Isivivinyo sokuqala sivivinyo soLwazi lokuPhepha koLwazi lokuPhepha (DLPT). Lokhu kuhlolwa kuklanyelwe abantu asebevele bekhuluma ulimi oluthile oludingwa yizempi. Ngokumane nje, livivinya ulwazi lomuntu lomuntu oluthile olululwimi oluthile.
Ukuhlolwa kuphumela ekulinganisweni kolimi lwe-0, 0+ 1, 1+, 2, 2+, noma 3, kanti ezintathu ziphezulu kakhulu. Inguqulo entsha kunazo zonke ze-DLPT (inguqulo V) inquma ikhono lolimi ngesilinganiso esingu-0 kuya ku-5 +, kodwa kuyoba iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba le nguqulo itholakale kuzo zonke izilimi ezivivinyelwe.
Uhlobo lwesivivinyo esivame ukunikezwa ezindaweni ezingaphandle kweSikhungo soLwazi lwezokuVikela silinganisa ikhono lokufunda nokulalela kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu elinga ukuthola umsebenzi odinga ukuqeqeshwa kwamanye amazwe, okwamanje alukho ulimi oludingekayo. Uma kunjalo, i-DOD isebenzisa iBettery Language Aptitude Battery (noma i-DLAB) ukukala ukufaneleka komuntu ukufunda ulimi lwangaphandle.
Ukufunda i-DLAB
Abantu abaningi babuza ukuthi umuntu angakwazi yini ukufunda i-DLAB, noma uma kukhona iziqondiso zokufunda ezitholakalayo. Izimpendulo zithi "yebo" no "cha."
Azikho iziqondiso zokutadisha zentengiso ezitholakalayo kwi-DLAB, futhi umuntu akakwazi ukufunda i-DLAB ngendlela yendabuko, njengoba i-DLAB yakhelwe ukukala amandla okufunda ulimi, hhayi ulwazi lwamanje.
Ngenkathi umuntu engakwazi ukufunda imibuzo ethize yokusebenzisa i-DLAB, umuntu angakwazi ukutadisha izincwadi zokufunda nolimi lwesiNgisi ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi awazi kahle uhlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlolwa.
Njengoba i-Army Linguist yamanje ithi: "... ngokulungiselela i-DLAB, umuntu angazisiza kakhulu ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi awazi kahle uhlelo lolimi nolwazi olujwayelekile. Omunye ongazi ukuthi isiphi isiphequluli siyoba izinkinga ezinkulu ne-DLAB. "
Ngokomuntu ngamunye othathe (futhi wadlulisa) i-DLAB, umuntu angathuthukisa izikolo zabo ngo:
- Ukuba nokuqonda okucacile kolimi lwesiNgisi. Uzodinga ukwazi zonke izingxenye zokukhuluma nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ungase ufise ukuthola izandla zakho encwadini yezinhlelo zokufunda zegreyidi enhle futhi ufunde lokho okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba uhlole. Qondisisa ukuthi imisho yesiNgisi yakhiwe kanjani (okuyi-Subject-Verb-Object). Ukuzikhohlisa ngalokhu kukwakhiwa kuzokusiza ku-DLAB.
- Ukwazi ukuqaphela ukugxila kanye namaphethini okucindezeleka ngamazwi. Yazi ukuthi ukuphika kwama-syllable kungamazwi.
- Yiba nolwazi oluthile ngolunye ulimi. Uma ufuna ukuba ngumlimi waseRussia, akudingekile ukuthi unolwazi ngeRashiya. Kodwa-ke, uma unolwazi oluthile ngolunye ulimi, kuzokusiza ukuba uqonde ukuthi izilimi ezahlukene zisebenzisa izakhiwo zemisho ngokungafani nesiNgisi.
- Yilungele ukuhumusha imiyalelo esekelwe ezithombeni. Isibonelo, isithombe semoto ebomvu inikezwa ngegama elithi "ZEEZOOM". Okulandelayo, isithombe semoto eluhlaza siboniswe ngegama elithi "KEEZOOM". Okulandelayo, isithombe sebhasi ebomvu sinikezwa ngegama elithi "ZEEBOOM". Kumele ukwazi ukunikeza igama langaphandle "ibhasi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka".
- Kumele futhi wazi ukuthi engxenyeni yomsindo wokuhlolwa akukho ukuphindaphinda kwemibuzo. Uma kwenzeka into enikeziwe kukhona ikhefu elifushane ukuze uphendule bese umbuzo olandelayo. Yilungiselele lokhu; uma ucabanga ukuthi ungacabanga indlela yakho ibe yimpendulo kunoma imuphi umbuzo onikeziwe uzolahlekelwa ekuqaleni kokulandelayo. Lo mphumela ungaba ne-snowball futhi mhlawumbe uholele kwabanye abantu abanekhono elihle lokuya eningizimu ngenxa yezinzwa. Lalela ngokucophelela futhi uhambe nesisu sakho. Yilungele umbuzo olandelayo.
