Invention, Umsebenzi, Ukusetshenziswa Nokuphikisana Komsebenzi
Imisebenzi ye-Usher Brave New World yokumisa umthetho
Amaphoyisa awafani. Amaphoyisa okuphatha amathwali amathwalense athatha namuhla ahamba ngezindlela eziningi ukukhala kude nalabo asebenzako esikhathini esedlule, futhi ambalwa amathuluzi abe nomthelela omkhulu noma ahlangabezane nokuphikisana okuningi njengedivayisi yokulawula i-electronic, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Taser.
Amadivayisi Wokulawula I-elekthronikhi: Yenzelwe Ukulondoloza Ukuphila
Umqondo wedivaysi yokulawula i-electronic (ECD) igxile emcabangweni wokuthi izimpikiswano ezingase zibe nobudlova zingathathwa ngesiphetho esiphelele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla okubulala lapho kunokwenzeka. I-ECD ayihloselwe ukufaka isibhamu esikhundleni, kepha inikeza izindlela eziphephile zokubhekana nezimo ezingasebenzi ezibulalayo. I-ECD eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ephumelele kakhulu kuze kube yimanje yi-Taser, eyenziwe futhi yasakazwa yi-Taser International.
Invention of the Taser: I-Science Fiction Iza Ekuphileni
Ethuthukisiwe ngawo-1960 nguJohn Cover, isibhamu se-Taser yisimo sokufaniswa kwezesayensi yobuqiniso beqiniso. Behluke kwezinye izibhamu kanye nezikhali ze-electroshock ukuthi zingasuswa futhi zisetshenziswe kude. Lesi sikhali sathonywa ngqo yizindaba ezithandwayo zezindaba ze- Tom Swift zesayensi, okuyi- Tom Swift ne-Rifle Yakhe Yomlilo .
Igama elithi "Taser", empeleni, libizwa ngokuthi ngu-Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle.
Ngokungafani nemodeli eqanjiwe, umshini wangempela awuvali ugesi noma udubule ezindongeni ngaphandle kokushiya izimbobo. Kodwa-ke, inikeza amaphoyisa kanye nezakhamuzi ezizimele izindlela zokuzivikela ezingakwazi ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda amathuba okulimala okubi noma ukufa, kokubili kubo kanye nabahlaseli babo.
Akuyona i-Ready Ready For Time Prime
Imodeli yokuqala, eyakhelwe ngokuqondile yi-Cover, isetshenzisiwe ngesibhamu se-gun ukuze iqalise amashaya afakwe amandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwahlukaniswa njengesibhamu futhi akubonanga ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. I-ejensi yamaphoyisa kanye nezakhamizi ezizimele ezifuna izindlela ezingezona ezibulalayo noma ezingekho ngaphansi kwezibulali kungenasithakazelo kulokho abakubonayo ukuthi kukhona esinye isibhamu kanye nemfanelo engenzeka.
AMASHA Shintsha Umdlalo
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abafowethu uTom noRick Smith bavakashela i-Cover, befuna ukuthuthukisa indlela yokunciphisa ukufa okubangelwa ukuxabana. Leli qembu ladala i-Air Taser, isikhali esaxosha imicibisholo esebenzisa umoya esikhundleni se-gun powder futhi ngaleyo ndlela ichithe ukuhlukaniswa kwezibhamu. Indlela entsha yokuthunyelwa ivumelekile ukuthi imele yodwa njengesikhali esiphezulu esingesibulali.
Kamuva kusetshenziswe idivayisi entsha, ephumelelayo futhi ehambisanayo, futhi umphakathi wokuqala komthetho waqala ukubona izinzuzo ezikhona kudivayisi. Ngo-1999, ama-ejensi ezweni lonke aqala ukuthenga izikhali kubaphathi bazo. Njengoba iqala ukubona ukusetshenziswa okuvamile phakathi kwama-ejensi wamaphoyisa, uMsebenzi washesha wamemezela njengendlela entsha yokuvuselela ukuvikela kokubili izikhulu nabasolwa. Abaningi babenethemba lokuthi ukubulawa kwabaphathi bezinsizakalo kanye nokulimala okuvela ezinkundleni zobudlova kuzokwehla kakhulu futhi ukudubula kwamaphoyisa kuzonciphisa.
