Umgudu Wokuvumela Isimiso
Ngaphambi kokuba i-federal agency ingakhishwa imithetho, kumele ibe negunya elisemthethweni lokwenza kanjalo.
I-Congress yase-US ivame ukudlula imithetho eqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukukhipha imithetho. Umthetho onjalo unikeza le nhlangano isiqondiso somgomo jikelele kodwa ushiya imininingwane kubaqondisi bomphakathi ochwepheshe. Ngaphezu kokusebenza ngaphakathi kwemithetho yokuvumela, ama-ejenti kumele ahambisane noMthetho Wezinqubo Zokuphatha olawula i-rlemaking federal.
Ngesikhathi iziphathimandla zokubhalisa iziphathimandla zingase zibonakale njengokuphula ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla okubalulekile kuhulumeni waseMelika, izinhlaka zikahulumeni zingase zenze imithetho kuphela ngaphakathi kwegunya elisemthethweni elinikezwe yiCongress. Le mithetho yokuphatha ivumela izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuthi zithinte kakhulu emithethweni engabathinta ngqo. Izakhamizi zinikezwa amathuba okuphakamisa ulimi lokubaluleka kanye nokuphawula kuma-ejensi olimi. Ukubandakanyeka komphakathi kubangele ukukhiqiza imiphumela engcono yomgomo womphakathi kunalokho okuzokwenziwa eCongress.
Kungenxa yokuthi iCongress ivulela ochwepheshe bezinkampani ezindabeni amalungu amaningi eCongress azi kangako akusho ukuthi ama-ejensi ase federal angagijima.
Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo ye-rulemaking iphelile, iCongress ingaqhubeka ibuza abaholi be-ejensi ngezinqumo abazenzayo ohlelweni lwe-rulemaking.
Ukuhlela Okulawulayo
Izinhlangano ze-Federal zidinga ukukhiqiza amadokhumenti okuhlela i-rulemaking. Le mibhalo inika umphakathi isaziso ngomsebenzi we-rulemaking ozayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ama-Agencies enza uhlelo lwezokulawulwa unyaka ngamunye ekwindla kanye ne-Agenda yeMisebenzi yokuLawula kanye nokuHlanyiswa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Bonke babizwa ngokuthi i-Agenda Ehlanganisiwe.
Ukubandakanya Abathintekayo
Imithethonqubo ayikwazi ukukhishwa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imithetho kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yemithetho ephikisana nenkantolo, ama-ejensi ahlanganyela nabathintekayo ohlelweni lwe-rulemaking. Bangakwenza lokhu ngokusemthethweni nangokwemvelo. Ama-ejensi abamba iqhaza ngokubambisana nabathintekayo ngokuxhumana nabathintekayo abazi futhi baqoqe okokufakwayo ngaphambi kokuba imithetho ibhalwe futhi ngesikhathi sokubhala. Ukubandakanya abathintekayo ngokusemthethweni, izinhlaka zithumela isaziso esiphuthumayo se-Rulemaking ehlongozwayo kwi-Register Federal. Isaziso siqala inqubo yokuphawula ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimeme sokuphakanyiswa komphakathi esenzeke uma kuhlongozwa imithetho.
Isiphakamiso
Ngemuva kokucwaninga ngendaba ekhona futhi ecela ukufaka okuvela kubathintekayo, abasebenzi base-federal ababhekene nemithetho yokubhala baqhekeka. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amazinga afanelekayo wokuphathwa kwe-agency agunyaze imithetho ehlongozwayo, i-ejensi inika Isaziso seRulemaking ehlongozwayo kwi-Federal Register. Isaziso sinamalungu amaningana:
- Isifingqo: Isitatimende esichaza ukukhishwa kwamakheli ehlongozwayo nemithetho nendlela umbuso okhuluma ngayo.
- Izinsuku: Usuku lapho isikhathi sokuphawula esidlangalaleni siphelile.
- Amakheli: Izindlela isakhamuzi noma iqembu elingase libeke ngayo imibono emithethweni ehlongozwayo.
- Ukwaziswa okungeziwe: Ingxoxo ngezinzuzo zomthetho ohlongozwayo, idatha ebalulekile kanye nolunye ulwazi olusetshenziselwa ukubhala phansi, incazelo yezinqumo zenqubomgomo yomphakathi eyenziwe kanye nesitatimende segunya lomthetho sokumisa umthetho ohlongozwayo.
Amazwana womphakathi
Isikhathi sokuphawula somphakathi sinikeza izakhamizi kanye namaqembu ezithakazelo ithuba lokuzisa imibono yabo mayelana nomthetho ohlongozwayo. Ngokufanelekile, abantu abaningi namaqembu athambekele ekuphawuleni umthetho ohlongozwayo uzobe esebenziwe yi-ejensi ngaphambi kwesiphakamiso. Ngisho nemizamo engcono kakhulu yokubandakanya abathintekayo ngeke ifinyelele kubo bonke abahlaziyi, ngakho-ke ukuphawula komphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni ye-rulemaking.
Izikhathi zamazwana zigijimela izinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-60, kodwa ezinye izikhathi zokuphawula ziphelile izinsuku ezingu-180.
Izikhathi zokubeka isikhathi eside zihlinzekwa ngemithetho enzima kakhulu. Ama-oda akhetha ukuthola amazwana ngokusebenzisa i-portal inthanethi yokubeka ukubeka amazwana. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-elekthroniki kusiza ama-ejenti ukuba alandele amazwana.
Uma i-ejensi ithola ukuphawula okuphawulekayo ngokumelene nomthetho ohlongozwayo, ingabuyekeza imithetho ngokucabangela imibono futhi kumele idale imithetho. Ukubuyekezwa akudingeki uma i-ejensi ingakholelwa ukuthi ihamba ngendlela efanele nemithetho; Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi i-agency izobukeza ngezindlela ezithile. I-ejenti iqinisekisa ukuthi izikhundla zenqubomgomo ezithatha isinqumo esilandelayo.
I-ejenti ingase iphinde ikhiphe uma ingenelisekile ngekhwalithi yamazwana ayitholayo ngesikhathi sokuphawula. Ngeke ubuyekeze imithethonqubo yesiphakamiso esilandelayo uma ifuna nje ukuphawula okwengeziwe.
Umthetho Wokugcina
Uma ngabe umthetho uhlongozwa, ubeke amazwana futhi ubuyekezwe njengoba kudingekile, usulungele ukushicilelwa njengombuso wokugcina. Yimaphi ama-ejenti ashicilelwe kwiRejista Yase-Federal yokubusa kokugcina ifana kakhulu neSaziso se-Rulemaking ehlongozwayo. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuthumela imibono sishintshwa usuku oluthile lwemithetho. Lolu suku luvame ukungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ngokushicilela umthetho wokugcina.
I-ejensi iphinde isabele ekugxilweni okuyinhloko esigabeni Sokwaziswa Okungeziweko. Lokhu kusiza umphakathi ukuthi uzwisise umqondo we-ejensi ngemuva kokubuyekezwa okwenziwe kumthetho ohlongozwayo nokuthi kungani ungafaki imibono.