Iziqu ezifanelekayo
I-DLAB inamakhasi angu-126 amaningi okukhetha. Izinqubomgomo zesevisi ezidingekayo zidinga ukuthi ozobhapathizwa ngamunye abe khona eSikoleni soLwazi lwezokuPhepha abe yisiqu esikoleni esiphakeme. Ukuze ungeniswe ohlelweni oluyisisekelo lolimi, izibalo ezincane ezilandelayo ze-DLAB ziyadingeka:
- 85 ngolimi lwesiGaba I (isiDashi, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi neSpanishi)
- 90 ngolimi lwesiGaba II (isiJalimane)
- 95 ngolimi lwesi-III (iBelorussian, isiCzech, isiGreki, isiHeberu, isiPersian, isiPolish, isiRussia, isiSerbia / isiCroatia, isiSlovak, isiTagalog [isiFilipino], isiThai, isiTurkey, isi-Ukrainian nesi-Vietnamese)
- 100 ngolimi lwesigaba IV (isi-Arabhu, isiShayina, isiJapane nesiKorea)
Izinsizakalo ngabanye noma ama-ejensi angadinga izikolo eziphakeme ezifanele, ngokuqonda kwabo. Isibonelo, i-Air Force ne-Marine Corps idinga amaphuzu amancane angu-100 ku-DLAB yazo zonke izilimi, nakuba iMarine Corps izoyiyeka kuma 90 wezincwadi ze-Cat I no-II. I-Air Force okwamanje ayivumeli ukuxoshwa.
Amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu ku-DLAB ayi-176.
Ukuhlolwa kabusha
Abantu abangaphumeleli ukuthola amaphuzu afanelekayo kwi-DLAB bangafaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kabusha emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Izicelo zokuhlolwa kabusha ngabanye abaye benza amaphuzu amancane afanelekayo avunyelwe kuphela ngokususelwa ekudingweni kwempi okubhalwe phansi, futhi kumele kuvunyelwe umlawuli ofanele (okungukuthi, ukuqoqa umphathi wamagosa).
Ukuthatha Uhlolo
Ukuhlolwa kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu (eyodwa yomsindo neyodwa ebonakalayo).
Ingxenye Yomsindo: Ingxenye yokuqala yendikimba yomsindo ihlola ikhono lakho lokubona amaphethini wokucindezeleka ngamazwi. Umlandisi we-tape alalelwayo uzobiza amagama amane. Omunye wamagama ashiwoyo uzoba nephethini ehlukile yokucindezeleka. Umsebenti wakho ukukhombisa (ekhasini lakho lokuphendula) igama eligcizelelwe ngokuhlukile kokunye.
Isibonelo, umlandeli uzokuthi " A - Navy ...... B - Amandla ....... C - Burger ...... D - Faka esikhundleni , ucindezele isilayidi sesibili egameni," Faka esikhundleni ").
Ingxenye elandelayo yesigaba somsindo iqala ukwethula imithetho kolwazi lwesiNgisi oluguquliwe (olwenzelwe injongo yodwa yokuhlolwa). Ungatshelwa ukuthi imithetho yalolu limi iqukethe zonke izibizo ezandulelwe izenzi, futhi amagama kanye nezenzo zizohlala ziphelile ngomsindo ofanayo wempendulo. Khona-ke uzobe uhumusha inkulumo ethize yesiNgisi emgqeni ohambelana nolimi olushintshiwe.
Isibonelo, ungaboniswa inkulumo ethi " Inja iyagijima," ilandelwa izinketho ezine: A- " Runsie, The dogie ;" B- " I-rungie runsie ;" C- " Runie le dogo ;" D- " I-dogo runa ." Yiqiniso, "A" kungaba impendulo efanele ngoba isenzo sandulela isibizo futhi kokubili kuphelile emlonyeni owodwa wesibonakaliso.
Isivivinyo sizoqhubeka ngezigaba eziningana, esigabeni ngasinye sinezela imithetho embalwa eyenziwe, ehlanganisa izindawo ezifana nendlela yokuveza impahla, noma indlela yokuveza igama elibamba igama elilodwa ngesenzo.
Ingxenye yomsindo ekugcineni igxile ngokuhlanganisa yonke imithetho eqalisiwe futhi iveza imisho yonke noma imisho emide yokuthokozisa kwakho.
UJake wathatha i-DLAB futhi waphawula ngo-138. Uhlinzeka ngezeluleko ezilandelayo mayelana nengxenye yomsindo yokuhlolwa:
Izikhathi ezimbalwa lapho isikhulumi sinikeza izimpendulo ngangizwa okulungile, kodwa ngesikhathi esiphelile, ngase ngikhohliwe ukuthi yiyiphi incwadi. Kwasiza ukubeka ichashazi elingaphakathi ngaphakathi engicabanga ukuthi lilungile njengoba ekhuluma. Kwabuye kwasiza ukuvala amehlo ami ngenkathi efunda futhi elalela amagama angukhiye.