Imisebenzi, Ukuphikisana, nokudideka
Nokho, kungakapheli isikhathi eside, ukuphikisana kwavela masinyane njengabaphathi bezomthetho, abezindaba kanye nomphakathi wonke babonakala bedidekile ngendima, injongo, kanye nokusebenza kwalesi sigameko esiyi-futuristic gun.
Imibiko yamandla amakhulu, ama-cops anesithakazelo ngisho nokufa kuka-Taser maduzane baqala ukungena esithangamini somphakathi. Izindaba zezingane, abantu abadala abasengozini kanye nabantu asebekhulile 'abashaqeka' ngezibhamu ezidubula ama-volts angu-50 000 ngemizimba yabo baqala ukunika uTager igama elibi.
Izinqubomgomo, amazinga, kanye nezibalo Gcina lolo suku
Iminyango yamaphoyisa ezweni lonke yasabela ngokushesha ngokudala izinqubomgomo ezithintekayo ezilawulwa ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi okulawula nge-elekthronikhi. Izishayamthetho zombuso zanikeza imithetho efuna ukuqeqeshwa kanye nesitifiketi ekusebenziseni kwabo, futhi iTager International yaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwedatha ekusetshenzisweni komsebenzi.
Lezi zinyathelo ekugcineni ziholela ekwamukeleni okubanzi kwe-device phakathi kwama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho futhi zomeze indawo ye-ECD njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokusebenzisa umthetho.
Indlela umsebenzi osebenza ngayo
I-Taser isebenza ngemisebenzi emibili phakathi nokusetshenziswa kokuhlangana kwamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyisisekelo nokukhethwa njengendlela yokukhubazeka evumela amaphoyisa ukuba alondoloze ibanga eliphephile ngenkathi enza ingozi engakwazi ukulwa nayo.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili, lo mqondo ulula. Uma ususiwe, umsebenzi uhlela amaphiko amabili ensimbi, okuthiwa ama-probes, ngokushayela i-cartridge yegesi egxilile. I-probes ihlale ixhunywe kudivayisi ngokusebenzisa izingcingo ezincane zethusi ezithwala inkokhelo kagesi kulitshe.
I-probes ijwayele ukungena esikhunjeni lesikhumba, nakuba ingaba yimpumelelo uma ifaka izingubo zokugqoka uma nje ihlala isondelene nomzimba. Ukuthintana akubaluleke kangako kunokusabalalisa kweprobe. Ukusabalalisa kabanzi, kuphumelela kakhulu ukukhubazeka.
I-Electro Muscular Incapacitation
Njengoba ama-probe ahambela isihloko, asakazeka. Lapho ama-probe afinyelela ekuhlosweni kwawo, athumela ukuqhuma kagesi phakathi komunye nomunye, okuphazamisa ukuxhumana kwe-neuron phakathi kwemisipha yezihloko nobuchopho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imisipha eminingi yezifundo iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Umphumela wenetha wukuthi izihloko ezihlosiwe azikwazi ukubandakanya amaqembu ezinsimba isikhathi sokujikeleza kwenkokhelo. Lo mphumela waziwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kwe-neuromuscular. Ngokushesha nje lapho umjikelezo usuphelile, noma kunjalo, umphumela uyahamba.
Imijikelezo Yokushaja ECD
Umjikelezo owodwa uvame ukugcina isikhathi sokugcina amahora angu-5, nakuba isikhulu singasimisa ngokushesha ngokuvala idivayisi. Uma ngabe ama-probe esendaweni ekuhloswe kuyo, isikhulu singakwazi ukuhambisa imijikelezo eminingi lapho ebona kufanelekile futhi efanelekile.
