Izenzo Zokudala
Emiphakathini yasendulo, kwakungekho umsebenzi wezomthetho osebenzayo futhi kancane kakhulu, uma kukhona, ukuzama ukuhlela. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu ngabanye, imindeni, kanye nemindeni bazinikela ekuziphindiseleleni labo abangalimala noma abacasula. Umqondo wokuvimbela ubugebengu wawungekho emlandweni wokuqala wokusetshenziswa komthetho kanye nobugebengu .
I-Military Can and Social Order
Njengoba amasiko nemiphakathi ithuthukile, umsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho waba indima yempi. Embusweni waseRoma, ikakhulukazi, impi yayidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni umyalelo womphakathi. Ngokuqinisekile, kuwo wonke umlando wobukhosi baseRoma kwakukhona izimpikiswano nokuvukela, kodwa basheshe badilizwa.
Ukubona kwama-centurion aseRoma ehambela ezimakethe nasezindaweni ezivamile zamadolobhana kwaba yinto evamile. Ngokungaba khona kwabo, izisebenzi zempi zaseRoma zahamba phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imithetho yalalelwa.
Lo mbono wokuvimbela ubugebengu uzoholela ekubukeni okungaphezulu kwamanje kwezomthetho esikhathini esizayo emlandweni wesintu.
Umgcini we-Bother wami: UClan Control kanye ne-Blood Feuds
Ngemva kokuqedwa koMbuso WaseRoma, umthwalo wokugcina umyalo wabuye wawela iziphathimandla zendawo. E-England, umphakathi ubuyele embonweni wasendulo wokuthi abantu babenesibopho sabo kanye nokuvikelwa kwabo.
Umthetho wesiNgisi wanikeza izifundo ngabanye igunya negunya lokusebenzisa amandla ukuze kugcinwe ukulawulwa. Omakhelwane kulindeleke ukuba basizane. Leli fomu lokulawulwa kwezenhlalakahle lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-Kin Policing " isazi-mlando saseNgisi uCharles Reith ngoba sithembele emcimbini wokuthi imindeni kanye nemindeni babenomthwalo wemisebenzi yamalungu abo. Njengasemiphakathini yasendulo, imindeni yayizoziphindiselela ngenxa yeziphambeko kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwegazi, ngezinye izikhathi kukhishwa yonke imindeni.
UkuPhathwa Komphakathi kanye noFrankpledge
Ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso esivumelanisiwe sokuhleleka kwezenhlalakahle, indlela entsha kwakudingeka ukuba ugcine ukulawula. Ngenxa yalokho, umqondo omusha wobupolisa wakhiwa lapho izakhamizi zendawo zabekwa icala lokuvikela imiphakathi yabo.
Lo mfashini wamaphoyisa omphakathi wawubizwa ngokuthi i- "frankpledge," futhi wadinga bonke abesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 ukujoyina iqembu labamakhelwane abangu-9. Leli qembu le-10 lalibizwa ngokuthi "tything," namalungu ayo afunga ukuthi azobamba futhi agcine noma yiliphi ilungu leqembu noma umndeni owenze ubugebengu. I-"tythingman" ngayinye yayifungelwe ukuvikela izikhonzi ezikanye nabo, futhi inkonzo yayimpoqo futhi ingakhokhelwa.
I-tythings eyishumi yayihlelwe ndawonye ukuze idale "ikhulu," futhi yafakwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-constable.
I-constable yafika imibono yokuqala yesipolisi samanje, njengoba kwaphawula okokuqala umuntu wanikezwa umsebenzi othize, isikhathi esigcwele sokugcina umyalelo.
Zonke izintatheli zesifunda noma i-shire zafakwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-Shire Reeve (u-sheriff), owaqokwa yinkosi, ebeka ukuqala kohlelo lokugcinwa komthetho esikwaziyo namhlanje.
I-Constable System System
Ukuntuleka kokuqondiswa umqhele kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwesistimu ye-frankpledge, futhi ekugcineni kwathathwa indawo ye-system ephathekayo yokulawula i-parish. Ngokungafani ne-frankpledge, abesilisa emaphandleni, noma edolobheni, bakhonza iminyaka engu-1 njenge-constable. Amakhomishana abenomthwalo wokuhlela abalindi basebusuku ukuba bakhonze njengabalindi emasangweni edolobha ebusuku.
Amakhomishoni anikezwe igunya lokukhulisa "i-hue nokukhala," okwakungumkhankaso wokuthatha isinyathelo uma kwenzeka ubugebengu noma ukuphuthumayo.
Ngomsindo we-hue futhi ukhale, bonke abesilisa epherishi kwakudingeka baphonsa lokho abakwenzayo bese beza usizo lwe-constable. I-hue kanye nokukhala kwakuzohamba ukusuka epareni ukuya endaweni yase-shire kuze kube yilapho isigebengu sithathwe noma usizo aludingekile.
Izilinganiso Zokuthula Neziqalo Zokusebenza Kwamanje
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14, amacala okuthula ayekhethwa yinkosi ukuba inikeze ukusekela kuma-reeves kanye nama-constable. Abameli bokuthula babe negunya lokukhipha izimvume futhi babamba izikhalazo zokuhlukunyezwa kwabesolwa abasolwa. Babuye bazama amacala afaka ukungalungi kanye nezinkohlakalo zomphakathi.
Uhlelo olwenziwe kancane kancane lapho ama-shire reeves akhonza khona njengabasizi bezinkantolo zokuthula futhi asebenzisa amakhomishana wendawo ukuba aqondise abalindi, athathe amacala okusolakala ukuthi abezigebengu abe esitokisini futhi asebenze izimvume.
Lolu hlelo lokusetshenziswa komthetho wendawo lwakhonza imiphakathi emincane eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekhulwini le-19 futhi yalethwa namakholoni aseMelika. Kwaze kube yilapho ukuqhuma kwabantu ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 e-United Sates naseBrithani ukuthi kwaba nesidingo esicacile sokuqeqeshwa kwamaphoyisa.
Ufuna ukufunda kabanzi? Funda ngomlando wesimanje wamaphoyisa .