Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, lezo zenzo zadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wemaphoyisa emhlabeni jikelele.
Uhlelo lokuzibusa oluhlelekile olwenziwe ngokuzikhandla lwasebenza kahle kangangekhulu leminyaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziningi ezisemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ngasekupheleni kwe-1700s nasekuqaleni kwe-1800 kwabona ukuqhuma kwabantu emadolobheni amakhulu e-United States nase-England. Izimpikiswano nezinkinga zomphakathi zazivamile, futhi kwacaca nakakhulu ukuthi kunesidingo sokuba nomthetho wokugcina umthetho ozohlala unomphela ozophatha igunya likahulumeni.
Ukuqala Kwezinqubomgomo Zanamuhla
Abafilosofi, izazi zezenhlalo kanye nalabo abasendaweni esanda kuvela yezobugebengu , kubandakanya isazi sefilosofi somthetho uJeremy Bentham kanye nama-acolytes akhe, baqala ukubiza amaphoyisa aphakathi ukuze avikele izakhamuzi futhi alondoloze ukuhleleka. Mhlawumbe ummeli onamandla kunazo zonke wamaphoyisa ayingcweti kwakunguSir Robert Peel, uNgqongqoshe wePhalamende owakhonza njengoNobhala WaseKhaya we-United Kingdom ngawo-1820.
Ngo-1829, i-Peel yasungula iMetropolitan Police Services eLondon. Ngokusungulwa kwamaphoyisa aseLondon, uPelel waqashelwa kabanzi yizigebengu ze-criminologists kanye nezazi-mlando ngokufanayo njengobaba wezopolisi zanamuhla. Amaphoyisa aseBrithani asaziwa ngokuthi "Bobbies" ngokudumisa igama lakhe, uRobert.
Ukuphikiswa Kwamaphoyisa Okuqala Emaphoyiseni
Umqondo wophiko lwamaqembu asemaphandleni, ochwepheshe alubambisene nokuthengiswa kanzima futhi wahlangana nenani elikhulu lokumelana. Abantu babesaba ukuthi amaphoyisa azoziphatha njengenye ingalo yezempi. Njengomphumela, kwaba nokungafuni ukuqondakala ukuvumelanisa ukulawulwa yizinto eziningi ezicatshangelwa ukuthi zizoba namandla amakhulu.
Ukuze kunqobe lokhu kuphikisana, i-Peel yaziwa ngokubeka uhlaka lokuthi yini amaphoyisa okufanele ayenze nokuthi iphoyisa elifanele liziphathe kanjani. Ngenkathi kukhona impikiswano yokuthi ngabe uke wabhala ngokucacile imibono yakhe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwefomethi yohlu, ngokuvamile kuvumelwane ukuthi wadala ukuthi yikuphi okwamanje okubhekwa njengemigomo eyinhloko yamaphoyisa .
Izimiso Zokuphatha: I-Why and How of Policing
"Izimiso Ze-Peelian," njengoba zivame ukubizwa, ziphikelela ukuthi:
- Inhloso yamaphoyisa ukuvimbela ubugebengu nokugcina umyalelo.
- Amaphoyisa ancike ekuvunyweni nasekuthenjweni komphakathi ukuze benze imisebenzi yabo ngokuphumelelayo.
- Umgomo omkhulu wokuphoyisa ukufeza ukuthobela ngokuzithandela nomthetho emphakathini.
- Amaphoyisa kumele agxile emisebenzini yawo futhi anamathele emthethweni, alondoloze ukungakhethi futhi agweme isilingo sokunyanyiswa ngombono womphakathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulawulwa ngokomzimba kufanele kusetshenziswe njengesenzo sokugcina, kuphela uma ezinye izinhlobo zokukholisa zihlulekile.
- Amaphoyisa kumele akhumbule ukuthi nawo angamalungu omphakathi nokuthi injongo yawo ukukhonza nokuvikela umphakathi.
- Isilinganiso sangempela sokusebenza kwamaphoyisa akuyona inombolo yokuboshwa noma izenzo ezenziwa ngamaphoyisa, kodwa ukungabi khona kwecala lobugebengu nokuphula umthetho.
Ukuthola Ukusekela Kahulumeni Amaphoyisa
Imizamo kaPeel yayiphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukwesaba umphakathi nokukhathazeka. Ngaphandle kwemigomo yokuphoyisa, uPelel nabalandeli bakhe bathatha ezinye izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bekukhona ukuhlukana okucacile phakathi kwamaphoyisa ochwepheshe kanye nempi. Amaphoyisa agqoke imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuphambene nokubomvu okwakubomvu kwamabutho ahlomile. Babenqatshelwe ukuthwala izibhamu, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ukuthembela komphakathi kwahlaba umxhwele phezu kwamalungu empi.
I-Police Evolution e-United States
Lo mqondo wamaphoyisa wanamuhla wathola indlela eya e-United States, nakuba ayengasetshenziswanga ngendlela efanayo nanjengaseLondon. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elizayo nangaphezulu, umqondo wemisebenzi yamaphoyisa wavela e-US Izimiso nemibono kaSir. URobert Peel kanye nabalandeli bakhe babechazwa ngokusebenza komthetho emhlabeni jikelele, ngokufaka izikhulu zamaphoyisa kanye nezigebengu zezobugebengu ngokufanayo.
Amathuba Emisebenzi Emisebenzini Yamaphoyisa Yanamuhla
Ngiyabonga ngokuyinhloko emizamweni yamadoda afana noSir Robert Peel, insimu yokulwa nobugebengu isandise kakhulu, ivula indlela yokuvuselela okusha nokuvula amathuba amasha abanikeza umvuzo ekusebenzisweni komthetho kanye nobulungiswa obugebengu .