Iyini Ukucwaswa Kwemisebenzi?
Kuyinto emthethweni ukubandlulula ngokusekelwe kobuhlanga, inkolo, ubulili, noma isizwe sokuqala uma kuqasha noma emsebenzini. Izinkontileka zikahulumeni kanye nabasebenzisana nabo kumele bathathe isinyathelo esiqinisekisayo sokuqinisekisa ithuba elilodwa lokuqashwa ngaphandle kokubheka lezi zinto. I-Order Order 11246 iphoqelelwa yiHhovisi le-Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oMphakathi ka-1964 senza okungekho emthethweni ukubandlulula ngokuqasha, ukukhishwa, ukukhushulwa, ukuhanjiswa, nezinye izinto zokuqashwa, ngesisekelo sombala, ubuhlanga, inkolo, ubulili noma isizwe. Lokhu kuphoqelelwa yiKhomishana ye- Equal Employment Commission (EEOC).
Ukucwaswa nokuhlukunyezwa
Ukuhlukumeza kuyindlela yokucwasa. Njengokubandlululwa, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlukunyezwa , kufaka phakathi ukuziphatha okungahlonishwa ngumuntu osebenzisana naye, umphathi, iklayenti, noma omunye umuntu emsebenzini, okususelwa ebuhlanga, umbala, inkolo, ubulili (kubandakanya ukukhulelwa), ubuzwe, iminyaka (40 noma ngaphezulu), ukukhubazeka, noma ulwazi lofuzo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucwaswa kwabasebenzi
Ukucwaswa komsebenzi kwenzeka uma umuntu ehlukunyezwa kabi ngenxa yezinombolo eziningi. Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezibalulwe ngenhla, abasebenzi kanye nabafake izicelo zomsebenzi nabo bangacatshangelwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka, ulwazi lofuzo, ukukhulelwa, noma ngenxa yobuhlobo babo nomunye umuntu.
Buyekeza lolu hlu lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucwaswa komsebenzi, izibonelo zokubandlululwa komsebenzi, kanye nezincomo zokusingatha izinkinga zokubandlulula endaweni.
- Ubudala
- Ubulili
- Umjaho
- Ubuhlanga
- Umbala wesikhumba
- Umsuka Kazwelonke
- Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo noma Ukukhubazeka
- Ulwazi lofuzo
- Ubuhlobo nomuntu ongacaciswa
- Ukukhulelwa noma Ubuzali
Izibonelo zokucwaswa kwabasebenzi
Ukucwaswa komsebenzi kungenzeka kunoma yiziphi izimo, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukusho noma ukuphakamisa ukhetho olukhethiwe emsebenzini
- Akubandakanyi abasebenzi abasebenza ngesikhathi sokuqasha
- Ukwenqabela isinxephezelo esithile sabasebenzi noma izinzuzo
- Ukukhokha abasebenzi abalinganayo-abafanelekayo esifundeni esifanayo imiholo ehlukene
- Ukucwasa lapho ubeka ikhefu lokukhubazeka , ikhefu lokubeletha , noma izinketho zomhlalaphansi
- Ukuphika noma ukuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zenkampani
- Ukubandlulula lapho kukhishwa ukukhushulwa noma ukuyeka
Umthetho Wokucwaswa Nezinkinga
Ukucwaswa kweminyaka
Ukubandlululwa ngokweminyaka ngumkhuba ovikelwe ngokuqondile ngumthetho. Ngaphandle kokungafani okungajwayelekile, izinkampani azivunyelwe ukucacisa ukukhetha iminyaka yobudala emakethe yomsebenzi. Abasebenzi kumele bathole izinzuzo ezifanayo kungakhathaliseki ubudala, okuwukuphela kwenkathi lapho izindleko zokuhlinzeka izinzuzo ezengeziwe kubasebenzi abasha kufana nokuhlinzeka izinzuzo ezincishisiwe kwabasebenzi abadala.
Kanti futhi, ukubandlululwa phakathi kwezinhlelo zokufunda noma amathuba okuqeqesha akuvumelekile.
Ukubandlululwa kwezenkolo
Kuyinto engekho emthethweni ukuthi abaqashi bahlukumeze ngokusekelwe kumasiko omuntu womuntu. Amabhizinisi ayadingeka ukuba afake kahle izinkolelo zenkolo zesisebenzi, uma nje ukwenza kanjalo kungenayo imiphumela emibi kakhulu kumqashi.
