Gcina iProject Moving Forward
Sizophinde sibheke amanye amathuluzi wokuphatha ushintsho ongawasebenzisa nokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-project scope kudlalwa kanjani.
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngezinqubo noma amathuluzi engifuna ukuxoxa ngawo ngombono wakho wokushintsha.
Yamukela Izinguquko Zenzeke
Izinguquko zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isici sempilo yokuphatha iphrojekthi .
Indlela elula yokwenza ukuguqula ukuguqulwa kwamaphrojekthi angaphansi kwesifo sekhanda ukwazi ukuthi kuzokwenzeka futhi ukuhlela.
Ukuba nezindawo ezikhona zokubhekana nezinguquko ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke indlela esheshayo yokuthola wonke umuntu ebhodini ukuthi yini ezohluka.
Inqubo ehlongozwayo yokushintsha ushintsho yindawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala. Yincwadi yakho yokudlala yalokho okuzokwenzeka uma othile ephakamisa ukuthi iphrojekthi kufanele iyenze into ehlukile kulokho okwenzelwe njengamanje futhi indlela enhle yokugwema ukuhluleka kwephrojekthi.
Inqubo Yokuphatha Ukushintsha
Inqubo yokuphatha ushintsho ibukeka kanje:
- Thola ulwazi mayelana noshintsho
- Hlola ushintsho kubandakanya ukuhlela ukuthi kuyoba umsebenzi omningi kangakanani
- Lungisa izincomo mayelana nokuthi kufanelekile ukuqhubeka.
- Khona-ke uthola isinqumo esivela kuphrojekthi uxhasi mayelana nokuthi kufanele ufake inguquko noma cha.
Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezo zinyathelo ngokulandelana.
Thola ulwazi mayelana nokushintsha
Uzothola isicelo sokushintsha iphrojekthi. Ungathola ulwazi ngamakhulu ngezindlela ezahlukene: emhlanganweni, nge-imeyli, efonini, emgodini njengoba uphuma ehhovisi kusihlwa. Okufanelekile, uzothola ulwazi kwifomu lokucela ushintsho, kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi empilweni yangempela abaningi abathintekayo bacabanga ukuthi ukuqedela lolu hlobo lwephepha ngumsebenzi wemphathi wephrojekthi. Futhi enkampanini yakho, kungenzeka.
Sebenzisa ithempulethi yesicelo sakho sokushintsha ushintsho (okuningi ngalokhu ngomzuzwana) ukuthatha yonke imininingwane yesicelo, kodwa ngokungahleliwe bafika nawe. Bese ugijima ifomu elidlulile kumqalile ukuze wazi ukuthi uye wabonisa ngokunembile lokho okufunayo.
Khumbula ukuthi izinguquko zingase zibe ngokuphathelene nokwenza umsebenzi. Ungacabangi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi izinguquko zizohambisana nokufaka umsebenzi. Inqubo iyafana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyanda noma unciphisa iphrojekthi yeprojekthi.
Yenza Ukuhlola Ukushintsha
Bheka isicelo sokushintsha ngokuningiliziwe. Uzohlola umthelela ku:
- Uhlelo
- Amadokhumenti
- Sebenza kuze kube yimanje nomsebenzi okwamanje okufanele ukwenze
- Ibhajethi
- Izindlela zekhwalithi
- Ububanzi
- Ukutholakala kwemithombo.
Isibonelo, ushintsho lwesofthiwe lungalinganiselwa ezinsukwini ezingu-5.
Lokhu ngeke nje kwengeze izinsuku ezingu-5 kuhlelo ngoba kuzosusa omunye umsebenzi futhi kuthuthele ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthi umthombo oyinhloko uvuliwe. Lo msebenzi uzodinga futhi ukuhanjiswa, ngakho-ke lokhu kuguqulwa kuzongeza izinsuku ezingu-8 kuhlelo. Kuzobiza u-$ 5k ukwenza, futhi izinsuku ezingu-8 ezengeziwe zisishukumisela kwenye inyanga ngenkontileka yomhlinzeki, ngakho-ke kunezindleko zokucabangela lapho futhi. Ikhwalithi ihlala izinguquko ezifanayo kodwa zikwazi ukufaka ushintsho olusha. Wonke amadokhumenti afanele adinga ukubuyekezwa kufaka phakathi uhlelo lwephrojekthi kanye nezincwadi zokuqeqesha, eziseqalile kakade.
