I-Top International Art Biennales (i-Biennials)

by USusan Kendzulak

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyipela indlela yaseYurophu 'biennale' noma indlela yaseMelika 'biennial', okusho okufanayo: umbukiso we-mega owenziwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.

I-Biennial yaba umbukiso obalulekile wezobuzwe emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi phakathi nawo-1990 futhi yahluma emadolobheni amaningi. I-Biennial nayo yasiza ukuguqulwa kwezinto zobuciko ezivela ezindaweni ezinkulu zobuciko ukuya kwezinye izindawo, ngenkathi kusiza imboni yezokuvakasha yendawo.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 no-2000, izingqungquthela eziningi kanye nemibhalo efundiswayo yahlola ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kwe-Biennial njengomqondo. Omunye umbhalo onjalo yi-The Biennial Reader anthology.

01 I-Venice Biennale

I-Venice Biennale ingumkhulu wabo bonke. Eyasungulwa ngo-1895, lapho izitebe zezwe zihamba khona, ubuciko bezizwe ezihlukahlukene baboniswa eGiardini (IJardin), ehlangene emiphakathini eminingi kazwelonke, ngamunye nomlando wayo ohlukile wokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo.

Umbukiso omkhulu uye wanda ngobukhulu kulo lonke idolobha laseVenice, emiphakathini emisha kanye namasayithi okumboniswa okwenziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Venice Biennale yenzeke kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba phakathi neminyaka yekhalenda engenakulinganiswa.

02 Sao Paulo Biennial

I-São Paulo Biennial yaseBrazil yaqala ngo-1951 futhi yenzeke phakathi neminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Yiyona enhle kakhulu futhi endala kunazo zonke eziseMelika futhi ihlanganisa ubuciko obuseBrazil, i-Latin American kanye namazwe angaphandle emibonisweni yayo ehlelekile.

03 idokhumenti

idokhumenti eKassel, eJalimane ayiyona into enhle, ngoba ibanjwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, kufana nokuhlonishwa nokubaluleka ngezinsizakalo eziphezulu zomhlaba kanye nezinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqala kwayo, abalingiswa bezobuciko kubandakanya abaculi, abaqaphi, abaqondisi bamamyuziyamu, abagxeki, abathengisi bezobuciko, njll evela emhlabeni wonke. Isungulwe ngo-1955, i-documenta ingenye yemibukiso emikhulu yokubukwa kwemidwebo.

04 Biennele yaseSydney

I-Biennale yaseSydney e-Australia yasungulwa ngo-1973, okwenza kube yi-3 ye-biennial endala emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane, imbukiso ye-mega yenziwa kulo lonke idolobha laseSydney.

05 Havana Biennial

I-Havana Biennial eCuba yaqala ngo-1984 futhi iyaziwa ngokubonisa ubuciko obungasentshonalanga ikakhulukazi abaculi baseLatin American naseCaribbean.

06 Istanbul Biennial

Istanbul Biennial eTurkey yaqala ngo-1987 futhi kwenzeka ekuwa kweminyaka engavamile. Ngomunye wemidwebo yobuciko ehlonishwa kakhulu yezobuciko bomhlaba jikelele.

Njengamanye ama-biennials amaningi, i-curator yobuciko ikhethwe ikomidi. Umqaphi wabe eseqala umqondo , isihloko kanye nohlu lwabaculi bezembukiso.

Esinye isici esiyinhloko sama-biennials ukuthi akuzona imiboniso ye-museum eyingqayizivele, kodwa kunalokho ihilela wonke umuzi ekuzilungiseleleni kwawo, ngakho-ke izingxenye zombukiso we-biennial zenzeka emakhandlini, ezimbonini ezishiyiwe, amapaki omphakathi, ama-waterfronts, njll. Kuzoba nama-seminar , ama-workshops, izinkambo, ukuhlolwa kwefilimu, njll.

07 Lyon Biennial

I-Lyon Biennial eLyon, eFrance yasungulwa ngo-1984 futhi ibanjwa kusukela ngoSeptemba kuya kuDisemba eminyakeni engakahleleki. Kuhlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yemibukiso yayo ye-thematic ngokucophelela.

08 Dak'Art

I-Dak'Art Biennial ye-Contemporary African Art eDakar, eSenegal yaqala ngo-1992 futhi ibanjwe ngoMeyi phakathi neminyaka edlule. Ihlanganisa ubuciko obukhona be-Afrika.

09 I-Sharjah Biennial

I-Sharjah Biennial iqhutshwa eSharjah, e-United Arab Emirates. Isungulwe ngo-1993 njengombukiso wezobuciko wendawo, ngo-2003 ukugxila kwashintsha ukwenza kube yi-art contemporary art biennial.

Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 10 Berlin Biennial

I-Berlin Biennial itholakala eBerlin, eJalimane, enye yezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba jikelele zomculi zomhlaba wonke. Elandelwa ngemuva kokubukwa kwe-Aperto eVenice Biennale, i-Berlin Biennial yasungulwa ngo-1998 ukugqugquzela ubuciko besikhathi samanje nokubonisa ukubaluleka komuzi njengendawo ebalulekile yobuciko.

I-Shanghai Biennale

Shanghai Museum, eminyakeni edlule. Isithombe sihloniphekile i-Shanghai Museum.

I-Shanghai Biennale eChina yaqala ngo-1996 njengombukiso wabaculi bendawo basebenzisa amasu omdabu waseChina wokudweba inkinobho. Ngonyaka ka-2000, umbukiso wesimiso owawuhlotshiswe nguHou Hanru uveza ubuciko bekhono, ukufakwa kobuciko, abezindaba ezintsha, ividiyo kanye nobuciko bedijithali ukwakha i-biennial yamazwe ngamazwe.

Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 12 Yokohama Triennial

I-Yokohama Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane eJapane, eduze neTokyo, ineminyaka eyikhulu futhi ayiyona inzuzo, ngakho-ke kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emithathu esikhundleni sezinto ezimbili. Yasungulwa ngo-2001.

13 iSingapore Biennale

I-Singapore Biennale isanda kuqalwa njengoba yaqala ngo-2006. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo, ubuciko bezithombe zombuso wesifundazwe buye kwaqina futhi i-Biennale iboniswe ukuthi iyathandwa kakhulu nezivakashi.

U-Whitney Biennial

I- Whitney Biennial edumile yaseNew York yenzeke eMgungundlovu yaseMgungundlovu futhi ibonisa izinto ezivela kuzo zombili abaculi abavela emazweni aseMelika nabasungulwe. Ngokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbukiso othanda ukuzonda.

Buka Kufakiwe 15 Manifesta

I-Manifesta , ebizwa nangokuthi i-European Biennial of Contemporary art yaqala ngo-1996 futhi iqhutshwa endaweni ehlukile ye-European non-art centre njalo eminyakeni emibili. I-Manifesta yenzeke eRotterdam, eLandaland, eLjubljana, eFrankfurt, eSan Sebastian, eTrentino-South Tyrol naseMurcia.