Izinkampani ezinkulu zesofthiwe, njenge-Google, ziphumelela naphezu kwezimbungulu eziphambili ezisesofthiwe yazo, kodwa izinkampani ezincane nezinqalasikazi azikwazi ukunethezeka.
Amakhasimende alindele imikhiqizo ukwenza lokho abakushoyo ekhasini lokuthengisa, noma kumadokhumenti. Ngezinketho eziningi kangaka lapho, ngeke bacabange kabili ngokuthuma umkhumbi uma umkhiqizo uchitha isikhathi sabo nemali. Ngakho-ke, isofthiwe ihlangabezana nokuhlolwa okunamandla ngaphambi kokukhululwa ukuze:
qokomisa umehluko phakathi komqondo wokuqala kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina
qinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza ngendlela abahleli abahlelwe ngayo
ukuqinisekisa umkhiqizo wokuphela - umkhiqizo kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende
hlola izici kanye nekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa kulandela uhlelo oluqinile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ebalulekile - amakhono, isikhathi, nemali, ngenkathi inikezela abathintekayo ngolwazi olubalulekile ukuthatha umkhiqizo phambili. Umgomo ukusiza isipiliyoni esihle sokusebenzisa umsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo oluqinile lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi . Ngama-stakes aphakeme kakhulu, abaphathi be-QA bangabathile abaphezulu abaqashiwe ku-tech.Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kulandela lezi zinyathelo:
Ukuhlaziywa kwemfuneko lapho abaphathi bebeka khona uhlelo lokubeka isu elifanele lokuhlola endaweni.
Izivivinyo ziqala futhi imiphumela ihlaziywa.
Noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kulungiswa, futhi isofthiwe ihamba ngokuhlolwa kokunciphisa - uhlelo lokuhlola uhlelo lusasebenza ngemva kokuguqulwa.
Umbiko wokuvalwa wokuhlola ubeka imininingwane yonke inqubo kanye nemiphumela.
Izindlela zokuvivinya i-Software
Nazi izindlela ezehlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukwahlulela ukuziphatha komkhiqizo nokusebenza.
Ibhokisi elimnyama nokuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimhlophe yizindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimnyama - Okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo noma okukwenziwa ngokucacile, le ndlela igxile ekuphumeni. Abahloli abakhathaleli izindlela zangaphakathi. Bahlola kuphela isofthiwe yenza lokho okumele kwenziwe. Ulwazi lokubhala ikhodi akudingekile, futhi abahloli basebenze ezingeni lesikhangiso somsebenzisi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimhlophe - Le ndlela isebenzisa ulwazi lokubhala ikhodi njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlola. Uma umkhiqizo uhluleka, abahloli bangena ngokujulile kukhodi njengoba kudingeka ukuze bathole imbangela. Abathuthukisi be-software benza lokhu ngokwabo kusukela benquma ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele usebenze kanjani. Ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo nesisekelo sebhokisi ngamanye amagama kule ndlela.
- Ukuhlolwa okuqinile - Abahloli bahlola ikhodi yesofthiwe namadokhumenti kodwa bangasebenzi. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kuqala ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisekisa.
- Ukuhlolwa okunamandla - Isofthiwe isenziwa ngezimpendulo ezihlukahlukene, nabahloli baqhathanisa iziphumo ngokuziphatha okulindelekile ngale ndlela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-GUI - Izici ze-GUI zokuhlola - ukufometha umbhalo, amabhokisi wombhalo, izinkinobho, izinhlu, isakhiwo, imibala, amafonti, amasayizi wefonti, njalonjalo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-GUI kuyidla isikhathi, futhi izinkampani zangaphandle zenkampani yesithathu zivame ukuthatha umsebenzi kunabathuthukisi.
Amazinga Wokuhlola
Lezi zidingekile ukukhomba izindawo zobuthakathaka futhi zihamba phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye somjikelezo wokuphila we-software.
- Ukuhlolwa kweyunithi - Abathuthukisi bahlola izingxenye eziyisisekelo zekhodi njengamakilasi, ama-interfaces, nemisebenzi / izinqubo. Bayazi ukuthi ikhodi yabo kufanele baphendule kanjani futhi bangenza izinguquko kuye ngokukhipha.
