I-Public Domain ayisho Ayikho Imingcele Yokusetshenziswa kanye Nobunini be-Copyright
I-Software Domain Software (PDS) ibhekisela kwisofthiwe engekho copyright futhi noma ubani angasebenzisa mahhala ngaphandle kwemingcele. Ngaphansi kwemikhombandlela ye-PDS nemithetho elawula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-software ukugunyaza umlobi (s) ukudala isofthiwe yabo ngenhloso yokwenza itholakale kusizinda somphakathi ukuze abanye bangasebenzisa isofthiwe yabo yonke, ngokwengxenye, noma ngokuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ngaphandle kokukhathazeka mayelana nemikhawulo ye-copyright.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isofthiwe yesidingo somphakathi ayivumeli umsebenzisi ukuthi afinyelele, asebenzise noma aguqule amakhodi omthombo, kodwa kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka, kodwa atholakale ukuze asebenzise uma kungashintshwa yini noma cha .
Yini Engayifakiwe ku-PDS?
I-PDS ayifaki ukukhushulwa komkhiqizo wesofthiwe yamahhala, 'ukuthengiswa kwamahhala,' noma 'ukwabelana' konke okungenayo imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kanye namalungelo okukopisha.
Ukutholaphi Indawo Yomphakathi Yomphakathi
I-SourceForge inikeza umhlahlandlela omkhulu we-software etholakalayo ngaphansi kwezinombolo zamalayisense kuhlanganise nomphakathi we-Public Domain, Creative Commons Attribution, OSI-Approved Open Source , nabanye. Ezinye ezinye izinsiza ezimbili zokuthola isizinda esisha somphakathi kanye nesofthiwe evulekile-source kukhona Gnu.org no-CNet.
Ungathola futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqondile, okusetshenziselwa amahhala okuhambisanayo ngaphakathi kwamashinibhodi athile wezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-WordPress, ngena ngemvume bese ubheka ama-plugin amasha. Eziningi zalezi zinto zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Kuyafana ne-Firefox lapho ungalanda kusuka ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo nezici zokusekela kufaka phakathi amathuluzi wonjiniyela.
Izicelo Zomthombo Ovulekile Awuwi Aphansi Ngaphansi Kwezizinda Zomphakathi
Ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile phakathi kwe-Open Source (OS) kanye nesofthiwe yesizinda sesidlangalaleni akusiyo ukuthi ikhodi yomthombo noma ayikho yini ukuthi ifinyeleleka, kodwa uma kunemfuneko yelayisense noma enye imingcele ekusetshenzisweni, iguqula ikhodi yomthombo, ukubuyiswa kabusha, noma amarekhodi.
Uma zikhona, isofthiwe evulekile yomthombo hhayi isofthiwe yesizinda somphakathi.
Izinsiza ze-Software Source Open
Umnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States unikeza i-FAQ ephelele mayelana ne-Open Source Software (OSS) futhi usebenzise ngenkathi usebenza nohulumeni wesifundazwe. Uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa i-OSS noma isofthiwe yesizinda somphakathi ukuze usebenzise ngokusemthethweni, sicela ufunde, Imibuzo Ephathelene Ne-Software Source Open kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela.
I-Open Source Initiative, i-501 (c) (3) engenzi-nzuzo engekelwe eCalifornia, inikeza incazelo eningiliziwe (neyomthetho) yesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani nokuthi ubani ongayisebenzisa. Zinezinhlu zezinkampani ezinika isofthiwe evulekile uma ufisa ukuphenya inkampani ethile. I-Free Software Foundation inikeza uhlu olunzulu lwesofthiwe yamahhala.
Izibonelo ezimbalwa zezicelo ze-Software Source Open
- I-WordPress - Ukuphathwa kwamahhala, okuqukethwe kanye nesofthiwe yesofthiwe yokubhuloga.
- I-Firefox - Isiphequluli sewebhu
- I-LINUX - uhlelo lokusebenza oluvulekile olusekelwe ku-UNIX
- I-Apache - isofthiwe ye-web server manje esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
- I-Thunderbird - Ethuthukiswe yi-Mozilla Foundation (nayo iphinde ibe nesibopho sesiphequluli sewebhu, i-Firefox, i-Thunderbird inikeza i-platform ye-imeyili, ingxoxo, ne-imeyili.
- I-OpenOffice
- I-KOffice - i-office ehlanganisiwe yehhovisi ehlanganisa ukucubungula amagama, ispredishithi, imisebenzi yedatha kanye nokuningi, futhi
- I-SquirrelMail - I-imeyili yomthengisi noma ubani ongasebenzisa futhi uvame ukunikezwa (mahhala) inkampani ye-email host host efana Dreamhost.
Ngingayitshela Kanjani Uma Kukhona Ngaphansi Komphakathi?
Uma kungekho neze imingcele noma ama-copyrights ezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe, kuthathwa njengesofthiwe yesidlangalaleni yomphakathi.
Izibalo Ezijabulisayo Kwabesifazane Abacwaningi Bamakhompiyutha - Amathebula aguqula
Ngo-1944 kwakukhona izinhlelo eziyisithupha kuphela zezinhlelo zekhompiyutha zamakhompiyutha, okwamanje, kwakungenabo abaningi abahleli besilisa. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane baye badikibala kakhulu ukungena emasimini e-STEM (Isayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela, kanye Nezibalo) ukuze ubuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha busetshenziswe kakhulu, isilinganiso sababesilisa nabamakhasimende besimo sekhompiyutha kanye nabathuthukisi be-software baqhubeka bekhathazeka.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezenziwa nge-White House, futhi Ngokusho kweNational Center ye-Women Information Technology, abesifazane manje babheka abathuthukisi bewebhu be-34%; Amaphesenti angu-23%; Ama-37% wabaphathi besizinda; 20% wabathuthukisi be-software; kanye no-15% wokuhlaziywa kolwazi lokuphepha.
> (Umthombo: uMnyango WezabaSebenzi Uhlolo Oluqhubekayo Lwabantu, 2012)