Lokhu kushayisana kwezindiza kufanele kube yisixwayiso kubaqhubi bezindiza yonke indawo ngokuphathelene nezinombolo eziningana, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zokuhamba, izingozi ezihamba ngezindiza ebusuku , izindiza ezilawulwayo zibe yindawo , izimvume ze-VFR / IFR, kanye nendima yabachwepheshe bezindiza ekunikeleni isiqondiso nezeluleko mayelana indiza.
Ngokombiko wezehlakalo ze - NTSB , izindiza ze-Hawker Siddeley DH.125-1A / 52 (inguquko endala ye-Hawker 800) zaphahlakela entabeni ngemuva kokushiya ku-Brown Field Municipal Airport ngoMashi 16, 1991. Abagibeli ababili nabagibeli abayisishiyagalombili ebhodini babulawa, kuhlanganise namalungu amaqembu ayisikhombisa kanye nomphathi weqembu le-superstar Reba McEntire. UMcEntire, kanye nomyeni wakhe, owayengumphathi wakhe, bekunqume ukuchitha ubusuku eSan Diego ngaphambi kokuba bahambe ekuseni ekuseni.
Ibhanoyi yayizoqhutshwa ohlelweni lwezindiza oluvela eBrown Field, elingaphandle kwe- airspace yase-San Diego yase-San Diego, eya e-Amarillo, eTexas, okuzobe iyimoto yokuhamba ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lo mshayeli ukhulume nongcweti wenkonzo yezindiza hhayi kanye kodwa kathathu ngomzamo wokuthola indlela yokuhamba ngayo esikhumulweni sezindiza.
Phakathi nengxoxo yokuqala nomchwepheshe wendiza yendiza, lo mshayeli wafaka uhlelo lwezindiza ze-IFR. Kwakungathi ngo-11: 20 ntambama ngesikhathi sendawo, futhi umshayeli wabuza ukuthi uhambe esikhumulweni sezindiza ngaphansi kwe-VFR futhi uthola imvume yakhe ye-IFR uma ehamba emoyeni.
I-briefer yabuza umshayeli uma ejwayele inqubo yokuhamba, futhi umshayeli wamaphoyisa wathi, "Cha, hhayi ngempela." Ochwepheshe bezindiza bazama ukubheka izinqubo zokuhamba ukuze badlulisele ulwazi kumshayeli, futhi lapho kwaba nokudideka mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani izinqubo. Akekho umshayeli wezindiza noma u-briefer owakwazi ukuthola ngokushesha. Ekugcineni umshayeli wemoto wathatha isinqumo sokuthi uzobheka inqubo ngendlela yokuzihlola ngokwakhe.
Cishe ngo-11: 53 ntambama, umshayeli wabiza uchwepheshe wesevisi yezindiza futhi wabika ukuthi akakwazanga ukuthola inqubo evamile yokuhamba yocingo okukhulunywe ngayo nguchwepheshe. Phakathi nengxoxo, kwaxoxwa ukuthi i-SID yayitholakala esigabeni se-STAR (ukujwayelekile okufika kokugcina) kwencwadi yokugcina izinqubo, futhi izinqubo zafundwa kumshayeli. Umshayeli wabiza ukuthi yilokho ayekudinga futhi ucingo lwaphela.
Ikholi yesithathu yenziwa esiteshini sezindiza sezindiza ngo-12: 28 ekuseni ngomshayeli, futhi ngalesi sikhathi umshayeli wamaphoyisa wayebuza ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo ye-IFR yokuhamba eya kumyisa emngceleni we-Class B airspace. Umshayeli wezindiza wayazi ukuthi ngokusebenzisa inqubo evamile yokuhamba komculo njengomqhubi we-VFR, kungenzeka ukuthi abe se-Class B airspace ngaphambi kokuba athole imvume yakhe, okuyinto ezoba yinkinga ngoba imvume iyadingeka ukungena kwe-Class B airspace.
Ngesikhathi socingo lokugcina, umshayeli wamaphoyisa ucele umchwepheshe ngaleyo nqubo, amkhumbuze ukuthi uhlose ukuhamba nge-VFR futhi ukhombisa ukuthi mhlawumbe kufanele asuke enyakatho-mpumalanga futhi ahlale e-VFR engaphansi kwezinyawo ezintathu. I-briefer ivumile, ithi "Yebo, ngiyaqiniseka, lokho kuzoba kuhle."
