Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Drone yezempi kanye nezomphakathi (UAV, UAS)

Ikusasa Lemoto Engasenakunqunywa

I-MQ-1 Predator Vehicle Aerial Unmanned ingenye yezingcezu ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu zemishini yempi enkonzweni namuhla. Isithombe sase-USAF esisemthethweni

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqala ngaphakathi kwezempi, ngokuvamile kuyoba khona ushintsho ezweni lebhizinisi elinabantu abanobuchwepheshe obufanayo kodwa ahluke ngokuphelele nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuya emakethe kwezobuchwepheshe obunjalo, umphakathi wezamabhizinisi ungashayela emisha, futhi udale imikhiqizo engcono futhi enezinhlelo zempi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "Amasu Okusebenzayo" noma "Okusebenzayo Okusebenzayo" ukushayela ukukhula kwezimoto ezingenalutho noma izinhlelo (UAV / UAS), igama elithi "drone" manje liyindawo evamile empilweni nasemphakathini.

Ukukhula kwe "Drones" eBhizinisini naseMpi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-flight control toy noma i-helicopter yezingane, noma i-Aerial Aerial Vehicle elayishiwe ngokugcwele ephelele nekhamera yamakhamera, lezi zimoto zithola usizo kumaqembu amaningi ngaphakathi kwamabhizinisi nakuhulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo:

Gwema Ukubeka Abantu Ezenzweni Ezingozi: I-drones yokuqala yenza imisebenzi ebizwa ngokuthi "engcolile, engcolile futhi eyingozi". Ngenkathi lokho kungase kwenzeke okwamanje, kunezindlela zokusebenzisa i-UAV evimbela ukubeka abantu ngendlela eyingozi, njenge:

Olunye Ibhizinisi Eliqondile kanye Neminikelo KaHulumeni yama-UAV

I-Drones, i-UAV, noma i-UAS imane nje isebenzisa amanye ama-robot ezindizayo. Nomaphi lapho umuntu okwamanje esebenzisa izindiza ezinomuntu, i-drone ingase ibe yindlela engabizi kangako njengokuletha amaphakheji kumakhasimende, ukuhamba ngezindawo zokuhlala, ukuhlola isakhiwo sokwakha.

Abaningi be-videographer bathola ukuthi ukuze bahlale bekhuphisana emakethe yebhizinisi, kumele bakwazi ukukhiqiza amavidiyo angaphakathi-indiza amabhizinisi, amaqembu, imishado, nezinye izenzakalo zabathengi kanye nezentengiselwano zebhizinisi.

Kunezinhlawulo eziningi ezikhokhelwayo ezibandakanya ukuxazulula okukhulu, amakhamera ashisayo nama-infrared, njengama-infrared angama-multi-spectral ewusizo ekuhloleni kwezitshalo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqala, ngakho-ke ngokusetshenziswa kwale mishini ephezulu kakhulu.

Yiluhlobo luni lwe-UAV olutholakala kubantu base-Civilians

Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ze-UAV ezahlukene - iphiko elihleliwe noma iphiko elijikelezayo (izindiza kanye nezindiza ze-helicopter).

I-Rotary ingaba yi-quad (4), i-hex (6), noma i-octocopter (8). Ama-UAV aphikisiwe afakwe ngosayizi, ukuphakama, nokukhuthazela futhi ubukeka njengendiza yakho evamile. Kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezisekelwe ku-intanethi ezicubungula ukusebenzisa i-drone ye-Ultra High Altitude ukuletha i-intanethi ezindaweni ezikude.

I-Certification Pilot Certification

I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Ukuhlolwa kwe-Aeronautical Knowledge kuyindlela yokuthola ilayisense yebhizinisi noma yokuzilibazisa okulingana nokuhamba ngezinyawo futhi kubiza u-$ 150 ukuthatha. Lezi zivivinyo zinikezwa ngezikhungo zokuhlola ulwazi oluvunyelwe yi-FAA - ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zezindiza zendawo noma eziseduze. Ukuhlolwa kuqukethe imibuzo engama-60 noma ngaphezulu yokukhetha okuningi futhi kudinga ukutadisha okuphawulekayo emithethweni ye-FAA yamanje, izinkinga zezulu, ukukwazi ukufunda amashadi wesigaba, nolunye ulwazi lomhlaba nolwazi lwezindiza.



Ukuze uthole i-UAS encane (i-Unmanned Aircraft System) ilayisensi yokushayela idinga ukuthi okungenani ube neminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Ilayisensi idinga kuphela ukusebenzisa uma ihamba ngezinhloso zezohwebo. Ukushayela i-drone njengento yokuzilibazisa, ucabanga ukuthi i-drone iphakathi kwama-55 lbs nama-55 lbs, udinga ukuba neminyaka engu-13 ubudala futhi ubhalise ne-FAA. Noma yikuphi okudakayo okulingana kunama-55 lbs kubhekwe njengethoyi.

I-Drones e-Military

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-drones akuzange kube yimfihlo ngaphakathi kwezempi, ngisho nokuwafaka ngemicibisholo yokuhlasela amasosha esitha namaphekula. Kunezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziselwa i-drones empini:

Ukusetshenziswa kweDrones esikhathini esizayo

Impi : Le mishini izoqhubeka ithole amancane, ilula, ilula, ibhethri enamandla, i-fuel, noma izikhathi zendiza, nge-optics engcono namakhono. Noma yikuphi indawo amasosha angakugwema ingozi yokulimaza abantu, i-drone ingaba nekusasa empini eqhubeka nokuguquka.

Ezomphakathi : Izinkampani sezivele zisebenza ngezindlela zokusebenzisa i-drones ngezinkathi zendiza ezindala ukuze zenze njengeseli ezindaweni ezifile, amapulatifomu okulethwa kwezidingo, izinsiza zokuphuthumayo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo kwezolimo, imfuyo kanye namahlathi. A

UHulumeni : Lezi zinhlelo zizobe zijwayele kakhulu futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuphepha, ucwaningo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuningi okwenzelwe ama-federal agencies kusukela eMnyangweni Wezangaphakathi, iNational Park Service, Imiphakathi Yokuhlakanipha, Ukuqiniswa Komthetho Wendawo, Iminyango yoMlilo kanye nokuningi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi inhlangano esebenzisa ama-UAV, ukudluliselwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kwengozi abayinikezayo akukwazi ukunakwa.

I-Side Note: Igama elithi "drone" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lezi zindlela (noma i-multi-rotor noma iphiko elihleliwe) eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Muva nje, bebelokhu beyaziwa ngokuthi yi-UAV noma i-UAS. Igama elithi "drone" lisetshenziselwa ukugcina izinhlelo ezinkulu ezifana nePredator MQ-1.