Njengoba ubona, ushintsho olulula lwezinsuku ezingu-5 lungaba nemiphumela evulekile. Kubalulekile ukwazi konke ngalezi zinsuku ngaphambi kokuthi unqume ukuthi wenze ushintsho noma cha, njengoba isithombe esiphelele singashintsha umphumela.
Lungiselela futhi unikeze isincomo
Manje uyazi umphumela ogcwele wenguquko ongenza isincumo mayelana nokuthi kufanelekile ukuqhubeka nayo.
Kwezinye izimo, ngeke kube khona, ngoba inzuzo ebonakalayo iyoba ngaphansi kwezindleko. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nokuhlomula okwanele lapho ukuze kuqedwe izindleko zokwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe. Kwamanye amacala ungathola ukuthi ushintsho luyoba nomthelela omubi ezindlekweni kodwa akukho lutho ongayenza ngalo ngoba kuyinkinga yokulawula noma yokuhambisana, noma ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zangaphakathi njengokuhlelwa kabusha kwenhlangano.
Thola isinqumo
Ukuze ushintsho oluncane oluwela ngaphansi kwemkhawulo wokugunyazwa kwakho, ungenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi uyakwamukela yini ushintsho noma cha ngokwakho (ngokufaka okulungile ukusuka eqenjini). Noma yikuphi okukhudlwana kufanele kuvunywe ngumxhasi weprojekthi noma ibhodi lephrojekthi.
Khumbula ukubuyela emuva bese utshela umuntu uma ushintsho lwazo lwenqatshelwe. Ufuna ukugwema ukucasula abahlanganyeli bakho bephrojekthi uma ungakwazi!
Shintsha Amathuluzi Wokuphatha
Kunamathuluzi amaningi wokuphatha ushintsho ongawasebenzisa ukwenza le nqubo ibe lula futhi iqondiswe kabanzi. Ngingancoma:
- Uhlu lokuhlola noma imephu ehamba phambili ehambela abantu ngokuqondile ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze ukuze baphakamise ushintsho kumkhawulo wakho wephrojekthi.
- Ifomu lesicelo sokushintsha isifanekiso. Lokhu kungaxhumeka ku-intanethi ngokuhamba komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi yini engena kwisicelo sokushintsha inqubomgomo ngokulandelayo.
Okungena Kuhlelo Lokushintsha Uhlelo
Ifomu lesicelo sokushintsha inqubomgomo kumele lifake:
- Igama lomuntu ocela ushintsho ('umceli').
- Isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele, njengenombolo yokuguqula (ungangezela ngokwakho kamuva ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani wabantu abaphakamisa isicelo besebenzisa ifomu uzokwazi ukuthi angayifaka kanjani ebhokisini).
- Incazelo yenguquko ehlongozwayo, nemininingwane eminingi njengoba bengakwazi ukuyiphatha.
- Isigaba soshintsho. Okungcono, uzokwenqabela lesi sigaba ngakho-ke kufanele bawukhathele ibhokisi kuphela. Lena indawo enhle yokuphawula ukuthi ushintsho luhlobene nomthethonqubo noma ukuhambisana kwangaphakathi njengokungathi (ngokuqinisekile) ke ungakwazi ukudlula izinyathelo eziningi zokuhlela nokuhlola futhi uqhubeke nazo.
- I 'kungani' yenguquko. Yini ukulungiswa yokwenza? Kungani umceli efuna?
- Umthelela wenguquko ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene zephrojekthi kufaka isikhathi, izindleko, ikhwalithi, ububanzi. Kungenzeka bangabi nayo yonke imininingwane ukuze kudingeke ukuthi usebenze nabo ngesikhathi sesinyathelo sokuhlola ushintsho ukuze ugcwalise izikhala. Kufanele baqede okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ubuncane obheke kulokhu kuwukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi kuzokwandisa, kunciphise noma kushintshe imingcele yephrojekthi ekhona.
Ngaphansi kwefomu lokucela ushintsho kuyoba neminye imininingwane ozoyigcwalisa njengoba kuxoxwa ngakho. Isifanekiso sakho kufanele futhi sifake isikhala se:
- Shintsha isinqumo: Yamukela, Yenqaba noma Yenza
- Igama lomuntu okwenza isinqumo (noma iqembu) kanye nosuku isinqumo senziwe futhi nanoma yimiphi imibono eyengeziwe.
Umuntu owenza isicelo ngeke asazi umphumela okwamanje - akekho othanda-ngakho lawa mabhokisi azohlala engalutho kuze iqembu elifanele lihlangane ukuze lixoxe ngesincumo sakho futhi uthathe isinqumo.