- Ukuhlola okwenziwe ngamanye amagama - Amanye amagama ahlola ukuhlunga noma uhlelo. Kufana nokuhlolwa kweyunithi kepha iqukethe izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanganiswa. Amamojula we-software ahlolwe amaphutha ukuze aqinisekise umsebenzi wabo ngamunye.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa - Lokhu kubonisa amaphutha lapho amamojula ehlanganisiwe. Ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kokuhlanganiswa kukhona phansi phezulu, phezulu phansi, nokusebenza okungaphezulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu - Izingxenye zephrojekthi zihlolwa njengezizonke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngale ndlela. Iwela ngaphansi kwebhokisi elimnyama futhi lingenye yezivivinyo zokugcina kule nqubo. Inquma uma uhlelo lusebenza ngendlela okufanele luhlangabezane nezidingo zebhizinisi nezomsebenzisi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Alpha - Abasebenzi bangaphakathi bahlola isofthiwe kusayithi lomthuthukisi esimweni esimisiwe noma sangempela. Emva kwalokho, abathuthukisi balungisa izimbungulu nezinye izinkinga.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Beta - Eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwendawo, iklayenti ihlola umkhiqizo esizeni sayo ezimweni zangempela. Iklayenti inganikeza iqembu labasebenzisi bokuphela ithuba lokuhlola isofthiwe ngezinguqulo zokulungiselela noma ze-beta. Impendulo ekuthuthukiseni okungenzeka iyathunyelwa kunjiniyela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Acceptance - Futhi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimnyama, isofthiwe yokuhlola iklayenti ukuthola ukuthi umthuthukisi udale uhlelo oluthile olufisa ukucaciswa.
Izinhlobo zokuhlola
Lezi zivivinyo ze-software zigxila ezintweni ezithile.
- Ukuhlolwa kokufakwa - I-engine test engine kanye nomphathi wokucubungula uqhuba lo mvivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi wokuphela angafaka futhi asebenze uhlelo. Ihlanganisa izindawo ezifana namafayela wokufaka, izindawo zokufaka, namalungelo okuphatha.
- Ukuhlolwa kweNtuthuko - Lokhu kusebenzisa ububanzi bezinqubo ezivumelanisiwe zokuthola nokuvimbela amaphutha. Ihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwekhodi ye-static, ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi yontanga, ukulandelela, nokuhlaziywa kwamamethrikhi. Inhloso ukunciphisa izingozi nokugcina izindleko.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa - Ukwaziswa komsebenzisi kubonakala ngaphansi kwalokhu kuhlolwa. Iqaphela ukuthi i-GUI ihlelwe kanjani futhi ilula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Uhlolo luhlola ngokunemba kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi kanye nezimpendulo zomzwelo zezifundo zokuhlolwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Sanity - Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngabe isofthiwe ifanele yini isikhathi kanye nezindleko zokuqhubeka nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo. Amaphutha amaningi kakhulu nokuhlolwa okunamandla akulandeli.
- Ukuhlolwa kobushushu - Ukuhlolwa kwemoya kubonisa ukwehluleka okuyisisekelo okunamandla okwanele ukuvimbela ukukhululwa. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ekwakheni okusha, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqinisa ukwakha.
- Ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa - Uma uhlelo lwenziwa ukuguqulwa, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukuziphatha okungahlosiwe. Iveza imiphumela emibi kumamoduli noma izingxenye.
- Ukuhlolwa okulimazayo - Ukufaka okufaka ama-Testers ukungena okungavamile nokuqonda ikhono lesofthiwe yokuphatha okokungalindelekile. Lokhu kubonisa abathuthukisi ukuthi uhlelo oluqinile kangakanani ekulawulweni kwephutha.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuvuselela - Uma i-hardware noma enye imisebenzi ihluleka, lo mvivinyo ubonisa ukuthi isofthiwe ingahle ilulame kanjani futhi iqhubeke nokusebenza.
- Ukuhlola okuzenzekelayo - Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ngesandla. Isebenzisa isofthiwe ethize ukuqhuba izivivinyo nokunikeza idatha kwimiphumela yangempela noma ekulindelekile.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana - Isofthiwe kumele isebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene zekhompuyutha, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlola kuhambisana nezinhlelo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ingabe isofthiwe isebenza nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kanye neziphequluli zewebhu?
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza - Lokhu kuhlolwa okujulile okuhlola ukusebenza kwesofthiwe ezimweni ezahlukene. Ulwazi mayelana nokuphendula, ukuzinza, ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo, kanye nesivinini kuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola okuncane njengokuvolumu, amandla, nokuhlola kwe-spike kudlala ingxenye kule nqubo.
- Ukuvikelwa kokuphepha - Lokhu kulinganisa ikhono lesofthiwe lokuvikela ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi. Lokhu kusho imisebenzi yokugunyaza, ukuqinisekiswa, imfihlo, ubuqotho, ukutholakala, nokungafuni.
- Ukuhlolwa kokufinyeleleka - Lokhu akufani nokuhlolwa kokusebenza. Lokhu kunquma izinga abasebenzisi bamakhono ahlukene - ukufunda nokukhubazeka komzimba kufakiwe, bangasebenzisa isofthiwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba jikelele nokuhlolwa kwangakini - Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi isofthiwe ingajwayela kanjani izilimi ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zesifunda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwengeza izingxenye zezindawo ezithile kanye nokuhumusha umbhalo.
Ukuhlola i-software kuyinto ebalulekile yokuletha umkhiqizo ukuthengisa. Futhi ngaphandle kokuhlola, uhla olubanzi lwesofthiwe etholakalayo ngeke lube khona. Yiba umhloli we-software oqinisekisiwe ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezifana ne-BCS, i-Chartered Institute for IT, i-ISTQB® (I-International Software Testing Qualifications Board), ne-ASQ (eyayiyi-American Society for Quality).