Imithetho kanye neCandelo leNkokhelo yeMpi yaseMhlalaphansi
Abasebenzi abakushintshi ukuhlala kwabo ngokomthetho nje ngoba bathuthela kwelinye izwe. I- Servicemembers Civil Relief Act , (SCRA) ivumela abasebenzi ukuba bahlale ezweni elilodwa, kodwa bathi esinye izwe sihlala kwabo ngokomthetho.
Okufanayo akulona iqiniso kumlingani wakho. Ukuhlala komthetho womlingani ngokuvamile kuyisimo asihlala ngaso manje. Ukuze ufake i-divorce for divorce, noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi, umuntu kufanele abe "nezimfuneko zokuhlala ezincane," kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amaningi anemithetho evumela ukuba ilunga noma oshade naye afake isicelo sokuqhafaza esifundeni lapho ilunga lingene khona, noma ngabe ilungu noma umlingani akuzona izakhamuzi zaleso simo. Abaningi bathi ngisho nokukhulula "indawo yokuhlala encane" yezenzo zesehlukaniso zasempi.
Isibonelo, i-Airman Joseph Tribett imiswe eTravis Air Force Base , eCalifornia. I-Joe "yokuhlala okusemthethweni" ku-Nebraska. Uhlukanisiwe nomkakhe iminyaka. UJill uhlala nabazali bakhe eDenver, eColorado.
Noma iyiphi inhlangano ingafaka i-divorce ukuze ihlukanise eCalifornia, eNebraska, noma eCoronto. Ngezinye izikhathi kunenzuzo ukubukeza imithetho yehlukaniso yamazwe ahlukene angase abe negunya ngaphambi kokunquma kahle ukuthi ubani kufanele afake i-divorce ukuze ahlukanise (Nokho, khumbula ukuthi uma ufaka kwenye indawo ngaphandle kokuthi uhlala kuphi, lokhu kuzodinga ukuhamba ukubonakala kwenkantolo, njll)
Uhlu Lokukhokhelwa Umhlalaphansi
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 leminyaka yama-1980, izinkantolo ezehlukene zombuso zaqala ukuphatha umholo wezempi ohlala umhlalaphansi njenge "impahla yomphakathi," ngokuvamile ukunikeza ingxenye yomholo kumuntu owawushade naye. Esinye icala esinjalo eCalifornia sagcina silimaza izinkantolo eziseNkantolo Ephakeme, owabusa eMcCarty v. McCarty , 453 US 210 (1981), ukuthi umthetho wesifundazwe awuzange uvumele ukukhokha umhlalaphansi ukuze uphathwe njengempahla ehlangene.
Esinqumweni salo, inkantolo yacaca ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi emphakathini kwakungavumelani neze nomthethosisekelo, kodwa ukuthi imithetho yamanje (ngaleso sikhathi) ingavunyelwe ukuphatha umholo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengempahla ehlangene.
Ephendula, iCongress yadlulisa uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwamalungu Okungavumelekile (USFSPA) , ngo-1982. Lesi senzo sivumela izinkantolo zombuso ukuba zithole inkokhelo yokulahlekelwa umhlalaphansi njengempahla kuphela yelungu noma njengendawo yelunga nomlingani ngokuhambisana imithetho yenkantolo yesifundazwe.
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ayikho "ifomula yemilingo" equkethwe esenzweni ukucacisa ukuhlukaniswa okufanele komholo ohlala umhlalaphansi. Inkantolo yombuso ingahlukanisa inkokhelo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi nganoma iyiphi indlela ekhethayo (ngokuya kwemithetho yaleso sizwe). Isibonelo, kungaba ngomthetho ngokuphelele ukuba inkantolo ihlukanise umholo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi wama-50/50 ngomshado owaphela kuphela izinyanga ezimbili (futhi, ngokulandela imithetho yaleso sizwe). Isimo singase sinqume ukunikeza iningi lemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi kumuntu owakwakho wokuqala uma imithetho yombuso ivumela lokho kuhlukaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkantolo nayo ingakhetha ukwelapha umhlalaphansi njengempahla ekhethekile yelungu lezempi .
Kodwa-ke, ukuze uMnyango Wezokuvikela (DOD) wenze inkokhelo eqondile yokukhokhela umhlalaphansi womunye wesosha kumuntu owawushade naye, lezi ziqondiso kumele zihlangane:
(1) Umuntu oshade naye kumele abe eshadile ilungu lezempi okwesikhashana okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 yomshado ehlanganisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwempi esikhokhelwa ngumholo okhokhelwa umhlalaphansi.
