Abaculi Abadumile Abafa Ezingcupheni Ezincane

Abaculi abaningana bafa ezinqoleni ezincane eminyakeni eminingi. Abambalwa babenemisebenzi emifushane, kodwa umculo wabo usadumile namhlanje njengalapho kuqala udlalwa khona.

  • 01 Glenn Miller

    U-Glenn Miller wayengumculi we-trombonist ne-bandleader osebenza ngayo "i-Moonlight Serenade" waba yisignesha yomdlalo weMpi Yezwe II. Wayegibele indiza ye-Army Air Force Noorduyn Norseman UC-64A ngenkathi ishona endaweni ethile engaphezu kweNgesi YesiNgisi. NgoDisemba 15, 1944, indiza eyayithwele iMiller yahamba i-RAF Tinwood Ipulazi ngaseBedfordshire, eNgilandi ibe yindawo ezulu yomoya. Le indiza ayizange ifinyelele indawo yayo futhi yayingakaze ithole.

    Iqembu likaMiller lika-swing laliyithandani-ethandekayo kakhulu, uma kungenjalo ngempela i-orchestra ehlonishwa kakhulu, ye-band enkulu. Ujoyine ibutho ngesikhathi ethandwa kakhulu ngo-1942 futhi ekugcineni wahola iqembu lama-Army Air Force elingu-50 kuloluhambo lwama-800 e-Europe ngesikhathi sokulwa. UMiller wayezokwenza ekhonsathini yamabutho ahlangene eParis lapho indiza yakhe ibonakala khona kuze kube phakade.

    Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi indiza ye-enginini yaseCanada yaseCanada yaphahlazeka esiNgisini se-English ngemuva kokuhlangana nenkungu nokucwebezela -uNorseman wayaziwa ukuthi angakwazi ukuthatha imoto ye-carburetor icing. Amakhophi enkambiso ayeningi, kepha iningi lezinkolelo-zithi uMiller watholakala efile eParis, ukuthi wayeyingxenye yomzamo wempi eyimfihlo wokudiliza uHitler, noma ukuthi indiza yakhe yenziwa yi-aircraft indiza phezu kwe-English Channel-iye yaba kabanzi ikhanseliwe.

  • 02 uBuddy Holly

    NgoFebruwari 3, 1959, umculi odumile nomculi wezingoma, uBuddy Holly washonela ekushayweni kwezindiza, kanye nomculi uRitchie Valens kanye ne-rock star roll, JP "The Big Bopper" uRichardson. Ngemuva kokubhekana nezinkinga ngebhasi labo lokuvakasha, uHolly wanquma ukushayela indiza ukuba athathe i-trio endaweni ethile e-Clear Lake, e-Iowa eya eFargo, eNyakatho Dakota, eyayiyisiphephelo esiseduzane ukuya ekuhambeni kwabo okulandelayo e-Moorhead, Minnesota.

    Amalungiselelo enziwe nenkampani yohlu lendawo e-Mason City, Iowa, ukuze iqembu ligijimele ePargo eBeechcraft Bonanza. Umshayeli wezokuhweba oneminyaka engu-21 nomshayeli wendiza abazange babe nokulinganisa izinsimbi , ukulinganisa okudingekile ukushayela emafwini. Wayenamahora angu-711 ahamba ngezinyawo kanye namahora angu-128 kuphela kulawo mahora e-Bonanza. Ngemuva nje kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuhamba, le ndiza yabonakala ikhuphukela ngamamitha angaba ngu-800 bese ihla, ishaya epulazini engaphansi kwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-5 isuka esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ukusabalalisa kwengozi kusikisela ukuthi indiza yayisemgodini ojubane emhlabathini ebhange elingakwesokudla futhi kancane kancane. I-wreckage iphinde iphakamise ukuthi lo mshayeli wayenokulawula okuthile phezu kwezindiza lapho kunomthelela emhlabathini, okusho ukuthi umshayeli wayezama ukugibela indiza, kodwa mhlawumbe wayedakazeka kakhulu.

    Umbiko wengozi uthi ingozi ibangelwa isinqumo somshayeli sokuthatha ngaphansi kwezimo ezingcono kakhulu. Ebusuku, ebusika, ngokulala okuphansi kweqhwa kanye neqhwa ewela, umshayeli unamancane, uma ekhona, izinkomba ezibukwayo ngaphandle. Kulesi simo, umshayeli wesitimela akaqeqeshiwe ngokwanele ukuze abe ngaphansi kwemimoya ebonakalayo (VMC) , futhi umphumela wawulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwezindiza.

    Ngo-2015, umshayeli wezindiza ogama lakhe linguLJ Coon ucele i-NTSB ukuthi ibukeze isifundo sezehlakalo kulokhu kuphazamiseka okuthile, echaza izinkinga ezingaxazululwa eziphathelene nesisindo nokulinganisela, ama-gauge kagesi kanye nabanye, futhi ethi umshayeli wesibhamu wayedume ngokungadingekile, nokuthi ukholelwa ukuthi lo mshayeli wazama ukusebenza ngobuciko ezinyangeni zokugcina zezindiza.

    Ukufa kukaBuddy Holly kwaba yisikhuthazo sikaNgoma kaDon McLean esithi "American Pie" lapho ekhuluma khona ngosuku ngokuthi "usuku olwenziwa ngalo umculo."

