Ama-ejensi wokulinganisa ahlola amandla ezemali ezinkampani kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, zombili ezifuywayo nakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi ikhono labo lokuhlangabezana nokukhokha kanye nenkokhelo eyinhloko ekubolekeni kwabo nakwezinye izikweletu. Ama-ejensi wokulinganisa afunde ngokucophelela imigomo nemibandela yenkinga ngayinye yezikweletu. Ukulinganisa kwesikweletu esinikeziwe sikhombisa izinga le-ejenti lokuthi ubolekayo uzokwazi ukukhokhela izinkokhelo ezithembisayo zenzalo kanye nenhloko njengoba kuhleliwe.
Isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwesikweletu esinikeziwe singase sihluke ngokukodwa kunani eliphelele lokukweleta umklomelo, kuye ngokwemigomo ethile.
Impact
Izinkinga zezikweletu nezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zezikweletu ezivela e-ejensi zizofaka amanani entengo ephansi kakhulu. Ukuthembela kwabathengi kubanini bokuboleka ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo zokukhokha kuthonywa kakhulu yi-ejensi yokulinganisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lesithakazelo elifunwa ngabatshalizimali esikhungweni esithile esikweletwa sithinteka ngokubambisana ne-creditworthiness yombolekekisi: Abakhokhi abanamandla abakhokhela abakhokhi abancinci ababuthakathaka bakhokhela ngaphezulu.
I-Analogy
Ama-ejensi wokulinganisa ngesikweletu enza umsebenzi ofanayo kuma-credit bureaus wabathengi. Izikolo zemali esikweletu ezikhiqizwa abantu ngabanye zithonya ngokulinganayo amazinga ezithakazelo abantu abangababoleka ngazo.
Amathuba emisebenzi
Ukusebenza njengomhlaziyi ku-ejensi yokulinganisa kuyindlela eyodwa yokuphishekela umsebenzi ekucwaningeni kwamasheya . Ama-ejenti amakhulu okulinganisa avame ukuba nezinombolo eziningi zokuvula nezinga lokungena ezingeni lokungena ukuze bakwazi ukuqapha inani elikhulu lezimali ezikweletini emakethe.
Ngakho-ke basiza ukuqeqesha inani elikhulu labantu abagcina ekusebenzeni kwezinye izindawo embonini yezinsizakalo zezezimali, ngendlela efanayo.
Ama-Negatives
Ama-ejenti wokulinganisa ahloswe imizamo yokulungisa, ngokuthola ukugxekwa okuqhubekayo eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yekhwalithi yocwaningo lwabo. Abaningi abakubonayo bathi bangabonisi bemali abahluphekayo, abaphuzi kakhulu ukubona izinkomba ezimbi kubanikezeli abazitholayo, futhi sekwephuzile kakhulu ukubuyekeza izilinganiso zabo.
Kukhona nezingxabano ezithakazelisayo ngoba (ngaphandle kuka-Egan-Jones, inkampani encane ebeka abasebenzisi ukulinganisa kanye nemibiko yayo) abanikeli bezinkampani bakhetha futhi bakhokhela i-ejensi yokulinganisa ngezibopho zabo. Ngo-2008 ucwaningo lwabaqeqeshi bezokutshalwa kwezimali yiCFA Institute, abangu-11% abaphendulile bathi baye babona ama-ejensi wokulinganisa ukuthuthukisa izilinganiso zesibopho ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kwabakhiqizi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isifundo se-Federal Reserve sika-2003 savuma ukuphikisana kodwa saphetha ngokuthi kwakukhona ukuphazamiseka okuncane, ukuthola ukuthi ama-ejensi wokulinganisa abeka kakhulu ukubaluleka kokuqapha ukuhlonishwa kwawo kunokuba kumakhasimende anelisayo.
AmaFree Leader
Amafemu amathathu alawula lo mkhakha. I-Wall Street Journal ("Ukubizela ukunciphisa izilinganiso zokulinganisa," 8/10/2011), nansi izilinganiso zabo eziphelele kanye nesabelo ngasinye esimele samanani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,8 ezikhishwe ngokubambisana yizinhlangano eziyishumi ezilinganiselwe zeStatistical Statistics Izinhlangano ( Ama-NRSRO) aqokiwe futhi aqashwe yi-SEC:
- I-S & P (izilinganiso ezingu-1,190,500, noma i-42.2%)
- I-Moody's (ukulinganisa okungu-1,039 187, noma i-36.9%)
- Fitch (ukulinganisa okungu-505,024, noma i-17.9%)
Ngokwe-analyst Piper Jaffray ocwaningayo ocashunwe esihlokweni se- WSJ esishiwo ngenhla, ama-ejensi amakhulu kakhulu amathathu okulinganisa ndawonye athole amaphesenti angama-95 emali kulo mkhakha.
Isiboniso sokuthi isihlobo sabo sihlobene nalokho, kuyilapho i-Standard & Poor's iduduza izimakethe nge-8/5/2011 yokudilizwa kwe-US federal debt ku-AA +, u-Egan-Jones kakade wayenze okufanayo ngaphambili, kodwa akakunaki.
Ama-NRSRO angu-7 asele ahlanganisa kuphela ukulinganisa okungu-81 955, noma u-2.9%. Bathi, ngeminyaka abaqala ngayo:
- AM Best (eyasungulwa ngo-1899, izilinganiso zokuqala ezikhishwe ngo-1907)
- I-DBRS (1976)
- I-Japan Credit Rating Agency (1985)
- Ukulinganisa nolwazi lokutshala izimali. (1986)
- Ukulinganisa kuka-Egan-Jones (1995)
- Ukulinganisa Kwezinkokhelo ze-Morningstar (2001)
- I-Kroll Bond Rating Agency (2011; uJules Kroll wasungula uphenyo uKroll Associates ngo-1984)
Izinga elihlanganisiwe, elijwayelekile & eliphansi ne-Moody lika-80% wabo bonke izinkampani ezinkampani ezinobambiswano nabomasipala (zombuso nohulumeni). Ngokuvamile kubonakala njengenhloko engaphezulu kwe-Fitch.
Ilungu elidala kunazo zonke ze-NRSRO eziyishumi ngu-AM Best, omncane, kodwa ohlonishwayo, ochwepheshe ezinkampanini zomshuwalense wokulinganisa.