthenga amasheya angu-5000 ku-$ 10 futhi uthengise isitoreji ku-$ 50, nokutshalwa kwezimali okungu $ 50,000 ogcina nge $ 250,000.
Abasebenzi bafika kanjani imali ukuze basebenzise izinketho futhi bathenge isitoko?
Ungasebenzisa ukulondolozwa, ukuqhubekela phambili kwemali evela kwesinye ukuthengiswa kwesitoko, noma ukuboleka ku-akhawunti ye-brokerage bese uyibuyisela emuva ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-stock options amalungiselelo ngokuvamile atholakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abasebenzi akudingeki ukuthenga amasheya ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphansi kwesimiso sokuvota esivamile, isisebenzi singase sibe namaphesenti angu-25 kuphela okukhethwa ngawo emva komnyaka owodwa, amaphesenti angu-25 nonyaka amabili nokunye, kuze kufike amaphesenti angu-100 anikezwe ngonyaka noma amane.
Isikhathi sibalulekile, noma kunjalo. Uma intengo yamasheya ihamba ngokunciphisa kunenani lentengo, lokho okushiwo ukuthi kungaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusebenzisa okukhethwa kukho akusizi ngalutho uma isisebenzi singathenga amasheya esitokisini samanani kancane emakethe evulekile.
Izinhlobo zezinketho ze-Stock
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinketho zesitoko: izinketho zokubambisana zamasheya okukhuthazayo (ISOs) kanye nezinketho ze-stock ezingaqinisekisiwe (ama-NSOs). Iningi labasebenzi bathola ama-NSO, athengiswa ngentengo esaphulelo futhi ekhokhiswa intela yamanani entela ejwayelekile. Ama-ISO afanelekayo, avame ukugcinwa kubasebenzi abaphezulu kanye nabasebenzi abakhulu, abakhokhiswa intela ephansi ezuzwini, okukhishwa ngamaphesenti angu-20 ngenzuzo yokutshala izimali ezigcinwe isikhathi eside kunonyaka.
Ukushaya intela kwenzeka uma izinketho zisetshenzisiwe, ngakho ukhokhela intela yentela noma intela yokuthola imali kuncike ekutheni ukhetho lwakho lufanelekile, ngokususelwa entengo yesibonelelo. Uma ususebenzisa okukhethwa kukho, ungathengisa amasheya ngemuva kwesikhathi esincane sokulinda, noma ubambe amasheya bese ulinda isitoreji ukuba sande ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Abanye abatshalizimali bahlawula amabhethri abo ngokwenza kancane ngayinye.
Kungani Abaqashi Banikeza Izinketho Zamasheya?
Uma igcinwe kuphela ithimba eliphezulu, izinketho zamasheya zaba yindlela ethandwayo yokunciphisa ngesikhathi se-tech boom ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990.
Eqinisweni, i-NCEO ibika ukuthi kunabasebenzi abangamaphesenti angu-30 abanokukhethwa kwezitoko ngonyaka ka-2001 kunokuba ngo-2014. Emuva ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona impendulo eminingi yokuphumelela kwempahla yamasheya, futhi izinhlobo ezithile zabasebenzi zazifuna umqondo wobunikazi endaweni yabo yokusebenza eya ngaphesheya kokukhokha. Izinketho ze-Stock zinikeze indlela yokunikeza wonke umuntu enkampanini ingxenye eyengeziwe ekukhuleni kwebhizinisi.
Ngo-2001, izinketho eziningi zazingaphansi kwamanzi kangangokuthi zalahlekelwa ezinye zezikhalo zabo phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Kodwa ezweni lama-start-ups, abantu abawanele bacebile kakhulu kusuka ekukhethweni kwamasheya ukuthi bahlala ithuluzi elihle lokuheha ithalenta lokuqala.
Kunezizathu ezihlukahlukene zokuba abaqashi bafuna ukunikeza izinketho zezitoko. Isamba senkampani esinezinzuzo singakhuphula isinxephezelo sesisebenzi esithembekile ngaphandle kokulimaza inzuzo.
Ukuthenga izinhlelo kungasiza ukwakha ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside phakathi kwabasebenzi. Umqondo wokubambisana ubunikazi ungaba nesimiso esinamandla senkampani. Abaqashi bakusiza ekukhuliseni inkampani hhayi nje njengabasebenzi, kodwa njengabanikazi bamasheya.
Kubasebenzi, ukukhethwa kwamasheya kungabangela ingcebo enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma ujoyina inkampani ngesikhathi sokuqala noma esikhulayo. Ehlangothini lwe-flip, lezo yizinkampani ezingase zihambe ngaphansi ngezinketho zezinhlamvu ezingenamsebenzi ezisele ngemuva.
Konke mayelana nesikhathi, okungenye yezinketho eziphansi zezinketho zabasebenzi kubasebenzi abangayinaki. Izinketho ze-Stock zinezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi ngeke zibe yize uma zigcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa ukhetha ukuthi uzozivoca nini ngaphambi kokuba izinketho ziphelelwe isikhathi zingase zibe nzima nakakhulu.
Ikamu elilodwa lisho ukuthi usebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ulinde intengo enkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungase uzibeke engozini ukulinda isikhathi eside futhi ulahlekelwe ukuphakama, noma usebenzise isikhathi sokuqala futhi ungaphutheli ukukhula. Ayikho impendulo efanele. Izimo zixhomeke enkampanini yakho, emakethe, noma kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezinto ongahle ukwazi ukubikezela.
Ingabe Kufanele Ukhethe Umsebenzi Ngezinketho?
Konke okulinganayo, ukukhethwa kwamasheya ngokuvamile kuwuhle kakhulu. Nakuba zinikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa ingcebo enkulu, noma kunjalo, kunakho okungahle kwenzeke ukudumala okudumazayo. Uma wamukela umsebenzi ngezinketho zezitokisi, kuyasiza ukubuza ummeleli wemithombo yabantu uma kukhona isiqondiso noma iseluleko sokusiza ukuhlunga izinketho zamasheya kwabasebenzi.
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