Umehluko phakathi kobulungiswa bezobugebengu nokulwa nobugebengu
I-Criminology yilokucwaninga ngobugebengu kanye nezimbangela, izindleko, nemiphumela yayo. Ubulungiswa bobugebengu yilona uhlelo lapho kutholakala khona ubugebengu nezigebengu, ukuboshwa, ukuzama nokujeziswa. Abantu abafundela ubulungiswa bezobugebengu empeleni bafunde ngazo zonke izingxenye ezahlukene nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwesistimu.
Izingxenye zesistimu yobulungiswa bobugebengu
Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zakha uhlelo lobulungiswa bobugebengu : ukulandelwa komthetho, izinkantolo, nokulungiswa. Basebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela nokujezisa ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle.
- Ukuqiniswa komthetho: Lo msebenzi mhlawumbe ubonakala kakhulu. Amaphoyisa ajwayelekile ukuxhumana nomuntu oyisigebengu unesimiso sobulungiswa bobugebengu. Amaphoyisa ajikeleza umphakathi ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu, ukuphenya izimo zobugebengu nokubopha abantu abasolwa ngokuzenza ubugebengu. Izigebengu zingena ohlelweni lwekhotho ngemuva kokuboshwa.
- Uhlelo lwezinkantolo : Uhlelo lwenkantolo luqukethe abameli, abahluleli, namajury, kanye nabasebenzi abasizayo. Inecala noma ukungabi namlandu komsolwa kunqunywe enkantolo. Umsolwa, manje ongummangalelwa, unikezwa ithuba lokuzivikela enkantolo njengoba ubufakazi bekhishwa. Khona-ke kungenzeka akhululwe noma atholakale ukuthi wenze ubugebengu obusolwa. Uma itholakale enecala, umsolwa uthola isigwebo noma isijeziso esekelwe ezimisweni ezibekwa yijaji kanye nesimiso. Ummangalelwa uphendulelwa ohlelweni lokulungiswa ngemuva kokugwetshwa.
- Uhlelo lokulungiswa: Uhlelo lokulungisa luhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokugwetshwa nokujeziswa. Ihlanganisa ukuboshwa kanye nokuhlolwa. Inkohlakalo enecala yimibopho yesimiso sokulungisa kuze kufike isigwebo sakhe esigcwele noma sishintshwe.
Umlando wobugebengu nokujeziswa
Uhlelo lwezobulungiswa lobugebengu luvela eRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma nase-England ephakathi, okuyinto yezizathu zokuthi kungani isiLatini sihlala sisisekelo solimi lwezinkantolo. Imiqondo efana nokubuyiselwa nokukhishwa iqhutshwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, nakuba ezinye izijeziso zasendulo ezinjenge-mutilation, ukushayisana nokukhwabanisa ziye zaqedwa ikakhulu emazweni asathuthuka njengoba ukuqonda kwethu nokuqonda ubugebengu sekushintshe.
Ukuboshwa kanye nesistimu yejele yaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-1800. Lapho umphakathi ubona kudingekile ukwehlukanisa isigebengu kubantu ngaphambi kwalokho, wayevame ukuthunjwa futhi ngokuvamile usongelwa ukufa uma ebuyela ekhaya.
Ukuphathwa Kwamanje
Enye intuthuko entsha enobulungiswa bezobugebengu yilapho amaphoyisa amanje. Uma kubhekwe njengesibopho kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wesakhamuzi sonke wesilisa, ukugcina imiphakathi ephephile futhi evikelekile manje sekuyisikhathi sikahulumeni.
Inqubo yobulungiswa bezobugebengu iqhubeka nokuguquka ngomsebenzi wezigebengu zezobugebengu kanye nokuqeqeshwa komthetho njengoba sifuna izindlela zokusiza kangcono izisulu, ubufakazi, umphakathi kanye nabasolwa kanye nezigebengu eziboshwa. Ukutadisha ubulungiswa bobugebengu kusisiza ukuba sifunde izindlela ezingcono zokuxazulula ubugebengu nokuvikela izakhamizi.
Hlola imisebenzi e-Justice Justice
Ubulungiswa bobugebengu bunikeza inamba enkulu yokukhetha imisebenzi. Labo abanentshisekelo yokusebenza ensimini bangathola imisebenzi eminingi ezinkantolo, izilungiso noma izinhlelo zokusebenzisa umthetho.