Ukuhlola kweqiniso kungomunye walezo zinto ezikhulunywe ngaso sonke isikhathi embonini ukuthi abantu abaningi abangaphandle kwezwe abezindaba abazi okuningi kakhulu. Into esemqoka i-fact-checker ihamba phezu kwezindaba ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa zonke amaqiniso ngaphakathi kwayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuqinisekisa konke kusukela eminyakeni yobudala kulokho abakushoyo.
Indlela Abahloli Beqiniso Abaqinisekisa Ngayo Ukunemba
Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwesihloko, umhloli weqiniso kufanele athembele kumakhono amabili: ucwaningo oluzimele futhi, ngezinga elithile, amakhono okubika . Uma intatheli enza ukufakazela endabeni - isibonelo, uChristopher Columbus weza eMelika ngo-1492 - umhloli weqiniso kudingeka aqinisekise lokhu kuyiqiniso.
Ukwenza kanjalo kuzodinga ukucwaninga amaqiniso futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenze izingcingo ukuze uqinisekise lawo maqiniso. (Uma ngabe umhloli weqiniso uqobo, tshela, eqinisekisa isihloko somuntu okhulunywe endabeni, angeke amane nje ngokuthi i-Google leyo isihloko. Esikhundleni salokho, bayombiza lowo muntu, noma inkampani umuntu osebenzela kuyo, ukuze athole ulwazi.)
Enye into enkulu i-fact-checker iyayikhuluma nemithombo. Umhloli weqiniso kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi konke okushiwo intatheli ethi othile uthi, empeleni, uthe. Lokhu kusho ukubiza imithombo ekhonjiwe esiqetheni noma echazwe futhi ehamba ngezitatimende zabo nabo.
Lapho Ikhono Lomhloli Weqiniso Lifika Ngayo
Uma umsebenzi wokuhlola weqiniso uzwakala kalula, akunjalo. Kukhona ngempela ikhono elincane elihilelekile, ikakhulukazi ekukhulumeni nemithombo. Ngaphandle kokudinga amakhono amasha okucwaninga - nokuba nesimiso sokwazi uma iqiniso liqinisekisiwe - umhloli weqiniso ufanele ukwazi ukuqinisekisa imininingwane ngomthombo ngaphandle kokukhipha, noma ukuguqula, indaba ngokwayo.
Lokhu kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wezintatheli ngokuvamile uthola ukuthi umuntu angasho okuthile abangase bangathandi ukusho, umhloli weqiniso kufanele aqaphele imithombo eguqule izingqondo zabo emva kweqiniso. Ngokuvamile, uma unikeza umthombo ithuba lokubuyela emuva kulokho abakushoyo, bangase bafise sengathi babesho izinto ngendlela ehlukile futhi bazame ukushintsha amazwana abo okuqala. Umhloli weqiniso ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akukwenzeka kodwa namanje uqinisekise ukuthi ukucaphuna noma ukuhlukaniswa kwemifanekiso kunembile.
Ukufanekisa ubuciko obuhilelekile ekuhlolweni kweqiniso, isibonelo singase sisize. Ake sithi uhlola indaba mayelana nokubulala, indoda ebulala umkakhe, endaweni esithule e-suburban. Le ndaba inombhalo ovela kumakhelwane womshado ohamba kanje: "Ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi uRob wayengamantongomane." Manje yisitatimende esinamandla kakhulu. Lapho uhlola lokho okushiwo umakhelwane, ufuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ungamniki ithuba lokushintsha lokho akushilo.
Uyenza kanjani lokhu? Kungaba buqili. Abantu bavame ukuthi abahloli beqiniso akufanele bafunde umthombo wabo ngokuqondile ngqo. (Emva kwakho konke, uma uthi kumakhelwane: "Uthi, 'Ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi uRob wayengamantongomane'?" Umakhelwane angaphendula kahle ukuthi akacabangi ukuthi uRob uyinothi.
Ucabanga ukuthi uRob angase angabhuqwa, mhlawumbe, kodwa hhayi amantongomane.) Umhloli weqiniso udingekile ukwenza le kholi. Ngokuvamile umhloli wokuhlola uzodinga ukubuyela emuva nangemuva ngomthombo futhi iningi lengxoxo ingase ihlanganise umehluko phakathi kwalokho umthombo ocabanga manje nokuthi umthombo uthini ngaleso sikhathi.
