Amabutho aseMpi asebenempahla ehlukile yokufanisa iminyaka eminingi ukuze enze inzuzo engokwengqondo futhi akhuthaze izinhliziyo zabo, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kwe-berets kuyinto evelele kakhulu.
Ngekhulu le-16 nele-17, i-Blue Bonnet yaba uphawu oluyisisekelo lwebutho laseScottish Jacobite. Ama-alpins e-French Chasseurs, adalwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1880, ayaziwa njengeyunithi yokuqala ejwayelekile yokugqoka i-beret yezempi njengekhanda elijwayelekile.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi i-beret iyathandeka empini njengento efanelwe yilezizinto ezishibhile, ezilula ukwenza ngezinamba ezinkulu futhi zingenziwa ezinhlobonhlobo zembala. Kusukela kumbono wesosha, i-beret ingasungulwa iphinde ifakwe ephaketheni (noma ngaphansi kwe-shirt epaulette) ngaphandle komonakalo, futhi ingagqoke ngenkathi igqoka imisindo yekhanda.
I-berets yamasosha ivame ukuqhutshelwa ilungelo lokukhulula ihlombe eliphethe isibhamu kumasosha amaningi (nakuba amabutho amanye amazwe - ikakhulukazi eYurophu, eNingizimu Melika nase-Iran ashukumise ukuqhuma ngakwesobunxele.
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-beret phakathi kwamabutho aseNtshonalanga akuzange kuqale kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20, lapho ama-tank aseFrance eWimpi Yezwe I egqoke kokubili inguqulo encane yaseBaseque kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, ze-floppier.
Beret umlando
Ngama-1920, ama-tank crew aseBrithani ayenenkinga nge-khagi yabo yokugqoka-yokugqoka. Ikhanda lalifanele ligqoke emuva ukuze lisebenzise izinto zokubamba izibhamu, ngesikhuhlane sibheke phansi ukuze sihlale ekhanda lomkhumbi.
Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kwakungumshini wokubopha uboya obugqamile, ngokushesha waba umshini wama-grease stains ngoba wawunamathele futhi ulungiswe iminwe eboshwe. Futhi-ke, baqala ukufuna enye indlela.
Kwakukhona ngo-1924 lapho amathaya efika ne-beret emnyama, webukhulu ewela phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zesiFulentshi.
I-beret yayiboshwe ngesikhumba esimnyama esinebhebhoni eguquguqukayo egijima ukubopha ngemuva. Futhi noma yikuphi ama-grease stains abe engabonakali oboya abamnyama.
Lapho izikebhe zaseBrithani zenezela isibonakaliso saso sokwazisa "esesabekayo" esasenhla ngakwesokunxele, sinezinhlamvu ezinamahlombe ezisheshayo ngokushesha ezaziwa ngokuthi zihlukile futhi kamuva zakhula zaba uphawu lwama-armored emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuthandwa kwezempi ze-berets kwaphakama phakathi nenkathi yeMpi Yezwe II lapho izinyunithi ezihlukahlukene zaseBrithani zifaka imibala enemibala embalwa - kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-khaki ezinqunywe yi-Special Air Services amabutho kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-maroon ezithwala amandla aseBrithani okuqala, i-Parachute Regiment, waziwa ngokujulile ngokuthi "i-cherry berry."
Igoli liwukuthi umbala wathathwa ngumdwebi wezincwadi uDaphne du Maurier, umkaMa Maj. Gen. Frederick Browning, oyedwa wamaqhawe aseBrithani ahlotshisiwe kakhulu e-World War II.
I-Berets Debut e-US Military
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-beret yanamuhla empini yase-US kwaba ngo-1943, lapho ibutho lempi le-509th Parachute Infantry linikezwa ama-brets a-maroon ngabalingani babo baseBrithani ngenkonzo yabo empini.
Ngo-1951, i-Marine Corps ihlolwe ngama-berets aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa yawaxosha ngoba ayebukeka "angaphandle" futhi "wesifazane."
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-headgear ngamabutho ase-United States kwafika maduzane, lapho inhlangano entsha yezempi eyayiqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlukumezeka kanye nempi ye-counterguerrilla yaqala (ngokungalungile) igqoke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziluhlaza ngo-1953. Kwathatha iminyaka eyisi-8 ukuba i-Special Forces ye-Army - "Berets Green" - ukunqoba imvume kaMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy ukwenza isikhulu sabo sezikhulu, futhi ngo-1961 i-beret eluhlaza ye-US Army Special Forces yamukelwa ngokomthetho.
Ngawo-1970, inqubomgomo yezempi yavumela abaphathi bendawo ukuba bakhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa okuhambisana nokuziphatha okufanayo, nokusetshenziswa kwe-berets. Izisebenzi zokuzivikela e-Fort Knox, Ky., Zazigqoke i-beret yaseBrithani emnyama, kuyilapho amabutho amahhashi ase-United States aseJalimane ayegqoka i-black beret ene-oval ebomvu neyomhlophe.
Amasosha e-82nd Airborne Division e-Fort Bragg, NC, aqala ukugqoka i-beret maroon ngo-1973, ngenkathi eFort Campbell, KY, lo mkhuba waqhuma - nabasebenzi beposi abembethe obomvu, amaphoyisa asezempi abanikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo, futhi i-101st Airborne Division iqala ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka njengombala wabo.
Ku-Ft. URichardson, AK, i-172nd Infantry Brigade waqala ukusebenzisa i-beret eluhlaza okomnqumo.
