Ngokusheshisa kakhulu ekuqalisweni komshini wokunyathelisa ngo-1456, okushiwo nguJohannes Gutenberg, futhi uneziqalo zokuhlakazeka kolwazi, okungukuthi izindaba.
Ngokushesha futhi futhi, kuya kuma-1920, futhi sibona ezinye zezinto ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwezintatheli zemithombo yezindaba, njengamazinga ochwepheshe we-journalism adalwe futhi avunyelwe.
Iyini i-Journalism?
Ukubhaliwe kwezindaba kubika izindaba. Futhi, njengoba ngiphawula lapha , izinto eziyisisekelo ziyi-5 W's: Who, What, Where, When and Why of a story. Nakuba ukunyathelisa izintatheli zihambisana nesitayela esinqinile sokuthi baveza kanjani indaba, kunezihloko ezihlukahlukene ezibikiwe. Uma uchitha noma yiliphi iphephandaba elikhulu, njengeThe Washington Post noma iThe New York Times , uzoqaphela zonke izigaba ezahlukene. Ukuzivocavoca okuhle ukuzwa imihlobo ehlukene yezindaba ezibikwe ukuhlola uhlelo lwezimpelasonto zamaphepha amakhulu - uzobe uqaphela ukuthi konke okuvela ekuhambeni ukuya ezemidlalo kuya ebhizinisini kuya kwezobuciko kuya kumasiko.
"Izinhlobo" ku-Journalism
Ngaphandle kwezihloko ezehlukene ezibikwa ku-journalism, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokudlulisa indaba.
Ngamafuphi, kunezitayela ezahlukene noma "izinhlobo" ze-journalism. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zihlanganisa journalism yophenyo (lapho intatheli ezama ukuveza ukungalungi ngokulandela indaba cishe njengomtshina); kanye nefomu elide noma indaba yezindaba, eyaziwa nangokuthi "journalism entsha" (yiziphi izindaba ezinde futhi cishe ezinjenge-prose-like).
Kukhona nokuphikisana phakathi kwezici, ezingase zimboze umuntu noma umkhuba, futhi izindaba eziqondile ngqo, ezithumela ulwazi ngqo ngokuthile okwenzekile.
Ukufunda Kuloludaba
Lokhu okushiwo yi-rundown enhle kakhulu ye-journalism, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukufunda okuningi mayelana nensimu uma kukuthandayo. Ukuze kuphele lokhu kukhona ezinye izincwadi, kusuka ezindlini eziqondile ngokubhala izindaba ezilandelanayo zothando (futhi ngezinye izikhathi) zokuba intatheli:
- Izinyathelo Zokubhaliwe Kwezincwadi Zomthethosivivinywa uKovach noTom Rosenstiel: Le ncwadi iyimbumbulu enhle ngokusekelwe kokubhala izindaba.
- Umhlahlandlela ohlanganyelwe we-Associated Press we-News Writing : Omunye umhlahlandlela omuhle wokubika okuqondile kwezindaba.
- I-New New Journalism kaRobert Boynton: Iqoqo elihle lokuxoxisana nabanye abakhokheli bezintatheli ezindala abasebenza namuhla. Okuhle kakhulu ngoba abathwali bezindaba babelana ngemikhuba yabo yokusebenza nokuthi baqala kanjani embonini.
- I-Mammoth Book of Journalism: 101 Imicikilisho evela kubalobi abaPhezulu nabathengi abahlelwe nguJon Lewis: Njengoba ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ngokumane ukubhala okuhle ukuba umlobi ongcono, leli qoqo yindawo enhle yokuqala. Kuyo uzothola izingcezu ezinye zezikhanyiso ensimini, wonke umuntu ovela eHemingway waya e-Orwell.
- Ukwesaba nokuzonda eLas Vegas nguHunter S. Thompson: Benzani amadoda amabili enemoto-egcwele izidakamizwa eziphuma ngaphandle kwe-bender eVasgas ephathelene ne-journalism? U-Thompson, ohlonishwayo ngokudala i-Gonzo Journalism - isitayela sakhe samahhala senziwe ukuthi uyifaka ezindabeni zakhe - iyinhloko enkulu ensimini. Ukuqalisa, le ncwadi iyathokozisa kakhulu. (Hlola futhi ukwesaba nokulahlekelwa: Emgwaqeni Wokukhankaso , lapho uTh Thompson ekhuluma khona ngo-'72 umjaho wezomongameli ... njengenhlonipho nangokwedluza kuze kube phakade.)
- Udla, amahlumela & amaqabunga kaLynne Truss: Ngisho noma ungahle uhlele ukuba umhleli wekhophi, kufanele ube nokuningi kwamakhono okuguqula amagama. Futhi lo mhlahlandlela omncane omncane wezimpawu zokubhala uveza isihloko esibukeka sengathi siyabuhlungu kakhulu kumnandi.
- Izinto ezenziwe ngu-William Strunk no-EB White: Njengoba singakwazi ukukhuluma ngolimi futhi singalokothi sichaze incwadi yesilasi esihlokweni, ngiyeluleka ukuhlola le ncwadi encane; kungumgomo wangempela, owashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngo-1957, ngezici eziyisisekelo zokubhala.
- Abafana eBhasi nguTimothy Crouse - I-akhawunti ethandwa kakhulu yesikhathi sikaCrouse elandela ukhetho luka -72 lwengameli njengomlobi "ebhasini," okungukuthi ukuhamba nabathengi (okufanayo no-Thompson kulokhu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla kwesaba nokukhwabanisa Umzila womkhankaso) uNixon noMcGovern.