Umlando we-FERS
I-FERS yadalwa yi-US Congress ngo-1986 futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1987. Yayisetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni seSystem Service Retirement System lapho abasebenzi basezombusazwe bahlanganyela khona ngaphambi kuka-1987.
Lapho ama-FERS eqala, abasebenzi be-CSRS bangashintshela ku-FERS. Akubona bonke ababenzile, ngakho-ke i-US Office of Personnel Management igcina izinhlelo ezimbili zokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Uhlu oluyisisekelo kunawo wonke phakathi kwalaba ababili lukhona ekuqineni kwecebo ngalinye. I-CSR isisimiso sempesheni ngenkathi ama-FERS enikeza abasebenzi basefesheni ngezinqubo ezintathu zokugcina umhlalaphansi.
Izingxenye ezintathu ze-FERS
Lezi zindlela ziyi-Social Security, Isisekelo Sokuhlomula Okuyisisekelo kanye ne- Thrift Savings Plan . Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zihlukanisa imithombo engenayo yomhlalaphansi yomsebenzi wesifundazwe. Ngokubambisana, lezi zincenye ezintathu ze-puzzle yokuthatha umhlalaphansi zenzelwe ukunikeza umhlalaphansi ukuphila okufanayo nokuphila okusemthethweni okukhona ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakhe. Umhlalaphansi ozinzile ungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zikahulumeni ezinikezwayo.
Ngokubambisana, lezi zintathu zinezici zombili zomnikelo ochaziwe kanye nezinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zokuhlomula. Emiphakathini ehlongozwayo yomnikelo, abahlala emakhaya bayakwazi kahle ukuthi bayothola inyanga ngayinye yomhlalaphansi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imakethe yamasheya yenzani.
Kuzinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zokuhlomula, abasebenzi banikela inani elibekiwe lokutshala izimali kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezimoto zokutshala izimali. Amandla emakethe aqondisa ukuthi intshalomali ikhula kangakanani.
# 1 Ukuphepha Komphakathi
Ingxenye yokuqala ye-FERS yi-Social Security. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zibambelela ekuvikelekeni kwezenhlalo njengokungathi zonke izakhamizi ezisebenza.
Abasebenzi base-Federal ngaphansi kwe-CSRS abahlanganyeli ku-Social Security. Amanye amasistimu omhlalaphansi kahulumeni wombuso wasekhaya avumela abasebenzi babo ukuba baphume kwi-Social Security, ngakho-ke abahlanganyeli kuleso simiso futhi abatholi futhi bazuze kuwo.
Ukuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle kunikeza inethiwekhi yokuphepha kubasebenzi ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ngendlela yokuthola imali njalo ngenyanga abasebenzi abakhubazekile noma abahlala emndenini ngemuva kokufaka isandla ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa intela yokukhokhela inhlangano ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yabo.
Uhlelo lwesisekelo sesibili # 2
Ingxenye yesibili i-annuity ibiza uhlelo oluyisisekelo sosizo. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zinikela ngephesenti elincane lokukhokhwa kwazo, nokuthi imali iya ekukhokheleni abahlala emakhaya. Lapho izisebenzi zamanje ziba umhlalaphansi, zithola izinzuzo zabo ngokunikezwa kwabasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi. Kuzwakala njengehlelo le-Ponzi, kodwa uma nje isikhathi siqhubeka, kuzohlale kube negalelo ohlelweni.
Phakathi kokusungulwa kwe-FERS no-2012, bonke abasebenzi bezombusazwe banikeze u-0.8% wenkokhelo yabo ohlelweni oluyisisekelo. Kusukela ngo-2013, abasebenzi abasha base-federal banikela ngo-3.1%. Abasebenzi abaqashiwe ngaphambi kuka-2013 namanje banikela nge-0.8% yangempela. Umthetho ukwandisa izinga lomnikelo wadluliselwa ngoFebruwari 2012 ngokuyinhloko ukukhokha isandiso sokwenyuswa kwentela kwalabo bonke abasebenzi base-US, hhayi nje kwabasebenzi bombuso.
Imali yemali yokuthatha umhlalaphansi iyakwamukela kuncike ekusebenzeni kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye nemali eningi eyitholayo eminyakeni yakhe emithathu ephakeme kakhulu. Hlela imithetho echaza ukulinganisa okuqondile kwezibonelelo zomhlalaphansi, izinzuzo zokukhubazeka, izinzuzo zokusinda kanye nendlela yokuguqula izindleko zokuphila .
Uhlelo lwe-3 lwe-Savrift Plan
Ingxenye yesithathu yi-Thrift Savings Plan, efana ne-401 (k) noma yiyiphi i-American engaba nayo eyedwa noma ngomqashi. Uhulumeni wase-US ukhahlela inani elilingana no-1.0% wenkokhelo yomsebenzi. Izisebenzi zaseSweden zingakwazi ukufaka isandla esikhulu, futhi uhulumeni uzozifanisa namaphesenti athile. Ukuzuza ngeminikelo kukhula ngaphandle kwentela.Akungabambi iqhaza kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lapho umqashi wakho ehambisana khona nomnikelo wakho uvele unikeze imali mahhala.
Ukuba Ofanelekile Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi
Ukuze uthathe umhlalaphansi, abasebenzi basezintlangeni kumele babe nenani eliphansi leminyaka yokusebenza futhi bahlangabezane nemfuneko yobudala obuncane. Kwabasebenzi basezikhungweni abazalwa ngonyaka ka-1970 noma kamuva, ubuncane bokuthatha umhlalaphansi kubudala bungu-57. Abasebenzi abakhulile banesilinganiso esincane esincane sokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Isikhathi esincane sakhuphuka kakhulu phakathi kuka-1948 no-1970.
Qaphela: Okuqukethwe kwalesi sihloko kungokwezinhloso zokwaziswa kuphela. Lesi sihloko asihloselwe ukunikeza iseluleko sentela. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezentela oqeqeshiwe ukuze uthole iseluleko sentela.