  • 03 Patsy Cline

    Eminyakeni yakhe emithathu engama-30 emhlabeni, inkanyezi yomculo wezwe uPatsy Cline yasiza ukuvula indlela yabesifazane emculweni wezwe. Ukuphila kwakhe kwaphela ngo-Mashi 5, 1963, lapho iPiper PA-24 Comanche ibhayela ehlathini ngaseCamden, eTennessee. UCline wabulawa, kanye noCowboy Copas, Hawkshaw Hawkins, nomshayeli uRandy Hughes, owayengumphathi kaCline.

    Imininingwane eminingi ayibhaliwe mayelana nengozi, kodwa ubufakazi bokuthi u-Hughes ubamba izindiza ezintathu ezivela emakhonsathini enzuzo eKansas City ekhaya eNashville. Wakhetha ukuhamba ngendiza eDyersburg, eTennessee ukuyohlola isimo sezulu ngaphambi kokuqhubeka indiza. Ngisho noma umphathi wezindiza kanye nesimo sezulu briefer baxwayise ukuthi isimo sezulu sibi, uHughes wanquma ukungena ezimweni ze-IMC. Umlimi oseduze wasibona indiza encane ejikeleza indlu yakhe cishe ngo-7: 00 ngosuku lokushona, kanti omunye ufakazi wabona indiza iphuma emafutheni aphansi ngaphansi kwesimo sengqondo se-pit-down pitch.

  • 04 Ricky Nelson

    Okwesibili kuphela ku-Elvis, uRicky Nelson wayengumculi odumile kakhulu oqoshiwe oqoshiwe obala kakhulu ekupheleni kwawo-1950. UNelson wayeneminyaka engu-45 ubudala ngesikhathi ebulawa eceleni komlingani wakhe nabanye abagibeli abahlanu ababehamba nge-DC-3 eya eDallas Love Field ngoDisemba 31, 1985. Indiza yashaya ensimini ngaseDe Kalb, eTexas ngenxa umlilo ku-cabin kanye ne-cockpit. Umshayeli wezokushayela kanye nomshayeli wezokushayela basinda kepha baqhubeka nokushisa okukhulu emzimbeni wabo ophezulu.

    Ngemva kokufakaza emhlabathini wabona ukuthi indiza ijikeleza ngokungaqondakali, kwahanjiswa i-helicopter ukuzosiza. Umshayeli wezindiza wendiza wathola ukuthi indiza yayisemlilweni nokuthi abashayeli bezindiza bezama ukuthola indawo yomhlaba. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, indiza yavutha amalangabi futhi yaphahlazeka, ishaya umugqa wamandla endleleni. I-NTSB yembula isizathu esiyingozi sokuba umlilo, nakuba isizathu somlilo asaziwa. Izinto ezifakazelayo kufaka ukwehluleka komshayeli ukuqedela uhlu lokuhlola oluphuthumayo.

  • 05 Reba McEntire's Band

    Isithombe: Getty / Cooper Neill

    Ngo-Mashi 16, 1991, i-Hawker Siddeley DH125-1A ethwele amalungu ayisishiyagalombili eqembu likaReba McEntire lihlasele entabeni ngemuva kokuphuma eBrother Field Municipal Airport eSan Diego ebusuku. Le ndege, eya e-Amarillo, ishayisa endaweni ekhulayo imizuzu emithathu ngemuva kokuhamba ngaphansi kwemithetho yokubuka indiza (VFR). Abashayeli bezindiza babefake uhlelo lwezindiza lwe-IFR olwaludlulile ngenkathi behambe.

    Ngaphambi kokuhamba, umshayeli waba nezingxoxo ezimbili nomchwepheshe wendiza yendiza mayelana nendlela yokusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza . Uhlose ukuhamba bese ehlala i-VFR aze akwazi ukukhipha imvume yakhe ye-IFR emoyeni. Kwakudingeka ahlale ngaphandle noma engaphansi komngcele we-Class B airspace waseSan Diego kuze kube yilapho ekwazi ukuthola imvume yakhe, ngakho wakhetha ukuya empumalanga waya endaweni ekhulayo futhi ehlala phansi ngokwanele ukugibela umngcele we-Air Bpace. Ngenkathi usuka iVFR futhi uthola imvume ye-IFR ngenkathi emoyeni kuyindlela ejwayelekile, i-VFR encane yokuphakama okuphephile kuleyo ndawo yayiphakeme kunokuba umshayeli wagijima.

    Abagibeli abayisishiyagalombili, wonke amalungu eqembu likaMcEntire, bafa ngalobobusuku, kanye nalaba baqhubi ababili. UMcEntire, kanye nomyeni wakhe kanye nomphathi wakhe, banqume ukuchitha ubusuku eSan Diego futhi bahlele ukuhamba ngendiza ehlukile ngosuku olulandelayo.

  • 06 John Denver

    UJohn Denver wayengumculi nomculi owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke owayeyaziwa ngemizamo yakhe yokusiza abantu. Ushone ngo-Okthoba 12, 1997, ngesikhathi indiza eyakha i-Adrian Davis Long-EZ ibhekene nezindiza yashaya eMonterey Bay. Ngokombiko we-NTSB, uDenver walahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwendiza ngesikhathi ezama ukushintsha amathangi okhethiloli ngemuva kochungechunge lwe-Touch-and-ahamba e-Monterey Peninsula Airport e-Pacific Grove, eCalifornia.

    UDenver wayenama-DUI amaningi emkhokheni wakhe, futhi ekuqaleni, umphakathi wawuzibuza ukuthi ukushayisana kwakhe kwezindiza kwakuhlobene nokuphuza utshwala. Kodwa-ke, umbiko wesimo se-NTSB uthi iDenver yaphazamiseka futhi yalahlekelwa ukulawula.