Umlando Wokubhalisa Wesevisi Yakhethiwe
F noma iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, Isevisi yokukhetha (i-Draft) kanye nemfuneko yokubhalisela amantombazane aseMelika asebenzile njengehlelo lokusekela ukuze banikeze amandla emaphoyiseni ase-US Armed. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2016, iSenate ihlongoze uMthethosivivinywa ukuvumela abesifazane ukuba babhalise kuloluhlaka. ICongress yangempela igcizelela lo mbono kanye nethuba lokuba ngumthetho liphansi kakhulu njengoba kunemibono eminingi ehlukene kulo lonke uhlelo lwezempi .
I-United States ayizange isetshenziselwe ukusungula kusukela ngo-1973 futhi kukhona impikiswano yokuqeda ngokuphelele umthetho.
Umlando othile ku-Draft
UMengameli uFrank Roosevelt wasayina uMthetho Wokukhethwa Kokuqeqeshwa Nokusebenza ka-1940 owadala uhlelo lokuqala lokuthula lwendawo kulelizwe futhi wamisa ngokusemthethweni iSelective Service System njenge-Federal agency emele uMnyango Wezokuvikela.
Kusukela ngo-1948 kuze ku-1973, phakathi kokubili isikhathi sokuthula kanye nezinkathi zokuxabana, amadoda ahlelwa ukuba agcwalise izikhundla emabuthweni ahlomile awakwazi ukugcwaliswa ngezindlela zokuzithandela.
Umdwebo we-lottery - owokuqala kusukela ngo-1942 - wenziwa ngoDisemba 1, 1969, e-Headquarters Service National Headquarters eWashington, DC. Lo mcimbi wanikezela ukuhlelwa kokubizwa kokufakelwa ngesikhathi sekhalenda ngonyaka ka-1970, okungukuthi, kubhalisiwe abazalwa phakathi kukaJanuwari 1, 1944 noDisemba 31, 1950. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-lottery kwakuyishintsho kusukela endleleni endala kunazo zonke zokuqala, okwakuyindlela yokunquma ukuhlelwa kwekholi.
Ama-capsules angama-366 aseplastiki anezinsuku zokubeletha afakwa emgodini omkhulu wezingilazi futhi adonse ngesandla ukuze abanikeze izinombolo ze-oda-of-call kubo bonke abantu phakathi no-18-26 yobudala bebanga elichaziwe emthethweni weNkonzo Yezokukhethwa.
Ngomsakazo, ukufakwa kwefilimu kanye ne-TV, ama-capsules adonselwe emgodini, avuliwe, nezinsuku ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngokuthunyelwe.
I-capsule yokuqala - eyadonselwa yiCongressman Alexander Pirine (R-NY) yeKomiti Yezinsiza Zasekhaya - yayinomhla kaSeptemba 14, ngakho bonke abantu abazalwa ngoSeptemba 14 kunoma yimuphi unyaka phakathi kuka-1944 no-1950 banikezwe inombolo yeloti 1. Umdwebo uqhubeka kuze kube yilapho zonke izinsuku zonyaka zifaniswe nezinombolo ze-lottery.
Ngo-1973, loluhlaka lwaphela futhi i-US yaguqulwa e-Military All Volunteer.
Imfuneko yokubhalisa yamiswa ngo-Ephreli 1975. Yabuye yaphinda iphinda yaqala ngo-1980 nguMongameli uCarter ngokuphendula ukuhlasela kweSoviet kwe-Afghanistan. Ukubhaliswa kuyaqhubeka namhlanje njengendlela yokuzivikela ekuphikiseni inani lezinceku ezidingekayo esikhathini esizayo
Yeka ukuthi lo Mqulu ushintshile kanjani kusukela eVietnam
Uma uhlaka lwaba khona namuhla, luyoba luhluke kakhulu kulowo owenziwa ngesikhathi seMpi YeVietnam. Uchungechunge lwezinguquko phakathi nengxenye yokugcina yezingxabano zaseVietnam zashintsha indlela uhlaka olwenziwe ngalo olwenza lube olungcono futhi olulinganayo. Uma ngabe uhlaka lwaba khona namhlanje, kuzoba nezizathu ezimbalwa zokuxolela indoda kusuka enkonzweni.
Ngaphambi kweCongress eyenze ngcono ukuhlelwa kohlaka ngo-1971, indoda ingakwazi ukufaneleka uma umfundi ebonisa ukuthi uyisikole esigcwele isikhathi esenza intuthuko eyanelisayo ngezinga.
Ngaphansi komthetho oshaywayo wamanje, umfundi wekolishi angakwazi ukuhlehliswa kwe-induction kuze kube sekupheleni kwesimester yamanje. Umuntu ophezulu angahlehliswa kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka wezifundo.
Ukuhlelwa okubanjwe namuhla kungasebenzisa i-lottery ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlelwa kwekholi.
Ngaphambi kokuba i-lottery isetshenziswe engxenyeni yokugcina yezingxabano zaseVietnam, amabhodi wendawo abizwa ngokuthi amadoda ahlukanisa i-1-A, 18 1/2 kuya ku-25 ubudala, endala kuqala. Lokhu kuholele ekuqinisekiseni ama-draftees angakhona phakathi nesikhathi esiphezu kweqembu labadala abafanelekayo. Ukuhlelwa kwesibalo namuhla kuzosebenzisa isimiso se-lottery lapho umuntu angasebenzisa khona umnyaka owodwa kuphela kuqala ekuqalisweni kwalolu daba - noma unyaka wekhalenda waphendukela eminyakeni engu-20 noma ngonyaka ukukhululwa kwakhe kwaphela. Unyaka ngamunye emva kwalokho, uzobekwa eqenjini eliphansi kanye nokuzibophezela kwakhe kulolu hlelo kunganciphisa ngokufanele.
Ngale ndlela, wayezoshiya ukungaqiniseki kokulinda kuze kube usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe lwama-26 ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ngeke abhalwe phansi.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kwayo izindleko kanye namakhono eSikhethiwe Sokusebenza Kwamanje emiphakathini yempi yanamuhla, iHhovisi lezokuHlola likaHulumeni (GAO) likhuthaze ukuthi uMnyango wezokuVikela waseMelika (DOD) uphinde uhlole isidingo sakhe sohlelo lokuSebenza.