Ukucwasana ngokobulili
Uma ukhokha inkokhelo emadodeni nakwabesifazane abaneziqu ezifanayo, umthwalo wemfanelo, izinga lobuchwepheshe, nesimo, abaqashi banqatshelwe ukubandlulula ngesisekelo sobulili. Futhi, amabhizinisi ayenqatshelwe ukuhlawula isamba esisodwa sobulili ukuze kulinganiselwe ukukhokhelwa phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane.
Ukucwaswa Okusekelwe Ekukhulelweni
Ukwengeza, ukubandlulula okususelwa ekukhuleni akuvumelekile. Abaqashi kuyadingeka ukuthi baphathe ukukhulelwa ngendlela efanayo ukuthi bangayisingatha ukugula okwesikhashana noma isimo esingeyona unomphela esizodinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile.
Abafuna umsebenzi banamalungelo afanayo nabasebenzi , futhi bobabili bavikelwe uMthetho Wokubandlulula Ukukhulelwa (PDA) owadlula ngo-1978.
Indawo Ehlukumezayo Yomsebenzi
Imvelo yokusebenza yenzondo lapho kudlwengulwa noma ukucwaswa kuphazamisa ukusebenza komsebenzi noma kudala indawo enzima noma ehlaselayo yomsebenzi noma iqembu labasebenzi.
Ukubandlulula okungekho emthethweni nokuhlukunyezwa
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imikhuba yobandlululo ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isici somsebenzi . Awukho emthethweni ukuthi umqashi enze izinhloso ngokusekelwe kobuhlanga, ubulili, noma izinkolelo ezihlobene nobudala, futhi akuvumelekile ukuba umqashi acabange ukuthi isisebenzi singakwazi ukukhubazeka ngoba sikhubazekile.
Ukwengeza, izinkampani zivinjelwe ukuvimbela amathuba okuqashwa kumsebenzi ngenxa yobuhlobo bakhe nomuntu othile ohlanga, inkolo noma ubuhlanga. Ukucwaswa okungekho emthethweni kufaka phakathi ukuhlukumeza okusekelwe ezinkambisweni zomuntu ezivikelwe ngokomthetho, kufaka phakathi (kodwa hhayi kuphela) ubuhlanga, ubulili, ubudala, nenkolo.
Izikhalazo zokuqashwa kwabasebenzi
Ngaphansi kwemithetho yase-United States, izinkampani zivunyelwe ukubeka abasebenzi ngaphansi kokuhlukunyezwa okungalungile noma ukubandlulula okucacile okusekelwe kulezi zici ezivikelwe ngokomthetho. Futhi, akukho emthethweni ukuthi umqashi aphindiselele kumuntu ofake isikhalazo ngokubandlululwa noma ohlanganyele nophenyo.
Nakuba kungekho konke ukwelashwa okungahambi kahle kuwukubandlulula okungekho emthethweni, noma yisiphi isisebenzi esikholelwa ukuthi uye wabhekana nokucwaswa komsebenzi angafaka isikhalazo ku-EEOC (I-Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Nansi indlela yokufaka isicelo sokucwaswa komsebenzi .
Ukusabalalisa kwezikhalazo ze-EEOC
I-EEOC ibike ukuphazamiseka okulandelayo mayelana nezinhlobo zezikhalazo zokubandlululwa ezazisungulwa yi-agency ngo-2017:
- Ukubuyiselwa: 41,097 (amaphesenti angu-48.8 azo zonke izinkokhelo ezifakiwe)
- Umjaho: 28,528 (33,9%)
- Ukukhubazeka: 26,838 (31,9%)
- Ubulili: 25,605 (amaphesenti angu-30.4)
- Ubudala: 18,376 (amaphesenti angu-21.8)
- Umthombo Kazwelonke: 8.299 (amaphesenti angu-9,8)
- Inkolo: 3,436 (amaphesenti angu-4.1)
- Umbala: 3,240 (amaphesenti angu-3.8)
- Umthetho Wokulingana Wokulingana: 996 (amaphesenti angu-1.2)
- Ulwazi lofuzo: 206 (amaphesenti angu-.2)
Ukufundwa Okuphakanyisiwe: Indlela Yokuphatha Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngomsebenzi