Njalo eminyakeni emibili, i-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) icela izicelo zezinhlelo zayo ze-astronaut. Lokho akuzange kushintshe, naphezu kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ohlelweni lwe-shuttle (kanye nemthelela yalo embi eminye imisebenzi eminingi yesikhala.)
Kuyafaneleka ukuba iqale ku-War Cold, uhlelo lwe-astronaut lwe-NASA ekuqaleni lwaluhlose abashayeli bezindiza abakhulu futhi abaqhakazile empi yase-US, phakathi kwabo i-aviator ye-navy Scott Carpenter kanye nabanye abantu baseMarine John Glenn. Izakhamuzi sezilokhu zithathwe emiphakathini ehlukene yabantu abahlali njengabanjiniyela, ososayensi, kanye nabafundisi, kodwa amasosha ahlala emthonjeni obalulekile wabokhetho. Abadlali abahlanu abahamba phambili emakilasini ka-2009 no-2004 babengamalungu enkonzo esebenzayo, phakathi kuka-300 emlandweni we-NASA.
Abaqashi be-astronaut banamanje balondoloza izibopho zabo zezinsizakalo kanye nezinsizakalo ngenkathi babelwa eListern Johnson Space Centre eHouston, eTexas, ukuvakasha iminyaka emihlanu.
Izidingo ze-NASA
Nakuba i-post-baccalaureate degrees ikhethwa, i-NASA ifuna izimboni ngezinga eliphakeme le-bachelor - ikakhulukazi ezigxile ku-engineering, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, isayensi yemvelo, noma izibalo.
Futhi abafuni iziqu ezibhekene ne-fresh-faced: Abadlali abafuna ukuthola izinto kufanele babe "okungenani iminyaka emithathu yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisanayo, okuqhubekayo, nokuqeqeshwa" (i- Astronaut Selection and Training , PDF) nakuba i-master degree ingakwazi ukuthatha isikhundla sonyaka owodwa, nodokotela abathathu iminyaka, yalowo mfuneko.
Abashayeli bezindiza nabaphathi (cishe akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu manje ukuthi sizobe sithukuthelela ama-cabs-space cabs) futhi badinga amahora angu-1 000 okuhlangenwe nakho njengomshayeli-ngomyalo.
Futhi, noma yikuphi umuntu ozobhapathizwayo - isosha noma abomphakathi - kumele adlule isikhala se-NASA ngokomzimba futhi abe okungenani amasentimitha angu-58 ubude, kodwa akekho omude kunezingu-6 '4. Abaqhubi bezindiza bangahlala phakathi kuka-5' 2 no-6 '3. (Kuhlale njalo leyo intshi eyengeziwe okukubulala.)
Izidingo Zempi
Ngokuvamile, abakwa-astronaut bezombusazwe bangamakhelwane base-US futhi baphathiswa izikhulu okungenani iminyaka emihlanu yokusebenza komsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwezidingo ze-NASA, iMigomo ye-Army kanye ne-Marine Corps iphinda ihlele izigatshana ezingamukeleki, kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, i-psychology (ngaphandle uma imitholampilo, imvelo, noma isilingo), ukuhlengikaza, ukuvivinya umzimba, isayensi yezenhlalakahle kanye nokuhamba kwezindiza.
Zonke izithemba ze-NASA ziyasebenza ngokusebenzisa i-Federal recruiting hub e-USAJobs, kodwa abakhethiweyo bezempi baphinde bathumele isicelo ngokusebenzisa umzila wabo womyalo. Ngisho noma i-NASA ibona uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha, izinsizakalo zinezinkomba enkambisweni ngokusebenzisa "ibhodi lokukhetha" - uhlobo olufanayo lwekomidi lesikhulu elikhetha ukukhushulwa. (Nokho, i-Marine Corps, yehla ebhodini lokukhetha ngo-Ephreli 2012, ukukhomba ukuthi iNASA yazi kahle ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani insizwa.)
Oh, futhi leyo ngxenye mayelana nezikhulu ezithunyelwe? Ngokusobala, kukhona okunye okuhlukile: I-Air Force izokwamukela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela kumapholisa noma ezibhalisiwe .
... Lindela, Yini?
Yebo, isikhulu sezinsizakalo ze-Air Force sisesimweni esilandelayo ngonyaka ka-2011 esithi abasebenzi abangabhaliswa bangafaka isicelo. Ngeshwa, imininingwane ye-juicier ivinjiwe kwiwebhusayithi ephephile itholakala kuphela kubasebenzi be-Air Force.
Njengabaningi, ngangithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi bonke abashayeli bezempi bayathunyelwa, izikhulu. Idatha iqinisekisa lokhu okusola: Akekho noyedwa owabhaliswa yi-astronaut - wamanje, owayengumdala, noma oshonile - ubizwa ngeNASA ka-2005 ye-Astronaut Fact Book (PDF) noma ohlwini lwaso lwamanje.
Ngakho-ke, siyini lesi sici? Ngokuthembeka, ngaphandle kokufinyelela kumawebhusayithi aphephile e-Air Force, angimazi nje. Kodwa uma kunoma yiliphi igatsha okufanele linikeze abantu abafakwe ohlwini, uMoya Wezempi uhambisana nalo mthethosivivinywa njengomsekeli omkhulu wesikhala.
U-airman obambe iqhaza emkhakheni onjenge- Space Systems Operations , onomthwalo wesipiliyoni kanye nemfundo engekho emsebenzini, angenza icala elinamandla lokuba yi-astronaut yokuqala ebhalisiwe.
Kusukela ekuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​njengomhleli wezemisebenzi eMarines, ngingasho kuphela ukuthi uma kunokuthile okulotshiwe ukuthi uthi kufanelekile, kufanelekile ukufaka isicelo. Kodwa ungasebenzi nanoma yikuphi ukufaneleka kwamalungelo.
I-Outlook Outlook
Phela, noma yikuphi u-astronaut ongabhekana nakho uzobhekene nesikhathi eside: "amaphesenti angu -7." Kusho u-Army uColonel Tim Creamer, ocashunwe ngo-2008 yi-Army.mil. Esihlokweni esifanayo, uColonel Jeff Williams usemhlalaphansi wavuma ukulinda iminyaka eyishumi nokulahlwa okuningi ngaphambi kokuba akwenze ku-NASA, enezela, "Ungabeki amaqanda akho enqoleni eyodwa - kodwa. . . yiba njalo. "
Lezi zeluleko ezihlakaniphile kunoma yiliphi iqembu elisezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi isabelo lapho ukuhlela okude isikhathi eside - kanye nekusasa elikusanda kudala - kungakha isimo sokuthi "siphuthume futhi silinde" sinezinamandla ngisho nangomntwana osondelene kakhulu.
Akusikho ukuthi abadlali bezinkanyezi ngeke benze lutho: Naphezu kokuthatha umhlalaphansi we-shuttle eyedlule yase-US ngonyaka ka-2012, i-NASA izoqhubeka ithumela abantu bayo ngokuthenga izihlalo zobuciko baseRashiya, kuze kube yilapho kubambisana nemboni yendawo yokuthengisa ibantsana iqala ukukhokha.
Futhi i-NASA isakhangisa izikhundla ze-astronaut. Izinkampani zokukhetha ze-Astronaut ezinhlangothini ngayinye zezinsizakalo ezihlanganiswe ngonyaka ka-2012 ngamagama abashayeli bezinto ezizayo abangalindela ukubika ku-NASA ngasekupheleni kuka-2013.
Iphuzu liwukuthi: ukungena ohlelweni lwe-astronaut ngokusebenzisa amasosha ngumgomo ofanelekayo, kodwa kudinga ukubekezela okukhulu, ukubonelela phambili nokuzinikezela. Futhi ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa, kungcono uma usuvele unesimo sezemisebenzi esivumelana nezimo ukuze lezo zincwadi zokulahla zingabhubhisi impilo yakho.