Kuzinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zokuhlomula, abasebenzi bamanje kanye nama-ejenti abo abaqashile abanikeza imali ohlelweni lokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Isistimu isebenzisa leyo mali ukukhokha imali yokukhokhela imali kanye nezindleko zomshuwalense wezempilo kulabo abahlala emakhaya.
Uhlelo lubeka ingozi yokusebenza kwezimali. Izinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zokuhlomula ziyi-backbone yezinhlelo eziningi zokuhlala umhlalaphansi.
Njengoba isikhathi siphelile, izinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi zengeze izinketho ezikhethiwe ezihlinzekwa abasebenzi ukuba basindise imali eyengeziwe yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ezinkambisweni eziningi, izinketho ezihlongozwayo zenkampani zaqala njengezikhethelo kuphela. Kodwa kancane kancane bashintsha uhlelo ngesistimu.
Ukunciphisa Ukuheha Umhlalaphansi Kahulumeni
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomphakathi, abenzi bezomthetho baye banciphisa ukuheha kwezinhlelo zomhlalaphansi ngezindlela eziningana. Okokuqala, baphoqelele abasebenzi ukuba banikele ngemali engaphezulu ngenkathi bephethe izinzuzo ezifanayo. Ngokufana nomqondo wohulumeni abenza okungaphezulu kakhulu, abasebenzi bafaka imali eyengeziwe yokukhokha umhlalaphansi efanayo.
Okwesibili, abomthetho baye bashintsha ingozi kubaqashi kwabasebenzi ngokwenza izinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zemihlomulo ingxenye enkulu yesistimu ngenkathi beqhamuka emiphakathini ehlongozwayo yomnikelo.
Lokhu kunikeza abasebenzi ukuthi bangaqiniseki kangcono ngesilinganiso sabo sokuphila emhlalaphansi. Abasebenzi bangasebenzela umgomo wokuhlomula ohlelweni oluhlongozwayo, kodwa abakwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngokuqinisekisiwe kuhlelo oluhlongozwayo lomnikelo.
Okwesithathu, abenzi bomthetho bangeze imithetho ephazamisa ukuthi umuntu angasheshe ashiye umhlalaphansi nokuthi izindleko zempilo yomhlalaphansi zikhokhelwa kanjani.
Umshuwalense wezempilo kuyindleko enkulu yezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ngakho ukuchitha ingxenye yalezindleko kuyinzuzo enkulu kubaphathi bomsebenzi wokuthatha umhlalaphansi kodwa hhayi kubantu abakhonza.
Okwesine, abenzi bomthetho baye banciphisa umkhuba wokweba kabili lapho abahlala khona behlala khona enhlanganweni ngaphakathi komshini wokuthatha umhlalaphansi kanjalo behoxisa ohlelweni lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye nomqashi oyilungu. Kuncike emithethweni yomshini wokuthatha umhlalaphansi, lo mkhuba ungaba nemiphumela emibi yokusimama kwesistimu.
Lapho imithetho yomhlalaphansi ishintsha
Izisebenzi zikaHulumeni zivame ukuvotela ngenani eliphakeme kunabantu bonke, ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi abomthetho bazama ukunxusa abasebenzi bakahulumeni ngabasebenzi abasebenzisayo njengamanje ngaphansi kwemithetho endala. Izisebenzi ezintsha zifakwa ngaphansi kwemithetho encane kakhulu. Abazi ukuthi bathola into engaphezu kwalabo abasebenzisana nabo kuze kube yilapho sebevele sebesebenza.
Amanye amasu omhlalaphansi enza abasebenzi bahlanganyele ekuKhuseleni kwezenhlalakahle. Abanye abakwenzi. Ukuze bathole izinzuzo zomhlalaphansi ezivela kwi-Social Security, ngabanye kumele bahlanganyele kuwo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwabo. Lapho abameli kanye nabasebenzi babo bebhala ukubamba imithetho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, bayacabangela ukuthi noma abaqashile bayothola ukuphepha kwezenhlalakahle.
Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi
Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi:
- Iningi labasebenzi bakahulumeni basebusika bahlanganyela ohlelweni lwezokuHlala kwamaHulumeni aseSweden . Lolu hlelo lwaqala ngo-1987 ukuze luqede uhlelo lwezokuHlala kweNhlalakahle . I-FERS inezingxenye ezintathu: Ukuphepha Komphakathi, Uhlelo Oluyisisekelo Losizo, kanye ne- Thrift Savings Plan . Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa konke kokubili okuhlongozwayo okuhlongozwayo kanye nokuchazwa okuchaziwe. CSRS uhlelo oluhlongozwayo lokuhlomula. Lapho i-FERS idalwe, abasebenzi bangakhetha ukuhlala ne-CSRS noma baya ku-FERS.
- Amazwe anezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ezisebenzela ukuqoqwa okuhlukahlukene kwamabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye nabasebenzi bawo. Abanye bathi banezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ikakhulukazi ama-ejensi kahulumeni, imfundo yomphakathi, ohulumeni basezindaweni, kanye nohulumeni basezindaweni. Isibonelo, iTexas inabasebenzi bakwaHulumeni, uhlelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi lwabafundisi kubasebenzi basezifundeni zaseyunivesithi nabasesikoleni, uhlelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kaMasipala waseTexas kubasebenzi basezindaweni naseTexas County & District Retirement System kubasebenzi bohulumeni bezifundazwe kanye nezifunda ezikhethekile. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo azikhetheli ukuba yingxenye yezinhlelo zokuhlala zomhlalaphansi zikahulumeni futhi ahlele izinhlelo zabo zomhlalaphansi ezizimele.