Ikomidi le-Equal Employment Commission (i-EEOC) liyinkampani yenhlangano ephikisana nemithetho yokuvimbela ukubandlululwa komsebenzi.
I-EEOC iphhenya amacala okubandlululwa futhi izama ukuxazulula lapho kubandlululwa ukubandlululwa. Uma amacala angeke akwazi ukuxazululwa, i-EEOC ingafaka isicelo senkantolo egameni lomuntu ngamunye noma umphakathi jikelele. (Nokho, amanothi e-agency, "Nokho, asihambisani nokugwetshwa kuzo zonke izimo lapho sithola khona ukucwaswa.")
Ngaphandle kokuphenya izikhalazo nokubhekana namacala okubandlulula, i-EEOC iqhuba izinhlelo zokufinyelela ekuvimbeleni amacala ozayo okubandlululwa. I-EEOC ifakwe eWashington, DC, futhi ineamahhovisi angama-53 kuwo wonke ama-United States.
IKhomishana ye-Equal Employment Commission (EEOC)
Umthetho ohlanganiswe yi-EEOC uhlanganisa imithetho evimbela ukucwaswa, ukuhlinzeka ngokukhokhelwa okulinganayo, nokugunyazwa ukufinyelela okulingana nomsebenzi kubantu abafanelekile abakhubazekile. Le mithetho ihlanganisa:
Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oMphakathi ka-1964 (Isihloko VII), esivimbela ukucwaswa komsebenzi ngokususelwa emncintiswaneni, umbala, inkolo, ubulili, noma isizwe.
Izinkontileka zikahulumeni kanye nabasebenzisana nabo kumele bathathe isinyathelo esiqinisekisayo ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo emisebenzini ngaphandle kokucabangela ubuhlanga, umbala, inkolo, ubulili noma isizwe esivela kuwo. Abaqashi banqatshelwe ukubandlululwa kunoma isiphi isigaba sokuqashwa kubandakanya ukuqasha, ukuqasha, ukukhokha, ukuqeda, nokukhushulwa.
Isihloko VII sisebenza kubaqashi abanabasebenzi abangaba ngu-15 noma ngaphezulu, kanye namakholeji namayunivesithi (kokubili zomphakathi nezangasese), izinhlangano zomsebenzi, nezinhlangano zabasebenzi ezifana nezinyunyana.
I-Civil Rights Act ka-1964 nayo yakha iKhomishana ye-Equal Employment Commission.
I-EEOC kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqiniswa kwabasebenzi be-LGBT
Ngokusho kwe-EEOC, ukuchazwa kwe-EEOC kweNhloko VII imibandela evimbela ukubandlulula ngokusekelwe ocansini kuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izenzo zokubandlulula ezisekelwe ekuziphatheni ngokobulili noma ngesimo sobulili.
Ukuvinjelwa kuzophoqelelwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimiso zombuso noma zendawo eziphambene nalokho.
Umthetho we-Equal Pay ka-1963 (i-EPA), ovikela amadoda nabesifazane abenza umsebenzi olinganayo ngokusungulwa okufanayo kusukela ekubandlululweni komholo wocansi.
Abaqashi banqatshelwe ukunikeza umholo ophansi kubantu besifazane (noma amadoda) uma omunye umuntu (noma owesifazane) enza umsebenzi ofanayo kumholo ophakeme. Izinhlangano zabasebenzi noma amanxusa abo nazo zivinjelwe ukuba zithonye abaqashi ukuba banikeze amazinga ahlukene okukhokha kwabasebenzi besilisa nabesifazane.
I-EPA iyingxenye ye-Fair Labor Standards Act ka-1938, eguqula ukuvimbela ukucwaswa kwemali ngokusekelwe kocansi.