Ingxenye Ebonakalayo: I-tape ivaliwe, futhi yonke imithetho oye wafunda kanzima kakhulu kwiNgxenye Yomsindo ayisasebenzi. Esigabeni sokubukwa, uzonikezwa (kubhukwana lakho lokuhlola) kuhlanganiswe namagama noma imishwana ukuthi (ngokuthemba) izokunika - emva kokuzindla okuthile - ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalokhu kuhloswe ekhasini lokuhlola.
Ngokwesibonelo, ekhasini elilodwa lingase libe nesithombe separachute phezulu. Ngaphansi kwe-parachute, kungenzeka kube nento ethi " paca ." Khona-ke kungenzeka kube nesithombe somuntu. Le ndoda ingase ibhalwe ngokuthi "i- tanner ." Khona-ke kungenzeka kube nesithombe somuntu we-parachuting ozofunda "i- tannerpaca ." Khona-ke isithombe somuntu oshayela endizeni engase ifunde "i- tannerpaci ."
Kusukela lapho, umuntu angakwazi ukukhipha imithetho eminingi ye-gibberish, ozoyisebenzisa ngaleso sikhathi ezithombeni ezengeziwe kuleli khasi lebhukwana lokuhlola.
Ngokungafani nengxenye yokuqala (umsindo), noma kunjalo, uzobe uvula ikhasi kubhukwana lakho lokuhlola ukuze ubone iqoqo lezithombe ezingahambisani ngokuphelele, amagama, nemithetho.
Leli phethini lizoqedwa kuze kube sekupheleni kokuhlolwa, ngesikhathi lapho ungathatha ukujula okukhulu, bese ubuyela ekhaya uphinde ujezise umqashi wakho ekhaleni ukuze akutshele ukuthi ukuhlolwa "kulula." **
(** Ukuziphendulela. Sicela ungacabangi umqashi wakho ekhaleni, njengoba - ezimweni eziningi - lokhu kuzobambezela ukubhaliswa kwakho.)
UGIUJOE, ilungu leforamu, wathatha i-DLAB futhi wabamba 146. Unikeza iseluleko esilandelayo:
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ungakwazi ukufunda i-DLAB. Ngathatha ... ezinye izincwadi ezivela emtatsheni wezincwadi futhi emva kobusuku obuhle bokufunda futhi ngisusa 146. Inkinga yilapho izikhulumi eziningi zesiNgisi zendabuko azi futhi azikhathaleli kakhulu ngohlelo lwesiNgisi. Uma uqonda ngokuqinile uhlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi, ukuthi izenzi zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani, izichazamagama kanye nezimpahla zisebenza kanjani, uzokwenza kahle.
Kumele futhi uvulekele ukulawula leyo mithetho. Uma ngikutshela ukuthi kusukela manje, izichasiselo zilandela amagama, ngakho akusiyo 'inja eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka' kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngikhuluma kaningi kangakanani, 'inja eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.'
Enye ingxenye eqinile yezikhulumi zesiNgisi uma uthola ukucindezeleka ngamazwi. IsiNgisi ngokuvamile sinengcindezi eminingi. Nasi ithiphu elula ukuthola ukucindezeleka. Khumbula esikoleni samabanga aphansi ngenkathi ufunda amamakilaki kanti uthisha ubekugodle edeskini kuwo wonke ama-syllable? Yenza lokho!
Masenze igama elithi 'ukufaneleka.' Yisho izwi bese ungqongqoza edeskini. Kufanele uthole izingqongqo ezintathu: ap-ti-tude. Manje, yenza futhi futhi wenze amandla okushaya wakho ahambisane namandla wezwi lakho. Uzothola ukuthi ukucindezeleka kuwela ku-syllable yokuqala: AP-ti-tude. Yenza lokhu ekuhloleni ngenkathi isikhulumi sikhuluma. Uma ungaphakathi egumbini elinabantu abaningi, ungenzi etafuleni nje ngenxa yezombusazwe. Sebenzisa umlenze wakho.
UFred, omunye umuntu othathe iDLAB, unikeza iseluleko esilandelayo:
I-DLAB ingaphezu kokuqonda kahle ulimi lwesiNgisi. Kubuye kusize uma ungaqonda ulimi lwabanye abantu. Usizo olungcono ukwazi izinhlamvu ezikhulunywa ngezinye izilimi. Kungcono nakakhulu ukwazi ezinye izilimi (isiRashiya, isiGerman, Farsee, njll)
Enye iphuzu lokufunda ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlolwa ukuthi i-oda le-oda yisici esikhulu. Kuyoba khona izingxenye zokuhlolwa lapho zizokuthi kuyoba khona ukuphela kwebizo (imoto (se)) nokuphela kwesimemezelo (izolo (e)) kepha igama kumele lize ngaphambi kwesilengiso futhi kuphela lo myalelo ulungile. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuza ukuhlolwa iphelile futhi ikhululekile.