Ngo-1975, iRangers Airborne yathola imvume kuMphathi wezokuPhepha wezempi ukusebenzisa i-black beret njengenhloko yabo esemthethweni.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, le nto yonke yaphela, ngakho-ke izikhulu zase-Army "zafaka amabhishi" ngo-1979. Ubuholi bezempi babuvumela amaRangers ukuba agcine amabhere abo abamnyama. Ngo-1980, amabutho asezindiza avunyelwe ukuqhubeka agqoke inguqulo ye-maroon. Kodwa zonke izinhlobo ze-beret zaziwa ukuthi azikho imikhawulo.
Eminye yezintandokazi eziphezulu ze-Pacific Stars & Stripes. Sibonga ngokukhethekile ku-MSgt Charlie Heidal we-www.romad.com noLt Col Christopher Campbell ngolwazi mayelana ne-Air Force Black Beret.
Ama-Berets e-Air Force
Ukugqoka ama-berets e-Air Force kwaqala ngawo-1970. Ngo-1979, ababhalisile abasebenzi be- Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) AFSC (umsebenzi) bavunyelwe ukugqoka i-beret emnyama. Ngo-1984, abashayeli ababili bePapa Air Force Base, eNorth Carolina, bathumela umklamo we-flash kanye nomklamo we-crest, owavunyelwa kuwo wonke umuntu ohamba nge-TACP ngo-1985. Abaphathi be-Air Liaison (ALOs) nabo babenemvume yokugqoka i-beret emnyama ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu kusukela kwi-Joint Firepower Control Course, eyenziwa eNellis Air Force Base, eNevada.
Esikhundleni se-crest, zigqoka izikhala zabo eziphezulu kwi-beret. Amahhovisi Okuxhumanisa Abomoya (AMLOs) agunyazwe ukugqoka i-beret emnyama e-Air Force, futhi.
I-Beret Yosuku Lwanamuhla
Lezi zinsuku, i-United States isemkhawulweni ophansi we-spectrum phakathi kwamanye amazwe e-NATO ngokwezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi ezigqoke amabutho abo empi.
Ngenkathi amasosha amaningi ezweni anemibala emine noma emihlanu egunyazwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, iTurkey, iGreece naseLemburg ziye zagunyaza kuphela imibala emithathu yezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zamabutho abo. IBelgium inezinsuku eziyisikhombisa futhi i-United Kingdom inehlukahluka kakhulu neyisishiyagalolunye.
Ngomhlaka-17 Okthoba 2001, uMphathi Wezempi u-Eric Eric Shinseki wamemezela ukuthi i-beret emnyama yayizoba yi-Army headgear ngonyaka olandelayo. Umqondo wawuwukusebenzisa umqondo wokuziqhenya ukuthi i-beret yayisime isikhathi eside emaRangers ukukhuthaza isimo sengqondo esihle kakhulu kulo lonke i-Army njengoba liqhubekela phambili kanye nomzamo walo wokushintsha ushintsho ekukhanyeni, okungaxhunywanga kakhulu, amandla amakhulu kakhulu.
Nokho, lesi sinqumo sasiqede isibhamu emzileni womphakathi we-Ranger kanye nakweminye imikhumbi ekhethekile yezempi, i-Special Forces kanye ne-airborne.
Ngo-2002, i-Army yenza i-beret-color beret i-beret esemthethweni ye-US Army Rangers, futhi onke amasosha aseMpi aqala ukugqoka i-beret emnyama.
NgoJuni 2011, uNobhala wezokuPhepha uJohn McHugh umemezele ukuthi i-cap yendabuko yayizogqokiswa nomfelandawonye wosizo. Kodwa-ke, i-beret emnyama ingagunyazwa ngeyunifomu yombuso ekuqaphelweni komlawuli kumkhosi okhethekile, kanti i-beret ihlala ingxenyeni ye-Army yokugqoka yemigodi.
I-Army Yamanje Imikhumbi
- Abomnyama - Banjwe yizo zonke ezinye izikhali zezempi ezisezingeni le-Class A ne-Army Service Uniform njengenhloko ejwayelekile.
- I-Maroon - Amayunithi aqokiwe aphethwe umoya (i -maroon beret iyinto ehlelwe yinhlangano, ngakho igqoke yibo bonke amasosha abelwe - abaqeqeshelwe umoya-moya noma cha )
- I-Tan "Ibhakede" - Ijaji le-Ranger lama-75, i-Ranger Training Brigade (ukuhamba kancane)
- AmaGreen - Amaqembu Amandla Akhethekile, uJohn F. Kennedy Isikhungo Esikhethekile Sokulwa Nezikole (Isikhulu, Isikhulu)
Ama-Berets wamanje we-Air Force
- I-Black - Tactical Air Control Party (TACP), Amaphoyisa Axhumanisa I-Air (ALO), kanye Nezikhulu Zokuxhumana Zomoya (AMLO)
- Ama-Maroon - Ama-Rescue Rescue Officers namaPararescuemen (PJs)
- Olubomvu (obomvu) - Abaphathi bezokulwa nabasebenzi beTactics Special
- I-Royal Blue - Izinsizakalo Zokuphepha kanye ne-United States Air Force Academy I-Class-Class Cadets & Basic Cadet Training framework
- Gray - Special Operations Uchwepheshe Wezulu
- Green - Ukusinda, Ukuhlasela, Ukuphikiswa Nokubalekela (SERE) Ochwepheshe
Eminye yezintandokazi eziphezulu ze-Pacific Stars & Stripes. Sibonga ngokukhethekile ku-MSgt Charlie Heidal we-www.romad.com noLt Col Christopher Campbell ngolwazi mayelana ne-Air Force Black Beret.