Ukuthobela Okuphezulu Kwezinhlungu
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwe-Taser ukuzuza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukutholwa kobuhlungu. Uma ukukhubazeka kungumqondo olula, ukusebenzisa ukuhlukumeza ubuhlungu kungcono nakakhulu. Uma kwenzeka iphoyisa lizithola lihlala eduze nesifundo esingavumelani, umsebenti ungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwekhadijidi ukuze unikezwe ukushaqeka kwamandla kagesi ukuze kutholakale ubuhlungu. Inhloso ehlosiwe yobuhlungu ukukhohlisa ukumelana nokumelana nokuhambisana nemizamo yomphathi ukuyilawula.
Ukufa okuhlobene nomsebenzi
Ngokusho kwenhlangano yamalungelo abantu, u-Amnesty International, abantu abangaphezu kuka-500 bashonele e-United States ngemuva kokuba sebevezwe uMsebenzi noma omunye u-ECD kusukela ngo-2001. Amnesty International yaqaphela ukuthi i-ECD ingase ingabangeli ngokuqondile kulaba bafe, kodwa ' uye wabonisa ukukhathazeka ukuthi ama-ECD angakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwamandla ngezikhulu.
Bambalwa, uma kukhona, okubizwa okuthiwa yi-Taser-deaths okuhlobene nokusebenza kuye kwashiwo ngokuqondile emiphumeleni yamadivayisi ngokwabo, futhi esikhundleni salokho kungumphumela wesiphathimandla esithile kanye nezici zendaba. Ngokuvamile, ukufa kuvele esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-delirium ejabule, isimo esivame ukubonwa ezifundweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezikhungweni ezithile futhi ezilokhu zilwa nezikhulu.
Okunye ukufa nokulimala kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izikhali zazisetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi izikhali zafakwa kanjani ngokuphathelene nalesi sifundo, njengalezi zithimba noma ngaphezulu kwecala lesiteji. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lezi zihloko zithole ukulimala kokuwa ngokuphambene nomphumela kagesi kusuka kusikhali. Ukuze unciphise lezi zenzakalo, abakhiqizi be-ECD batusa, futhi ama-ejenti asemukele, izinqubomgomo ezilawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ukulondoloza Ukuphila nokuvimbela Ukulimala
I-Taser International namanye abakhiqizi be-ECD bafakazela, kodwa ukuthi ukulungiswa akukali ukulingana. Ukubhekana nokumangalelwa kokufa okuhlobene ne-ECD, amandla amakhulu kanye nezinye izindaba eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-ECD, uMaser uthi ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi okulawula i-electronic kuye kwalondoloza izimpilo ezingu-75 000, kunciphisa ukulimala kwabasolwa ngamaphesenti angu-60 futhi kuvimbela izinkulungwane zokulimala nokufa emthethweni iziphathimandla zokuphoqelela ngonyaka.
Amadivayisi Wokulawula I-Electronic: Amathuluzi Asebenzayo Wezohwebo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungaphila engxoxweni yokuthi ngabe amadivaysi okulawula i-electronics ayisebenzise kahle yini amandla, kunzima ukuphika ukuthi iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo lamaphoyisa omthetho wanamuhla.
Imisebenzi kanye namanye amadivaysi afanayo, kanye nezinye izikhali ezingapheli nezingezona ezibulalayo, ziqhubeka nokuguqula ukuthi izikhulu zihambela kanjani futhi zibhekene nezihloko ezinobudlova nezihlukumezayo. Lezi zixhobo ezihlakaniphile ziyisibonelo esisodwa sokuthi ubuchwepheshe busetshenziselwa kanjani ukulawulwa komthetho, nokuthi ubuchwepheshe buye buqhubeka kanjani ukuguqula isimo sezinye zabasebenzi embusweni wobulungiswa nobugebengu .