Ngenkathi abantu bekhokhwa ngenkonzo yabo empini ye-United States, isinqumo sokujoyina amasosha sinokuzithandela ngokuphelele. Igatsha ngalinye lezinsizakalo linemfuneko ehlukene yokubhalisa, kodwa kunezidingo ezithile ezijwayelekile zonke amagatsha abambelele kuzo.
Phakathi kwalezi zidingo ukuthi yibo kuphela abantu abayizizwe zase-US abangaba izikhulu ezithunyelwe e-United States. Labo ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zase-US bahlanganisa izakhamizi zasePuerto Rico, i-Northern Marianas Islands, amaFederal States aseMicronesia, i-Guam, i-US Virgin Islands, i-American Samoa, neRiphabhuliki yaseMarshall Islands. Abangewona izakhamizi bayakwazi ukujoyina ezempi kodwa abakwazi ukuthunyelwa.
Umuntu ongeyena isakhamuzi kumele ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze afanele ukujoyina amasosha. Kumele kube neKhadi Lokuthola I-Alien Registration Card (isitembu se-I-94 noma i-I-551 Green card / INS Ifomu 1-551) kanye nokuhlala okuhlala kahle okwakhiwa ngerekhodi le-US njengekhaya labo. Uma abangewona izakhamuzi bevela emazweni anedumela lokuzondwa e-US, bangadinga ukuyeka. Uhulumeni kahulumeni akakwazi ukukhalaza egameni lomfiki ongemthetho ukuze bathole isimo sezomthetho futhi bakwazi ukujoyina amasosha.
Ukuze umuntu ovela kwelinye izwe ajoyine isosha laseMelika, kufanele aqale ngenqubo yokufuduka kwe-USCIS (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-INS) bese eqala inqubo yokubhalisa . Enye imfuneko ukuthi i-Green Card kanye / noma i-visa yomfiki ofisa ukujoyina amasosha kufanele ivumeleke isikhathi sonke sokubhaliswa kwabo.
Abafuduki abangabanjwanga ngamacala angase bangabhalisi empini yase-US.
UMengameli Obama uzama ukudlulisa umthetho ozovumela abokufika ngokungemthetho ukuba bathole ubuzwe babo uma bekhonza empini. Ukuphatha kuka-Obama kwamemezela uhlelo lwayo olwenziwe kabusha ngoJuni ka-2012 futhi manje selukele abantu abangaphezu kuka-150 000 abasha abangabhalwanga ohlelweni abavumela ukuba bathole imisebenzi. Ukufaneleka kwepholisi kufana nokuhambisana nohlaka lwe-Dream Act, isikweletu esinezinkulungwane eziyishumi esizovumela abafuduki abasha abangabhalwanga ngabangena e-United States njengabantwana - abavame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Dreamers-ukuba babe izakhamuzi uma behlangabezana nemigomo ethile.
I-Dream Act inezinhlinzeko ezithile zemisebenzi yezempi kulabo abaphuphayo bangase baye ekolishi noma bajoyine amasosha ukuze bazuze kwi-Dream Act. Nakuba izifiki zifanelekile ukwenza isenzo esishicilelwe uma sezikhululwe ngokuhloniphekile emasosheni, abafuduki abangabhalwanga ngamagama abathintekayo abafanelekile ukujoyina, okusho ukuthi inqubomgomo izosebenza kuphela uma isivele ikhonza.
Abantu abafaka isicelo empini futhi abangewona izakhamuzi banomkhawulo wesikhathi esisodwa senkonzo. Uma abangewona izakhamizi beba izakhamuzi zase-US ngaleso sikhathi bavunyelwe ukuphinda babhale kabusha.
Kumuntu ovela kwelinye izwe owajoyina i-US. ezempi, uma sezikhona emsebenzini osebenzayo empini, inqubo yokuphuma kumuntu ongewona isakhamuzi isakhamuzi sase-US ingenziwa ngokushesha. Izinsizakalo zamabutho kanye nezinsizakalo ze -US Citizenship and Immigration Services zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zivuselele inqubo yokufaka isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi yamalungu enkonzo. NgoJulayi 2002, uMongameli wakhipha umyalo omkhulu owenza amalungu angamabutho ahlomile afanelekile ukuba abe yisakhamuzi sase-US esheshayo. Ukubuyekezwa komthetho wezakhamuzi zase-US ngo-2004 kuye kwavumela i-USCIS ukuba iqhube ukuxoxisana ngokwemvelo kanye nemikhosi yamalungu ahlomile angamazwe angaphandle ase-US asebenza ezisekelweni zasemaphandleni phesheya. Ngokombiko we-USCIS kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2008, amalungu angaphezu kuka-5 055 enkonzo angaphandle kwamanye amazwe abe izakhamizi phakathi nemikhosi yezempi yangaphandle kwezempi ngenkathi esebenza ngokugcwele emazweni afana ne-Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo, neKenya, nasePacific engena e-USS Kitty Hawk.
Kusukela ngoSeptemba 2001, i-USCIS isungule amalungu angaphezu kuka-37,250 angaphandle kwamabutho ahlomile futhi inikezela izakhamuzi eziyisikhombisa ezingu-111 ezisezweni langaphandle.
Ngokusho kukaFebhuwari 2008 idatha evela eMnyangweni wezokuVikela , abangaphezu kuka-65,000 abafuduki (abangewona izakhamizi kanye nezakhamuzi ezizimele) babesebenza ngokugcwele emsebenzini we-US Army Forces. Lokhu kumelela cishe u-5% wabo bonke abasebenzi abasebenza ngokusebenza. Ngomhlaba, unyaka ngamunye cishe abangaba ngu-8 000 abangewona izakhamuzi abangene empini. Amazwe amabili aphezulu emvelaphi yabasebenzi basezempi azalwa kwamanye amazwe e-US yiPhilippines neMexico, cishe amaphesenti angaba ngu-11 alabo abakhonza empi beyiMvelaphi yaseSpain.
Impi inenzuzo enkulu ngokusebenza kwabangaphandle bayo. Abaqashi abangenabemi banikeza ukuhlukahluka kobuhlanga, ubuhlanga, izilimi, kanye namasiko kunezakhamuzi eziqashiwe. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwanikezwa uhlelo lwezempi olwandayo lwezempi. Ukwengeza, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi: Ama-Asian / Pacific Isiqhingi namaSpanishi abangewona izakhamuzi eziye zasebenza okungenani izinyanga ezingu-3 cishe cishe amaphesenti ayishumi okushiya insizakalo kunezakhamuzi ezimhlophe. Abangewona izakhamizi abaye bakhonza okungenani izinyanga ezingu-36 bangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-9 ukuya kwangu-20 okushiya insizakalo kunezakhamuzi ezimhlophe.
Imithombo: Umthombo Wokwaziswa Wokufuduka, One America nezobulungiswa kubo bonke, i-White House, Pres. UBarack Obama