Njengengxenye yenqubo yesicelo, abafakizicelo bomsebenzi bangadingeka ukuba bahlolwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala . Kuye ngomthetho wezwe kanye nenqubomgomo yenkampani, abaqashi bangenza lokhu ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlinzekwa noma njengengxabano yesipho. Abasebenzi bangase bahlolwe izidakamizwa noma utshwala emsebenzini, lapho kuvunyelwe umthetho kahulumeni.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezidakamizwa ezihlobene nomsebenzi nezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokuqashwa ezisetshenziswa abaqashi. Izinhlobo zezivivinyo zezidakamizwa ezibonisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala zihlanganisa ukuvivinya izidakamizwa zamanzi, izivivinyo zezidakamizwa zegazi, ukuvivinya izidakamizwa zezinwele, izivivinyo zokuphuza utshwala, izikrini zezidakamizwa ze-saliva, nokuguqula izikrini zezidakamizwa.
Nansi ulwazi ngezinhlobo zokuhlola izidakamizwa abaqashi abazisebenzisayo, lapho abafakizicelo nabasebenzi behlolwa, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezihlolwe.
Abahlolwayo izidakamizwa zabaqashi? Abaqashi bangase bahlole ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokuqashwa kwangaphambi komsebenzi futhi bangase bahlole abasebenzi ngezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukuqasha kungaxhomeka ekudluleleni izidakamizwa zangaphambi kokuqashwa kanye nokuhlolwa kotshwala. Imithetho yokuhlola izidakamizwa ihluka ngobuso. Kwamanye amazwe, kunemingcele yokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa nini nokuthi kanjani.
Kwezinye izimo, umthetho udinga ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, izimboni ezilawulwa nguMnyango wezokuThutha wase-US zihlanganiswa nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zikahulumeni noma zombuso.
Ngesikhathi abaqashi bengakwazi ukuhlola abasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile, kumele bahlale behambisana nendlela abafaka izicelo zokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa. Abakwazi ukuhlola abafakizicelo abathile ngomsebenzi othize ngenkathi bengaboni abanye - konke noma akukho.
Izinkampani eziningi zihlola abafakizicelo bomsebenzi ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njengengxenye yenqubo yokuqesha ukuqashwa . Futhi, abasebenzi bangase bahlolwe izidakamizwa noma noma ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kotshwala, lapho kuvunyelwe umthetho kahulumeni. Buyekeza inqubomgomo yesampula yokuhlola izidakamizwa yenkampani ecacisa nokuthi inkampani iveza kanjani futhi nini ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa nokuphuza. Kunemithetho ye-federal kanye neyezwe enikeza imihlahlandlela ngezinqubomgomo abaqashi abangasetha ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa emsebenzini. Abaqashi bangavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala, ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nabasebenzi bomlilo abahlanganyela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa bavikelwe yimithetho kahulumeni kanye nesifundazwe eqondisa ukucwaswa nokukhubazeka. Izisebenzi ezingase zifinyeleleke zingadingeka ukuba zihlolwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza ngaphambi kokuqashwa. Abasebenzi bangase bahlolwe izidakamizwa noma utshwala emsebenzini. Yini ongayenza uma ukhathazekile ngokudlulisa ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa? Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo izidakamizwa kusistimu yakho. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izinto ezihlukahlukene zihlala kangakanani egazini lakho nasemcinini, lapha.
05 Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi YamaMariju ne-Company
Udaba lwezokwelapha zomthetho nezokungcebeleka ezisemthethweni abasebenzi luyinkimbinkimbi ngoba uhulumeni wesifundazwe akahambisani nomthetho. Abanye bathi banomthetho ovikela abasebenzisi bezinyosi zezokwelapha, abanye abenzi. Isibonelo, umthetho weNew York's Caregiving Act uhlinzeka ngokuvikela abasebenzi. Isigulane esibhalwe ngoguli esibhedlela sibhekwa njengokuthi "sinokukhubazeka" ngaphansi komthetho waseNew York State Human Rights Law. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zegazi kungasetshenziswa lapho abafakizicelo bomsebenzi noma abasebenzi behlolwe izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa inani lotshwala noma izidakamizwa egazini ngesikhathi kukhishwa igazi. Izidakamizwa ezihlolwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi ngokujwayelekile ngenhloso yokuqashwa zihlanganisa amphetamines, cocaine, insangu, methamphetamines, opiates, nicotine, notshwala.
Ukuphefumula amadivaysi okuhlola utshwala, eyaziwa yigama linye uhlobo lwedivayisi - I-Breathalyzer - thola ukuthi utshwala lungakanani egazini. Ukuphuza ukuphuza utshwala kubonisa amazinga wamanje okukhubazeka noma ukudakwa, hhayi ukusetshenziswa okudlule. Ngokujwayelekile, ulayini owodwa ophuza utshwala luhlala ohlelweni lomuntu ngehora elilodwa. Isivivinyo somuthi we-swab womlomo, owaziwa nangokuthi uvivinyo lwe-saliva noma ukuhlolwa komlomo we-fluids, uqoqa amathe emlonyeni womfakisicelo noma womsebenzi. Amathe ami ahlolwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi namahora ambalwa adlule kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinsuku ezimbili. I-saliva kulula ukuyiqoqa nokuhlola, ngakho lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezilula futhi ezingenangqondo zokuhlola izidakamizwa. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezingu-09
Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zezinwele kunikeza iwindi lezinsuku ezingu-90 lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ayibonakali ukukhubazeka okwamanje ngenxa yezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa okudlulile kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zezinwele akutholakali ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Izinwele zingahlolwa i-cocaine, inambuzane, i-opiates, i-methamphetamine, ne-phencyclidine. Ukuze enze ukuhlolwa, ochwepheshe bazokwehlisa izinwele eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 eduze kwesibindi sokuhlola ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ku-shaft yezinwele. 10 Izidakamizwa ze-Urine kanye novivinyo lwe-Alcohol
Isivivinyo semithi yomchamo yilona luhlolo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho abafakizicelo bomsebenzi noma abasebenzi behlolwe izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Ukuhlaziywa kwezidakamizwa kubonisa ukuhlala kwezidakamizwa ezisele emzimbeni ngemuva kwemiphumela yesidakamizwa. Isivivinyo somuthi ovame ukuvotela umchamo ngezinhloso zomsebenzi izikrini zezidakamizwa kuhlanganise amphetamines, cocaine, insangu, methamphetamines, opiates, nicotine, nophuzo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine kungadingeka njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwangaphambi komsebenzi noma kungenziwa ngokulandelana ngabaqashi, ikakhulukazi abasebenzi emisebenzini ethile.