(2) Izinkokhelo eziqondile ngeke zenzelwe ukuhlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi ezingaphezu kwezingamaphesenti angu-50 (Uma kunesahlukaniso esingaphezu kweyodwa, kuqala ukuza, ukukhonza kuqala - akukho phesenti engaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 azokhokhwa njengokuhlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi - - Isibonelo, uma inkantolo inikezela inamba engumlingani owodwa engamaphesenti angama-40 omholo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kanti enye inkantolo inikezela inombolo engumlingani wangaphambili womshado wamaphesenti angama-40 omholo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi, i-DOD Finance izokhokha ngokuqondile inkokhelo yangaphambili yomshado engamaphesenti angama-40 futhi izoqondisa inkokhelo owayengumlingani oshade naye inombolo yeshumi amaphesenti ayishumi).
(3) Inkokhelo yokukhubazeka ayihambisani nokuhlukaniswa njengempahla. Kuncike ekuhlobheni ukuxhaswa noma ukusekelwa kwengane, noma kunjalo.
(4) Ukuxhaswa noma ukusekelwa kwengane kungakhokhwa ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi. Kulo mcimbi, i-DOD Finance ngeke ikhokhe amaphesenti angama-65 omholo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi olahlwe ngumuntu ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla kanye nokusekelwa kwe-alimony / ingane.
Ngamanye amazwi, asho ukuthi uJoe noJill babeshadile iminyaka engu-12, kodwa kuphela kwale minyaka engu-8 kuphela ngenkathi uJoe eseyisosha. Inkantolo yombuso inikezela ngamaphesenti angu-40 kaJoe wokuhola umhlalaphansi. Kulesi simo, i-Jill ayikwazi ukusebenza ukuthi i-DOD imkhokhele ngokuqondile ngoba kwakungeyona iminyaka eyishumi yokuqasha komshado kumsebenzi wezempi kaJoe. Nokho, uJoe uzoba necala lokukhokha i-Jill kanye ngenyanga noma ukubhekana nezinkinga ezivela enkantolo.
Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJoe noJill sebekade beneminyaka engu-12 beshadile nayo yonke iminyaka engu-12 ehogela inkonzo kaJoe yempi, uJill angacela i-DOD Finance ukuthi ikhokhe ingxenye yakhe yomholo osemhlalaphansi ngqo kuye.
Isimiso Ngesikhokhelo Somhlalaphansi
Ukuhlinzekwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-USFSPA kuvame ukushiywa indiva, ngisho nalabo abathintekayo: Ukuze inkantolo yesifunda ibe negunya phezu kwenkokhelo yomhlalaphansi yelungu, inkantolo kumele ibe namandla phezu kwelungu:
(a) indawo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwesabelo samasosha , endaweni engaphansi kwendawo yenkantolo,
(b) indawo yakhe yokuhlala endaweni enkundleni yenkantolo, noma
(c) imvume yakhe enkantolo yecala.
Masibuyisele ukukhathazeka kwethu uJoe noJill emuva esithombeni. Cabanga ukuthi uJoe usemi eCalifornia kodwa uthi uNebraska uyindawo yakhe yokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala yaseJill e-Colorado.
Uma amafayela e-Jill ehlukanisa i-Colorado e-Colorado, inkantolo ngeke ivumelekile ukuhlukanisa umholo kaJoe wokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphandle kokuba uJoe avume ekugunyazeni enkantolo (ecabanga ukuthi lo mbhangqwana awunazo izihlobo zokuhlala e-Colorado).
Uma amafayela e-Jill wehlukaniso eCalifornia (lapho uJoe ekhona khona), le ndaba yinkimbinkimbi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "indawo yokuhlala ngokomthetho," uma inkantolo inqume ukuthi iCalifornia iyindlu yabo, hhayi nje indawo yokuhlala (okungukuthi, ngenxa yokumisa ezempi), inkantolo ingase ithathe igunya phezu kwesikweletu somhlalaphansi, ngaphandle kwemvume.
U-servicemember owomndeni wakhe owathengile futhi ohlala emakhaya, osungulwe esontweni nakumphakathi, efundiswe futhi ekhulisa izingane esifundazweni, angabhekwa njengombuso lapho noma ngabe ahlale "endaweni yokuhlala ngokomthetho" kwenye indawo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinkantolo zombuso zesiteshini zinezikhundla, imvume engekho, umbuzo okufanele uxazululwe esimweni esimweni esithile.
Inothi elibalulekile :
Imithetho iyinkinga ekhanga kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, umuntu "angavuma" ngokumane atshele enkantolo noma aphendule amakhomishana. Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule kunoma iyiphi incwadi evela enkantolo engase ingabi namandla phezu kweholo lakho lomhlalaphansi, kubalulekile ukuthi uxoxe nommeli onolwazi lwezimpikiswano zomthetho njengoba befaka isicelo kwi-Uniformed Services yangaphambili yomthetho wokuvikela umlingani kanye nemithetho isimo lapho isenzo senkantolo sithunyelwe khona. Angikwazi ukugcizelela lokhu ngokwanele!