Ama-5 W
Iningi labantu lizwile ngama-5 W, ngisho noma bengakaze bathathe isigaba se-journalism.
I-W's in question, njengoba mhlawumbe uyazi, ibhekisela ku-Who, What, When, Where and Why ukuthi yonke indaba kufanele ikwazi ukubhekana nayo. Kuye ngokuthi indaba iyini, kanjani nokuthi uphendule kanjani lawo W's angashintsha. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, ubika ngokudubula idolobha edolobheni, cishe uzoqala lapho kwenzeka khona ubugebengu (yimuphi umgwaqo noma indawo yedolobheni ephepheni lendawo) nokuthi ubani ohilelekile (uma ungenayo i- Sinamagama noma abantu bayizakhamuzi ezihlala njalo, ungabhekisela ekubambisaneni okuphawulekayo uma, kuthi, isisulu futhi ucatshangelwa ukuthi umenzi wobugebengu yizingxenye zamagciwane).
Ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imininingwane yokunikeza umfundi, futhi nini, kuyisihluthulelo ekwakheni indaba. Impendulo, yebo, incike emaqinisweni. Uma usebenza kule ndaba engenhla, futhi ukubulala kwenzeka njengenye yezintambo zobugebengu obufanayo, okungenzeka kube iphuzu ovula indaba ngayo.
Uma, nokho, indaba ekhonzwe ngenhla igxile kumuntu wokubhala edutshulwa, lokho kungaba yilokho oqala khona ucezu lwakho.
(Indaba ngegama elidumile elidutshulwa liyindaba ehluke kakhulu kuneyodwa ngokuyimfihlo. Lezi zinsuku zingase zikhulume ngokuqhubekayo nodlame lwendawo yangakini ngenkathi yangaphambili iyindaba futhi yodwa - umuntu o-X ubulewe futhi yilokho okushiwo yi-X umuntu wayaziwa.)
Ukudweba i-Lede
I-adede, ebizwa ngokuthi i-journalism slang term yomusho wokuqala noma amabili endabeni (ie ukuhola), yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo.
Udinga ukugwema abafundi ngokukhamba kwakho futhi, kwezinye izimo (njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla), udlulisele izingxenye ezibalulekile zendaba yakho. Udinga ukudweba umfundi ngesikhathi umtshela ukuthi kungani indaba ibalulekile.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokubhala, akukho mithetho eqinile futhi okusheshayo mayelana nalokho okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu. Ukushintsha okuhle ukuhamba kuncike endabeni oyibhalayo. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokujwayele ukuthi ufunde kahle kangakanani. Funda izindaba eziningi ezahlukene. Funda izindaba zezindaba. Funda izici. Funda izibuyekezo.
Ama-ledes ahlukahluka kodwa kodwa uzoqala ukubona amaphethini futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-ledes oyithandayo futhi uzizwa ziphumelela. Ungathola ezinye izinto eziyisisekelo ezivela kule Nyuvesi yase-Arkansas nge-ledes, kodwa ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngikulandela ngokufunda okuningi.
Ukuthola i-Nutgraf yakho
I-nutgraf, elinye i-journalism slang term, ukufingqa lokho okushiwo yindaba. I-nutgraf (eyabhalwa ngokuthi "i- nut graf ") ingaba umusho noma isigatshana futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ingase ibe yilelo lakho. Ama-Nutgrafs abalulekile kakhulu.
Abanye bangase baphike ukuthi bayinhliziyo yendaba ngoba badlulisela ukuthi kungani indaba ibalulekile. I-nutgraf idinga ukubhekana nokuthi kungani indaba ibhaliwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucezu lufana nento efana nokubulala okushiwo ngenhla, noma iphrofayli yodumo oludumile.
Njenge-ledes, i-nutgrafs ihlukahluka ngokulandelana kusuka endabeni kuya endabeni. Ama-Nutgrafs angase abe nzima nakakhulu ukubona ukuthi kune-ledes ngakho-ke ukuzivocavoca okuhle ukufunda izindaba eziningi ezahlukene bese uzama ukuthola i-nut graf. (Uma wenza lokhu ngaphandle kwesilungiselelo samakilasi, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuthola umuntu ongakwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kokuthola kwakho nawe.)
Yeka ukuthi isitayela singena kanjani ku-Play
Izinto eziyisisekelo ezichazwe ngenhla zisebenza ngokuqondile kuzo zonke izindaba kodwa, ngokusobala, indaba yakho yezindaba zakudala. Lokho kusho ukuthi zonke izindaba zinezintambo kanye ne-nutgrafs, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithini noma zitholaphi. Lezi zakhi zisetshenziswe ngokuhlukile, futhi kaningi ngokuzenzekelayo, ezincwadini ze-journalism zesikhathi eside nezindaba zesici, kodwa zisesekhona. Izindaba zonke (ezinhle) zine-ledes ne-nutgraf.
Ngiye kwenye indawo kule sayithi ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuba umlobi ongcono ukuthi ufunde kabanzi.
Ngithole lesi seluleko futhi ngiyazi abanye abanikezile. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubona ukuthi izakhi eziyisisekelo zokubhala izindaba zingasetshenziswa kanjani ezindabeni ezihlukene zasendle ukufunda, emuva emuva, izingcezu ezintathu ezihluke kakhulu. Ngalesi sifundo, ngiphakamisa ukufunda indaba ehola kunoma yiliphi iphepha elikhulu.
Ikhasi eliphambili lephepha (inthanethi futhi liphrinta) linikeza izindaba ezinkulu kakhulu zosuku futhi lapho uzothola ngqo, izindaba ezinzima. Kungenzeka kube yendawo, kungenzeka kube ngamazwe ngamazwe. Bese uthinta ingxenye yezici zephepha. Hlola isigaba sezobuciko seThe Times noma, sisho, isigaba se-Arts & Living seWashington , futhi ufunde ukubuyekezwa, bese kwenzeka enye indaba yokuthambekela.
Bese ufunda uhlamvu olude lwe-journalism kumagazini onjengeThe New Yorker noma u- Esquire . (Ku -New Yorker cishe wonke ama-athikili, gcina izibuyekezo nezicucu ze-Talk of the Town, yisibonelo se-journalism yesikhathi eside.) Manje cabanga ngokuthi uhlamvu ngalunye luhluke kanjani. Thola i-nut graf endabeni ngayinye futhi unake ukuthi inani ngalinye lihamba kanjani. Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izindaba zinezitho zomzimba ezitholakala ngezansi, kanti ezinye ziqala nge-nut graf.
Phawula ukuthi i-nut graf ibonakala kanjani ezindabeni zezindaba ngaphandle kwezici noma izindaba zomagazini. Zonke lezi zindaba zithembele ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zokubhala izindaba kodwa zenze ngezitayela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuvumelana kuhle ukunikeza umqondo wobuningi be-journalism, nokuthi indlela ehlukene yokubhala izindaba ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokuhlukile.