Njengamanye amasevisi, i- United States Marine Corps kanye nabafaki bezicelo zesikrini se- United States se-Navy for "iziqu zokuziphatha" (umlando wobugebengu). Lokhu kwenziwa:
a. Ukuvimbela ukubhaliswa kwabantu abenza imikhuba yabo yezenhlalakahle, njengokubamba, ukuvotela , ukumelana negunya, njll, kuyisongo ekwenzeni i-units moral and cohesiveness.
b. Ukuhlola abantu abangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuqondisa izigwegwe ku-Navy naseMarine Corps, futhi obani abazobe behambisa izinsiza ekusebenzeni kwempi yezempi.
c. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abazali nabazali babo bayazi ukuthi lowo muntu angeke aphonswe eduze nezigebengu.
Abafakizicelo abangenazo izinkolelo zokwephula umthetho , izinkokhelo, noma izinkambiso zokuvimbela bafanelekile ukuziphatha. Noma kunjalo, ukudalulwa ngokuzithandela, noma ukutholakala kokuqasha, kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaphoyisa / ukubandakanyeka kobugebengu ngumfakisicelo kungadinga ukuhoxiswa kokungafanelekile kokuziphatha.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula lapha ukuthi umthetho wesifunda ufuna abafakizicelo baveze konke umlando wobugebengu ekuqasheni izicelo, kufaka phakathi amarekhodi agxiliwe, afakwe uphawu, noma amantombazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi, amarekhodi anjalo atholakala kubaphenyi basezempi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini oyizwile ngokuphambene nalokho.
Inqubo iqala ngxoxiswano ne-Recruiter, ecela ofake isicelo mayelana nanoma yimaphi amarekhodi okuboshwa, amacala, ukugwetshwa kwezinkantolo zamantombazane, ukwephulwa kwezimoto , isikhathi sokuqagela, ukuxoshwa noma ukulindela amacala noma ukukholelwa, kufaka nalabo abaye baxoshwa noma bafakwe uphawu.
Ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwamanga , noma ukugwema ukwaziswa okudingekayo kuyisisusa somthetho, futhi abantu ngabanye bangase bavivinywe yi-Federal, Civil civilian, noma iNkantolo YaseMpi.
Uma umfakisicelo evuma icala noma umqashi unesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi umfakisicelo ufihla icala, noma irekhodi likhonjisiwe ngesikhathi sokungena kwe-National Agency Check (ENAC), khona-ke umqashi uzocela irekhodi eliphelele lobugebengu kusuka kumasevisi omthetho wendawo .
Ezinye izono zingasuswa, kanti abanye abakwazi. Amacala ahlukene adinga ukuvunyelwa kweiver emazingeni ahlukene ekuqeshweni kwe-command-of-command.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi abafakizicelo abadinga ukuxoshwa abafanelekile ukubhalisa, ngaphandle kokuthi / kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa imvume. Umthwalo wukuthi umfakisicelo afakazele ukugunyaza iziphathimandla ukuthi banqobe ukungavunyelwa kwabo ukubhaliswa nokuthi ukuvuma kwabo kuzoba kuhle kakhulu kwezempi. Iziphathimandla zokubeka amandla zizocabangela umqondo "womuntu wonke" uma ucubungula izicelo zokuyeka.
Ngokuvamile, ukuxoshwa kuyadingeka ku:
- Amacala angama-9 kuya kwangu-9 amacala omgwaqo
- Amacala amabili amabili kuya kwamakhulu amacala omgwaqo
- Amacala amabili noma angaphezulu kwe-Class 1 amancane angekho emgwaqweni
- Amacala amabili kuya kwesishiyagalolunye ama- Class 2 amancane angenzi-traffic
- Amacala amabili kuya kwamahlanu amakhulu
- I-felony eyodwa
Abantu abanamacala ayishumi noma ngaphezulu amacala omgwaqo, amacala ayisithupha emgwaqo noma ngaphezulu, amacala ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu, amacala ayishumi noma ngaphezulu ama-Class 2 amancane angenzi-traffic, amacala ayisithupha ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu angathinteki emgwaqeni, noma ngaphezulu kwe-felony ayifanele ukuxoshwa.
Izincazelo kanye nezinkombandlela ezijwayelekile
I-Juvenile Adjudication engalungile
a. Ukunqunywa kwejaji noma ijaji emaphoyiseni amacala enkantolo abantwabwana abanecala, noma ukuthi lowo muntu wenza izenzo ezithweswe icala noma isikhalazo, ngokusekelwe ekufanelekeni kwecala noma ekukhulumeni kwecala noma enecala lokumangalelwa , nokuthi ukuzimisela kubhalwe kumarekhodi enkantolo, futhi
(1) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigwebo sasibekwe yini, sishiywa, noma sisiwe, futhi,
(2) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelwayo kuleli cala elifanayo ukususa ukuzimisela kokuqala kwecala emakhokheni enkantolo, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bokuvuselelwa noma isikhathi esaneleyo sokuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa. Izibonelo ze "izinqubo ezalandela" ezisetshenziselwa izinkantolo zamantombazane e-United States ziyi: "ukuxoshwa," "ukufaka uphawu lokurekhoda," ukuvula kabusha icala ukushintsha ukutholwa kwangempela kokuthi "unecala" noma "ukuphulwa komthetho," noma isicelo sokuthi "unecala" noma ukwamukelwa kweqiniso kwezinsolo ezinxusweni zokuthi "unecala," ukuxoshwa kwesicelo sokuqala, ukubeka eceleni ukugwetshwa "kokuhlukunyezwa." Izinqubo ezinjalo ezalandela nje ziqaphela ukuvuselelwa futhi aziguquli iqiniso lokuthi izingane zenze isenzo esenziwa ngalo muntu.
b. Leli gama elithi "ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ezisenkingeni" kuyisinqumo sokuthi umfana ohlukunyezwayo, ingane encane, ophuthumayo osemusha, ingane ehlukumezayo, ohlukumeza abancane, ukungalungi, kanye nokumenyezelwa kwabafana njengegceke lenkantolo, noma umklomelo wokuvivinywa noma ukujeziswa inkantolo yamantombazane ngenxa yecala. Igama elithi "isigceme senkantolo" alibandakanyi ukugwetshwa kwezingane ezincane "njengokwethenjelwa," njengokuthi "kuncike," noma "ukushiywa."
c. Ngokwezinhloso zokukhishwa, ukucubungula kuyokwenzelwa ubukhulu becala elithile lapho umfakisicelo echazwe khona. Ubuqili bobugebengu buzobekwa ngaphansi kohlu lwe-Uniform Guide olwenziwe ngamacala ajwayelekile, ngenhla noma ngamanothi aqukethwe kuwo uma icala lingabalwanga ngokuqondile ngamagama. Uma isinqumo sokuthi ukuziphatha okungcono kuleso simo sinqunywe kahle, izici ezinjengobudala bomfakisicelo ngesikhathi sokwephula umthetho, isigwebo sangempela esibekwa yinkantolo, njll, sizocatshangelwa.
Umsebenzi Womphakathi: Umusho wemali ethile yomsebenzi okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuzuze umphakathi jikelele. Ukusebenza komphakathi kuyindlela yokuhleleka noma ukubuyisela kodwa akuyona indlela yokuvimbela. Abafakizicelo abaye baqondiswa iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ukwenza imisebenzi yomphakathi abafanelekile ukubhaliswa kuze kube yilapho insizakalo isiphelile futhi ukukhishwa okufanelekile kunikeziwe.
Ukuqiniseka
a. Ukunqunywa "kwecala" yijaji noma ijaji, ngokusekelwe ekufanelekeleni icala noma ngesicelo sommeli sokuba "unecala" noma "nolo contend":
b. Izinyathelo ezibekwe yinkampani yokuphoqelela umthetho noma i-quasi-law ejensi esikhundleni senkantolo esemthethweni noma icala ngeke lithathwe ngokuthi "ukukholelwa." Izinkolelo zalolu hlobo zidinga ukubuyekezwa yiNsizakalo Yokuqashwa. Bona izibonelo ezilandelayo.
Qaphela: Njengomthetho jikelele wesithupha, noma yiziphi izidingo ezibekwa yiphini lesikhulu (okusho, ijaji, umantshi, ummeli wesifunda, ummeli wesifundazwe osizayo, ummeli wesigodi, noma isikhulu sokuqokwa), uzobhekwa njengecala lokufaka isicelo. Ukungenelela kwangasese noma izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene kuzobhekwa njenge "ukukholelwa". Ngokufanayo, izidingo ezibekwe yiziphathimandla zomthetho, (okungukuthi, amaphoyisa, izinduna, i-deputy sheriffs, noma ama- state troopers ), izobhekwa njengesijeziso. Umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi, "Ingabe lolu luhlelo oluhlelekile lwenkantolo?"
c. Izinkolelo noma izindleko eziye zancishiswa ukuze zenzeke kahle, njengokungathi "ku-plea-bargaining," noma ukucela icala eliphansi noma elincane lizokhishwa ezingeni elifanele amacala okuqala.
(1) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigwebo sasibekwe yini, sigodliwe, noma simisiwe; futhi
(2) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinyathelo ezilandelwayo zenzeni ukususa isinqumo sokuqala sokuthi "unecala" kusuka kumarekhodi enkantolo ngenxa yobufakazi bokuvuselelwa noma ukuqedwa kwesikhathi sokucwaninga. Izibonelo ze "izinqubo ezalandela" ezisetshenziswe kulo lonke elase-United States kumacala amacala omdala: "ukuxolela," "ukuxoshwa," ukuvula kabusha icala ukuze kuguqulwe ukutholakala kokuqala kokuthi "unecala" noma "unecala" ukuya ku- "ongenacala" nokuxoshwa kwecala, "ukuxolelwa," noma ukubeka eceleni ukukholelwa. Izinqubo ezinjalo ezalandela ziqaphela ukuvuselelwa, kodwa ungashintshi iqiniso lokuthi lowo owenze iphutha wenze isenzo sobugebengu.
(1) Umfakisicelo ubanjwe ngamaphoyisa ahlukumeza impahla yomphakathi ngokudweba imidwebo ebhuloho. Iphoyisa liqondisa umfakisicelo ukuba angene sandpaper ibhuloho aze ahlanzeke, ngaleso sikhathi uzokhohlwa ngesigameko. Lesi yisigwebo futhi sidinga ukubuyekezwa yi-service yokuqashwa.
(2) Umfakisicelo ubanjwe ngamaphoyisa ahlukumeza impahla yomphakathi ngokudweba imidwebo ebhuloho. Umfakisicelo usekhokhiswa kodwa wabe esetjenziswa ohlelweni lokutholwa kwabafundi bokutholwa komthetho. Nakuba umfakisicelo engalokothi avele enkantolo, futhi mhlawumbe akanakho irekhodi lenkantolo, udinga ukuxoshwa njengokungathi unecala.
Ukulindela: Ezinye izifundazwe zenze izinqubo zokulandela "ukuchithwa kwerekhodi," "ukuxoshwa kwamacala," noma "ukuxolela" phezu kobufakazi bokuvuselelwa komenzi wobugebengu. Isenzo esinjalo sinomthelela wezomthetho wokuqeda "ukutholwa" kokuqala noma "ukugwetshwa kwentombazane encane" ukuze, ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, umfakisicelo akanalo irekhodi lokukholelwa noma ukugwetshwa kwezingane ezimbi. Naphezu kwalesi senzo, irekhodi kumele livezwe futhi ukuhoxiswa kokuvunyelwa komfakisicelo kudingekile ezingeni elifanele lokuthatha isinqumo.
I-Nolle Prosequi: "Nolle Prosequi" yisimemezelo sokuthi ummangalelwa enkantolo , noma umshushisi esecaleni lobugebengu, uzoyeka ukushushiswa konke, noma ingxenye, yesitatimende noma icala. I-Nolle Prosequi "isenzo sokugwetshwa esingaxazululwa. Akubhekwa njengendlela yokuzivimbela futhi akuyona neze ibha yokubhalisa. Kodwa-ke, kubhekwe njengecala lokubhalisa ngezinhloso zokubhalisa futhi kudingeke ukuba kukhishwe imali. kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokubhaliswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwenkantolo ye-nolle prosequi kuncike ekufanelekeni kwecala ngalinye futhi kungabi lula ukubhalisa emaqenjini ahlomile. Uma imibhalo yenkantolo ngamagunya enkantolo (ie iJaji, i-DA, i-ADA) ibonisa " i-nolle prosequi "kwakuwumphumela wokwaziswa okwanele ukusola noma ukukhokhisa, ngakho-ke lokhu ngeke kubhekwe njengecala.
UNolo Contendere: "I-Nolo Contendere" iyisinqumo esenziwe ngummangalelwa ngesenzo sobugebengu esilingana nokwamukelwa kwecala. Ngalesi sicelo, ummangalelwa ujeziswa, kodwa amaqabunga avula amathuba okuphika amacala okusolakala kwezinye izinqubo. Kudingeka ukuhoxiswa.
Ukuqhutshwa komthetho : Ukumiswa kwesigwebo somuntu olahlwe yicala kodwa engakaboshwa ngenxa yalolu kholo, esimweni sokuqhubeka nokuziphatha okuhle nokubika njalo (ngaphansi kokuqondiswa) kwesiphathimandla sokuhlolwa noma enye i-ejenti ekhethwe yinkantolo. Imithetho esemthethweni yesiFunda efanayo efana "nokuhlolwa" izophathwa ngendlela efanayo noluhlolo olusetshenziswa kulo lonke leli khasi lwazi.
Isivimbelo: "Ukuvimbela" kufaka ukumiswa komusho (ukufaka imisho emiswe ngokungavumelekile), ukuboshwa noma ukuboshwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo, ukuhlolwa (okufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okungekho ngaphansi komthetho), noma ukukhululwa.
Amarekhodi e-Juvenile Records: Amaqembu amaningana anezinhlinzeko zokufaka "amarekhodi e-juvenile" okufaka umkhawulo wokunciphisa ukudalulwa kwezingxenye zamaphoyisa neziphathimandla zezomthetho. Naphezu komthelela wezomthetho wesenzo esinjalo, umfakisicelo kumele aveze irekhodi, futhi kufanele kutholakale ukuhoxiswa kokuziphatha ukugunyaza ukubhaliswa kulezi zimo.
Isigwebo esinqunyiwe esingasimemezelo kanye nesiphakamiso esingavumelekile sokuPhakamisa
Isigwebo esinqunyelwe ngokwemibandela kanye nokuhlolwa okungaqinisekisiwe kokungabikho komthetho kubhekwa njengesigwebo esinqunywe kanye nokuhlolwa kwesigwebo esibekwa yinkantolo, ngokulandelana, nakuba inkantolo ingabeki imibandela:
a. Ngokuphathelene nenkululeko yomuntu yokuhamba, noma
b. Kudinga ukukhokhelwa kwemonakalo, noma
c. Kudinga ukubika ngezikhathi ezithile ngabanye kwisisebenzi sekhotho (kufaka isikhulu sokuhlola), noma
d. Ukubandakanya ukuqondiswa yisikhulu sekhotho (kufaka phakathi isikhulu sokuhlola) kumuntu ngamunye.
Abafakizicelo okwamanje ngaphansi kwalezi zinhlobo zokuvimbela abafanelekile ukubhaliswa kuze kube yilapho isikhathi somusho noma ukuhlolwa kwesigwebo sigcwalisiwe.
Ukubhalisa Njengendlela Ehlukile Yokushushiswa
Abafakizicelo bangase bangabhalisi njengenye indlela yokushushiswa kwamacala obugebengu, ukushaywa indiva, ukuboshwa, ukuboshwa, ukuvivinywa, noma ezinye izigwebo ezijeziswayo. Abavumelekile ukubhaliswa kuze kube yilapho isigwebo esinikezwe ekuqaleni siphelile.
Izidingo Ezikhethekile Ezokuhlukunyezwa Kwemithi
Akukho ukuxoshwa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa kuzocatshangwa ngaphandle kwekhophi ephelele, esiphelele yeFomu Lokuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa.
Ama-Waiver ngeke anikezwe kubafakizicelo abangabangezicelo ngaphambilini:
a. Unomlando wokuxhaswa kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala noma umlutha, noma
b. Unecala lokugwetshwa nganoma yiluphi icala lwezidakamizwa (ngaphandle kwezinto ezilula zokudla i-cannabis [amagremu angu-30 noma ngaphansi], ne-steroids), noma
c. Vuma ekuthengiseni inambuzane noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
(Qaphela: "Ukuhweba" kwezidakamizwa kuzobhekwa njengokudayiswa okungavumelekile noma ukuhweba kwezidakamizwa ngenzuzo.)
d. Abafakizicelo abaye bavunyelwa ukuhlola okuhle ku-DAT ku-MEPS.
Abafaki bezicelo zangaphambi komsebenzi abaye bathola inkantolo-yokulwa, ukungajeziswa okungafanelekile (NJP), noma ukukhishwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma icala elihlobene nezidakamizwa (ukubandakanya ukuvota okuqondile) abafanelekile ukubhaliswa / ukubhaliswa kabusha. Akukho ukuhoxiswa okugunyaziwe. Abafakizicelo abaye bathola ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokungena ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma icala elihlobene nezidakamizwa (ukubandakanya ama-urinalysis amahle) kudinga ukulinda iminyaka emibili. Akukho ukuhoxiswa okugunyaziwe.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokutholakala kwezidakamizwa kuzokwelapha, ngenhloso yokuxoshwa kokubhaliswa, njengokungathi beyizinkolelo zokuthola umuthi wangempela ohlotshaniswa nesiqephu esithile sendawo.
Isikhulu esiphezulu esiteshini sokuqasha singase sikhiphe ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwemithi kadokotela ngaphambi kokubhaliswa ku-DEP uma umfakisicelo eye enikezwe imithi kadokotela ngenjongo yokwelashwa ngumzali noma umuntu osebenza ngokusemandleni "we-loco parentis" lapho leyo mithi akukalelwe kumfakisicelo. Izibonelo zifaka, kepha azikhawulelwanga ku-Valium no-Tylenol III. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezingekho emthethweni zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zidinga ukuxoshwa kumlawuli wesifunda.
Isiphathimandla ngasinye sesinqumo (isib. Umqashi, i-NCOIC; isiteshi sokuqasha i-CO; i-CO, isifunda sokuqasha, noma i-CG, isifunda sokuqasha) singabheka izinga lokubandakanyeka kwezidakamizwa zangaphambi kwenkonzo ukuba lidlulele ngokweqile futhi likhethe ukungavumelani kahle isicelo sokuxoshwa komfakisicelo ngokuqeda ukucubungula.
Ukuhluleka Ukudalula
Umfakisicelo angakhishwa ngenxa yokuhluleka ukudalula ukusetshenziswa noma ukuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni noma ezinqunyiwe, ukufaka izinkolelo ezivela kulowo msebenzi noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Umqashi uzokwazisa umfakisicelo wezimiso ezimbi ezingabangela ukuhluleka ukudalula.