Umthetho we-Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay ka-2009 , owafaka umthetho isimo se-EEOC ukuthi inkokhelo ngayinye engalingani iyisici esihlukile sokubandlululwa kwemholo. Ngokwenza njalo, lo Mthetho wandisa isimiso semikhawulo yokufaka amacala emacala ekukhokha ukucwaswa ngokusekelwe ocansini, ubuhlanga, isizwe, iminyaka, inkolo, nokukhubazeka.
Ukubandlululwa KwezeMinyaka eMthethweni Wokuqashwa Ka-1967 (ADEA), ovikela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu. I-ADEA isebenza ezinhlanganweni ezinabasebenzi abangu-20 noma ngaphezulu, kubandakanya izinhlaka zikahulumeni, izinhlangano zabasebenzi, kanye nezinhlangano zokuqashwa.
Abaqashi bavunyelwe ukukhetha izisebenzi ezindala kunabasha (ngisho noma lezo zisebenzi ezincane zineminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ADEA ayivikeli abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kusukela ekubandlululweni komsebenzi okususelwa eminyakeni yobudala.
Ngakho-ke, uma usebenza embonini eyinkimbinkimbi, uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-40 ubudala, kodwa ucabanga ukuthi ucwaswa ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala, ukuvikelwa kwe-ADEA ngeke kusebenze ekwenzeni kwakho.
Isihloko I no-V V we- Americans With Disability Act ka-1990 (i-ADA), evimbela ukubandlululwa komsebenzi kubantu abaqeqeshiwe abakhubazekile emkhakheni wangasese, nakuhulumeni basekhaya nakwasekhaya .
Isihloko I sihlanganisa abaqashi abanabasebenzi abangaba ngu-15 noma ngaphezulu ekubandlululeni abantu abakhubazekile ngezinqubo zokufaka izicelo zomsebenzi, ukuqasha, ukudubula, isinxephezelo, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi, nezinye izimo zomsebenzi.
Isihloko nami sisebenza ezinhlanganweni zabasebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zomsebenzi.
Isihloko V sinezinhlinzeko ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nesihloko I nezinye izihloko ze-ADA. Isibonelo, i-Title V ichaza ukuthi i-ADA ayinqobe eminye imigomo yesifundazwe, yombuso, noma yendawo ehlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okulingana noma okukhulu kunomthetho.
Ibuye ichaze ukuthi abantu abahlanganyela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni abahlanganiswa yi-ADA.
Izigaba 501 no-505 zoMthetho Wokuvuselelwa Ka-1973, ovimbela ukucwaswa kubantu abaqeqeshiwe abakhubazekile abasebenza kuhulumeni wesifundazwe, kanye nokubeka izinkomba mayelana nemithi yokwelashwa nemali yommeli.
I-Civil Rights Act ka-1991 , okunye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezinikeza umonakalo wezimali ezimweni zokubandlulula ngokuzithandela emsebenzini . Lubuye lishintshe izimiso eziningana ze-EEOC, okuvumela isibonelo sokuhlolwa kweJury kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ku-Isihloko VII no-ADA izigwegwe ezibandakanya ukubandlululwa ngokuzikhethela.
Ukubhekwa kwe-EEOC nokuQinisekisa
Ikhomishini ye-US Equal Employment Commission (i-EEOC) iqinisa yonke le mithetho futhi inikeza ukuqondisa nokuxhumanisa wonke amarekhodi, imisebenzi kanye nezinqubomgomo zamathuba okuqashwa ezilinganayo.
I-State Equal Employment Opportunity Amakomidi
Ukwengamela okungeziwe futhi kwezinye izimo izivikelo ezengeziwe zinikezwa ama-ejensi amalungelo abantu ezingeni likahulumeni. Abantu abakholelwa ukuthi amalungelo abo baphulwa bangase babonisane nalawa ma-ejensi ukulungisa izikhalo zabo. Amazwe anganezela ukuvikeleka okungeziwe komthetho kodwa angavunyelwe ukunganaki noma yiziphi izivikelo ezinikezwa nge-EEOC.