Abamaphephandaba Basadingeka Ukuhlola Imininingwane
Impendulo esheshayo yalo mbuzo ngu, yebo. Abahloli beqiniso abakho khona ukuze ababhali bezindaba babe nobuvila. Zikhona njengendlela yesibili yokuzivikela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphutha awawenzi. Kubekhona abahloli bezomthetho bangaphambi kwezomthetho ukuze, uma othile ethukuthele futhi esongela ukufakazela okuthile endabeni, incwadi inabantu abaningi abangakwazi ukuqinisa ubuqiniso bamaqiniso.
Uma, isibonelo, umthombo uthi baxoshwe esicuceni futhi basongela ukusola ngakho, kungcono ukuba nomlobi wezindaba (onethemba lokuthi unamazwana alotshiwe) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthiwa kanye nomhloli weqiniso ongasho ukuthi futhi ukuqinisekisile.
Yeka ukuthi Iziphambeko Zisaphila Ngisho Ngamaqiniso Abahloli
Abahloli beqiniso abakho kuwo wonke amazinga abezindaba. Nakuba omagazini abaningi basebenzisa ama-fact checkers, amaphephandaba, kanye nabamemezeli bencwadi abakwenzi. Abezindaba abasebenza ephepheni lansuku zonke kumele bahlole umsebenzi wabo bese bethembele kumhleli wabo, ngokuqinisekile, ukubamba noma yimaphi amaphutha.
Lokhu akunjalo, njalo kwenzeka. Abamemezeli bezincwadi abanakho iminyango yocwaningo futhi bancike kubalobi ukuveza amaqiniso eqiniso emisebenzi yabo. Ngenkathi kokubili amaphephandaba nabamemezeli bezincwadi beqaphile kakhulu ngokuqamba amanga, abasebenzisi imali noma bavumele isikhathi esengeziwe, kungathatha ukuthi bahlole lokho abakushicilelayo.
Iqiniso lokuhlola ama-Scandals
Enye yezinkathazo ezinkulu ukugcizelela ukuthi abashicileli bezincwadi abaqapheli ukuthi kwenzekani noJames Frey kanye nemithi yakhe yokulutha izidakamizwa, A Million Little Pieces . Inkumbulo ingukuthi, ngencazelo, iqiniso: Yingxelo engeyona inganekwane yomlando womuntu othile.
Ngenkathi ithegi igcizelela ukuthi amaqiniso aziswa ngenkumbulo, umsebenzi akufanele uguqule ngokuphawulekayo noma ushintshe umugqa wesikhathi noma izenzakalo ekuphileni komuntu. Ishicilelwe ngo-2003, le ncwadi yayiyi-hit enkulu yomshicileli we-Doubleday (umshicileli we-Random House) futhi wasuka ngempela ngemuva kokukhethwa ku-club ye-Oprah.
Ngalo-ke, ngo-2006, iwebhusayithi ye-website ethi thesmokinggun.com yakhipha umbiko wokuthi uFrey wayesebenze amakhophi amakhulu endabeni yakhe, egcizelele irekhodi lakhe lobugebengu kanye nokungaziphathi kahle ayenayo phakathi neminyaka yakhe njengomlutha. Le ndaba yaphuma futhi yashiya abaningi emaphepheni abezindaba ukuthi kungani kubhalwa abamemezeli abaqapheli ngempela izincwadi zabo. Izindaba ezifana nalezi e-Wall Street Journal zivele zikhuluma nombuzo lowo.
Ezinye izihlamba eziye zafika, lokho kuthinteka eqinisweni ukuhlola okungacacile, sebenzisa izintatheli zakha imithombo. Ngenhlanhla uSteplica Glass eNew Republic Republic noJayson Blair eThe New York Times banamaphephandaba amabili ababili phakathi kwezinto ezihlambalaza lapho benza khona imithombo namaphuzu.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, kule nkathi ye-HBO ibonisa i-Wire - lo mbukiso isethwe ku-Baltimore futhi ukugxila kwalesi sizini kuyimidiya - leyo nto iyadlalwa. (Lo mdwebo uhlanganisa isakhiwo lapho intatheli eqala ukukhipha izingcaphuno ukuze uthole izindaba ezingcono.)