Ochwepheshe bezindiza noma umshayeli wezindiza akazange acabangele indawo ekhuphuka empumalanga yezindiza, futhi akekho kubo abaqaphele ukuthi izinga elincane lomkhakha (MSA) empumalanga yendiza yezindiza, ngokuya ekuhambeni, laliyizinyawo ezingu-7 600 - ngaphezulu Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-3 000 lapho umshayeli wamaphoyisa akhetha ukuhamba. I-VFR encane yokuphakama okuphephile kwalomkhakha othile yayingamamitha angu-6 900.
Umshayeli wemoto wasuka ku-Runway 8 eBrown Field ngo-1: 41 ekuseni. Isimo sezulu esiteshini sezindiza esiseduze sabonakala sicacile, ukubonakala kwakungenani ngamamayela angu-10, futhi imimoya yayizolile.
OFakazi babike ukuthi amafu kungenzeka ukuthi ayeseduze nezinyawo ezingu-4 000 ezungeze indawo yengozi. Ngomzuzu owodwa ngemuva kokuhamba, indiza yaxhumana nendawo yokulawula indlela yokucela imvume yokucela imvume yakhe ye-IFR futhi yamtshela ukuthi imvume yakhe yayivuliwe, kodwa ukuma futhi umlawuli uzoyibuyisela ohlelweni. Indiza yashaya eNtabeni yeSan Isidro ephakeme ngamamitha angaba ngu-3 300 nje emva kokunikezwa ikhodi ye-squawk nge-ATC. Ukuphakama kwentaba yezintaba, ngokwezigaba ze-VFR, ihlala cishe ngamamitha angu-3,550.
Ngokomphenyi, iphiko lezindiza liye lashaya phezulu entabeni, futhi lihamba ngekhanda izikhathi eziningi, lihlakaza indawo yokulwa kwamanzi. Umbiko we-NTSB wathola isizathu esiyingozi sengozi ukuthi: "Ukuhleleka okungalungile / isinqumo somshayeli, ukungaphumeleli komshayeli ukugcina ukuphakama okufanele nokuvumeleka endaweni yezintaba, futhi ukwehluleka komkopishi ukubhekelela ngokwanele ukuqhubeka kwendiza. Izinto ezihlobene nalengo yile ngozi: Ulwazi olungenalutho lomhlaba oluhlinzekwa ngumchwepheshe wezindiza ngesikhathi se-preflight emfushane emva kokuba umshayeli ebuza mayelana nokuhamba kwezinga eliphezulu, ubumnyama, indawo yezintaba, kokubili ukungabi khona komshayeli okujwayele ukujwayela indawo, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-copilot ujwayelene nendiza. "
Le ngozi ingumqondo wokuxwayisa ukuba bonke abagibeli baqaphele lapho bephuma i-VFR noma IFR ebusuku, ikakhulukazi ensimini engajwayelekile. Ukube laba baqhubi bazithatha isikhathi sokuthola imvume ye-IFR emhlabathini, noma bathathe isikhashana ukubuka ukuphakama kwemikhakha encane (MSA) ngendlela ye-IFR noma ishadi lokuhamba noma ishadi le-VFR kungenzeka ukuthi lalisindisa izimpilo ezingu-10 ngalobo busuku.
Ngemuva kwengozi, abaphenyi baxoxisana nomqhubi wendiza ukuze baqonde ukuthi kungani abashayeli bezindiza bengazi indawo yezungezile, ngisho nangemva kokushayela esiteshini sezindiza emahoreni. Ngokwalo mbiko ovela ku-flightsafety.org, abaphenyi bacela umnikazi weDuncan Aircraft Sales, owayesebenza ngendiza, uma abashayeli bezindiza bephethe i-VFR yamashadi esigaba. Impendulo, mhlawumbe ingamangazi, mhlawumbe imelela isiko lokuphepha esingenangqondo: "Le ngubo ye-jet godtn, asihambisani namashadi we-VFR."