Imisebenzi
Izazi zezilwane zezilwane ziyizilwane zezilwane ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekucwaningweni kwezinsiza ezincane ezenza izifo ezithathelwanayo ezilwaneni zezilwane. Lezi zinhlaka ezibangelwa izifo zingafaka amabhaktheriya, ama-virus, ubuthi, nama-parasites.
Imisebenzi yezilwane zempilo yezilwane ingase ihluke ngokusekelwe endaweni yabo ekhethekile kodwa iningi lizohlanganisa ukuhlola izicubu zezilwane nezikhukhula, ukuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwebholakhompuyutha ephakeme kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile, nokuhlinzeka ngokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe lapho kuceliwe abasebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Iziningi zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane zisebenza esibhedlela futhi zigcine amaholide avamile.
Ngokuvamile izilwane ezincane zezilwane zihileleka ekuthuthukiseni imithi, izidakamizwa nezinye izinto zempilo yezilwane. Bangase baqhube nokuhlola ucwaningo lwesayense futhi bashicilele imiphumela emaphephandabeni abuyekezwa kontanga.
Izinketho zemisebenzi
Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zingakwazi ngokukhethekile ezindaweni eziningana ezifana ne-bacteriology, i-mycology, i-virology, i-parasitology, noma i-immunology. Bangase bagxile ucwaningo lwabo ngesilwane esisodwa esithile noma iqembu lezintshisekelo.
Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zingathola umsebenzi ngezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene kubandakanya abakhiqizi bezentengiselwano zemikhiqizo yezempilo yezilwane, amakholeji namayunivesithi, ama-laboratories okuxilongwa, ama-laboratories ocwaningo kanye nama-ejensi kahulumeni. Izindawo zingabandakanya ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukufundisa, noma izincomo.
Imfundo Nokuqeqesha
Izidakamizwa zezilwane zezilwane kumele zigcwalise izinga leDokotela weVeterinary Medicine (DVM) nezidingo ezengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba zifanele ukuhlala ukuhlolwa kwesiqinisekiso kule ndawo ekhethekile.
Kuncike ekutheni umfakisicelo unezindizakalo ezimbili ezizimisele ukuxhasa uhlelo lwabo, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zemfundo abangafanelekela ngazo ukuhlolwa.
Umzila wokuqala udinga ukuthi ozobhapathizwa aqede i-Ph.D. i-degree ngokugxila kakhulu ku-veterinary microbiology (okubandakanya i-bacteriology, i-mycology, i-parasitology, i-virology, ne-immunology).
Umzila wesibili udinga ukuthi ozobhapathizwa ukuba agcwalise i-Master degree kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe olwengeziwe olulingana nalolo oluzozuza nge-Ph.D. u-candidate. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okungeziwe kungabandakanya izindima zocwaningo lwesikhathi esigcwele, ukufundisa eyunivesithi, noma ukuqhuba in laboratory yokuhlola. Umzila wesithathu awudingi i-Master's noma i-Ph.D. i-degree, kodwa lowo ozobhalwa kumele abe nesipiliyoni esilinganayo futhi akhombise amazinga anemithwalo yemfanelo emsebenzini wawo.
Isitifiketi sebhodi ukuhlola ngokwayo sinezingxenye ezimbili. Iyokuqala ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiology (nge-240 imibuzo eminingi yokukhetha). Owesibili ukuhlolwa okhethekile kwenye yezindawo ezine: i-bacteriology / i-mycology, i-virology, i-immunology, noma i-parasitology. Izivivinyo ezikhethekile ziqukethe imibuzo eyi-100 eminingi yokuzikhethela ehlola ulwazi olusebenzayo usebenzisa amaslayidi nezinye izinsiza ezibukwayo. Abafakizicelo bangathatha eyodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu, noma zonke izivivinyo ezine ezikhethekile ngokuvunywa kwebhodi le-ACVM kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngemuva kokuqedela izigaba ezijwayelekile kanye nezikhethekile zokuhlolwa, lowo ozobhapathizwa kumele athumele imibuzo engaba ngu-10 engaba khona ukuze kusetshenziswe izivivinyo ezizayo. Uma uphumelele kuzo zonke izindawo, umuntu ozobhalwa yi-candidate unikezwe isikhundla se-diplomate emkhakheni wezilwane zezilwane zezilwane.
I-American College of Veterinary Microbiologists (i-ACVM) ilawula ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisiwe okhethekile okukhethekile kwezilwane zezilwane e-United States. I-American Veterinary Medical Association ibike ukuthi kwakunezingxoxo ezingu-216 emkhakheni wezilwane zezilwane ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngoDisemba ka-2011. Kwakukhona ochwepheshe abangu-42 ku-bacteriology / microbiology, izazi ezingama-48 ezikhungweni ze-immunology, izazi ezingama-60 ku-microbiology jikelele, kanye nochwepheshe abangu-66 i-virology.
Umholo
Izidakamizwa zezilwane zezilwane zingalindela ukuthola amaholo aphezulu . Abaningi bezokwelapha bezilwane bahola imali engaphezu kuka-100 000 000 ngonyaka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomsebenzi wabo. Izikhundla ezimbonini ezizimele zivame ukuba namazinga amakhulu kakhulu ezinxephezelo zendima yocwaningo nophuhliso.
Ucwaningo lwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) lwezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile (ezingezona zezilwane) lubonisa ukuthi inkokhelo yomphakathi yalaba ososayensi yayiyizigidi ezingu-65,920 ngonyaka ngonyaka wezi-2010.
Amaphesenti ayishumi aphansi azuze ngaphansi kuka-$ 39,180 ngonyaka ngenkathi amaphesenti ayishumi aphezulu athole okungaphezulu kwama-$ 115,720 ngonyaka.
I-Outlook Outlook
Ngenkathi i-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) ingahlukanisi ukhetheka kwezinto eziphilayo zezilwane ezivela emtholameni eqoqwe kuzo zonke imisebenzi yezilwane, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi kuyoba nephethini lokukhula okuqhubekayo kulo lonke ulwazi lwezokwelapha. Inani lokulinganisa lokukhula lilinganiselwa ukuthi likhulu kunezingamaphesenti angu-36, isilinganiso esishesha kakhulu kunanani lokulinganisa ukukhula kwazo zonke izisebenzi. Lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe amathuba okuthola amathuba okusebenza kuwo wonke abafundi bezilwane eziqeda iziqu bese befaka umkhuba ochwepheshe.
Inombolo encane kakhulu yezilwane zezilwane eziqinisekisiwe zezilwane kufanele ihumushe ekufuneni okuqinile kwalabo abakwazi ukuqedela iziqu ezinzima nokuhlolwa ukuze baqinisekiswe kule nkambu ekhethekile.