Izinguquko kanye nokuphathwa kwe-Project Scope
Ukuphathwa kwemiklamo yeprojekthi yiyona ndlela eyinhloko olawula ngayo lokho okukuphrojekthi nokuthi yini engekho. Uma uthola ushintsho emkhakheni wephrojekthi, udinga ukucabanga ukuthi kuthinta kanjani iphrojekthi jikelele. Inqubo yakho yokuphatha ushintsho ikusiza ukuba wenze lokhu, futhi ukuyibeka esimweni, ukulawula ushintsho yingxenye encane yokuphatha indawo.
Kufanelekile ukukhuluma lapha mayelana nokuthi Umhlahlandlela weBhodi yokuPhathwa kwePhrojekthi yeLwazi (Umhlahlandlela we-PMBOK®) - I-Fifth Edition ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezinguquko kwephrojekthi ngoba akuyona enembile njengoba ungacabanga. Umhlahlandlela we-PMBOK® uhlanganisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'Control Scope' esigabeni Sokuphathwa Kwamaprojekthi futhi lena indawo enhle ukuqala. Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokuphatha ushintsho kumaphrojekthi kudingeka ilandelwe ngendlela ehlanganisiwe, futhi lokho kubonakala kulo mbhalo. Abasebenzisi be- PMBOK® Guide kufanele futhi babhekisele kwinkqubo yoHlelo Oludidiyelwe Lokulawula Ukushintsha ngoba lokhu kuveza ukuthi konke kuhlanganisa kanjani.
Ngenhloso yokuba i-PMP udinga ukuqonda indlela umhlahlandlela we-PMBOK® uhlanganisa ngayo ukuphathwa kokushintsha njengoba yilokho okuzohlolwa ngakho. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi inqubo yokuphatha ushintsho oyisebenzisayo empilweni yakho idinga ukuhlanganiswa, kulula ukulandela nokusebenza.
5 Izindlela Zokusiza Ithimba Lakho Ngendlela Yokushintsha
Ithimba lakho lephrojekthi libucayi empumelelweni yephrojekthi yakho, ngakho kusiza ukuba nayo lapho ulawula izinguquko kuphrojekthi yakho.
Nazi izindlela ezinhlanu ongazisiza ngazo ngokushesha ukuhambisana nenqubo yokuphathwa kwezinguquko.
1. Khuluma ngezinguquko. Bazise ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamaphrojekthi kuvamile nokuthi kufanele balindele.
2. Yabelana ngenqubo. Ngenhla sibheke inqubo yokuphatha ushintsho, kodwa lokhu akuveli ngokwemvelo kuwo wonke umuntu. Amalungu eqembu lakho ngeke azi ukuthi benzeni nokuthi yini ekulindeleke ngaphandle kokuthi ubatshele. Setha i-briefing ukuze uhambisane nale nqubo, futhi ubazise ukuthi indima yabo kuyoba yiphi.
3. Yenza kube lula. Uma iphrojekthi ishintsha ushintsho kungase ibe yinkinga enkulu. Uhlelo aluhambanga, isabelomali singase sihluke, izidingo zihluke ngokuphelele. Ithimba lingathola ukuguqulwa okungahambisani nalokho, ikakhulukazi enkulu noma eyodwa eguqulela isinqumo ababekade bacabanga ukuthi isethwe etsheni (yebo, lokho kwenzeka). Yenza le nqubo ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka kubo.
4. Yiba lapho ukusiza. Indlela entsha yokusebenza ithatha isikhathi sokulala. Uma ngabe uke waphatha ushintsho lwephrojekthi ngendlela engakahleleki (noma cha nhlobo) ke ushintsho enqubo ehlelekile kungathatha isikhashana ukuba 'ngendlela esenza ngayo izinto ezungeze lapha '. Tshela ithimba ukuthi ukhona ukuze ubasize uma befuna ukugijima okuthile okudlule kuwe.
5. Ungesabi ukuthi cha. Akuzona zonke izinguquko eziphakamisayo ezinengqondo. Vumela ithimba lakho likwazi ukuthi uma bezizwa ngokuqinile ngenguquko engeyona into efanele kule phrojekthi ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi uzokuma nabo kuleyo ngxoxo nomfakisicelo wokushintsha.
Ukungafani nokushintsha ushintsho ngenye yezindlela ongadala ngayo iphrojekthi yakho , ngakho qaphela. Uhlomile ngalolu lwazi manje usukwazi ukuqala ukubhekana nezinguquko zeprojekthi ngendlela elawulwayo.