I-Study of Crime and Causes and Consequences
I-Etymology ye-Criminology
"I-Criminology" itholakala kuma-Latin crimen , okusho ukuthi icala, futhi i- logia yesiGreki elihunyushwe, eliye lachaza "ukutadisha," ngakho-ke ucwaningo lobugebengu.
Kuyini i-Criminology?
I-Criminology iyigatsha lezenhlalakahle futhi empeleni liye lafundiswa ngandlela-thile ngezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Sekuyisikhathi eside nje, ukuthi sekuye kwaqalwa njengesiyalo sesayensi ngokwayo.
- Funda kabanzi mayelana nomlando wokuqala nesimanje wezobugebengu
I-Criminologists
Ama-Criminologists abheka ububanzi obuningi bezindaba ezihlobene nobugebengu. Bazinikele ekutadisheni kuphela izimbangela zobugebengu kodwa nomthelela womphakathi kanye.
- Funda kabanzi mayelana nomsebenzi we-criminologist
Empeleni, izigebengu ze-criminologists zibuka zonke izici ezicatshangelwayo zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa impikiswano yobugebengu kubantu abahlukunyezwa ngabanye kanye nemindeni yabo, umphakathi jikelele, ngisho nezigebengu ngokwazo. Ezinye zezindawo ezithile ezibhekiswe kwezobugebengu zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphindaphinda kobugebengu
- Indawo yobugebengu
- Izimbangela zobugebengu
- Izinhlobo zobugebengu
- Imiphumela yomphakathi kanye nomuntu ngobugebengu
- Ukusabela komphakathi ebugebengu
- Ukusabela komuntu ngamunye ebugebengu
- Ukusabela kukahulumeni ebugebengu
Izikole Zengqondo Ngaphakathi Kwe-Criminology
Umgomo wokuphela wezobugebengu, yiqiniso, ukucacisa izimbangela zokuziphatha zobugebengu nokuthuthukisa izindlela eziphumelelayo nezindlela zokuzivimbela. Iholele ezikoleni eziningana zokucabanga ngaphakathi kwesiyalo, ngasinye esibheka izici ezihlukahlukene ezihilelekile ekuziphatheni okungahambi kahle futhi ngasinye sifinyelele eziphethweni ezihlukene mayelana nendlela engcono yokubhekana nalezi zinkinga.
Izikole ezintathu eziyinhloko zomcabango ngaphakathi kwezobugebengu ziyiSikole SaseClassic, iSikole SasePostitivist, neSikoleni SeChicago.
School Classical
I-Classical School yezobugebengu, ephikisana nommeli wase-Italy uCesare Beccaria, ihlanganisa imibono kanye nemibono yobugebengu esekelwe kule mibono emine eyisisekelo:
- Abantu banenkululeko yokuzikhethela nokwenza ngokuzithandela;
- Ngokuvamile abantu bazofuna injabulo futhi bagweme ubuhlungu, futhi bazobala izindleko ngokuhambisana nenzuzo uma bekhetha ukwenza isenzo;
- Isijeziso singasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ubugebengu, futhi ukuqina kwesijeziso kufanele kube ngokulingana nobugebengu ngokwayo;
- Ukushesha nokuqiniseka kwesijeziso kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu.
School Positivist
Isikole se-Positivist sikhombisa ukuthi kunezinye izici ezisebenza ngokuziphatha okungahambi kahle ngaphandle kokuzijabulisa okulula nokufuna ukugwema ubuhlungu. I-Positivism idinga izinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi okungenzeka zingaphezu kokulawula komuntu ngamunye. Kufaka izimbangela zezinto eziphilayo, ezengqondo, ezenhlalakahle nezemvelo.
Isikole se-positivist sasiqala ukusebenzisa indlela yesayense ekufundeni ukuziphatha komuntu. Yasiza ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezobugebengu njengesiyalo esamukelekayo nesenhlonipho sesayensi.
Nokho, omunye wabashushisi bokuqala nezokuziwayo owaziwa kakhulu nge-positivist, uCesare Lombroso, wabheka izici zezinto eziphilayo ezenza izigebengu ezifana nokuma kwe-skulls zazo nokuphakama kwama-cheekbones azo ukukhombisa ukuthi i-biology ingabangela ukuba abantu abathile bathambekele ekuziphatheni ngobugebengu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside kukhishwa, kepha inkolelo yesikole esiphezulu sokuthi ukuhlolwa kobugebengu kumele kuhlanganise indawo lapho ubugebengu buvele khona bufanelekile.
Chicago School
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ecological School, iSikole saseChicago saqala ukuqala phakathi nawo-1920 emnyangweni wezenhlalakahle e-University of Chicago. Lesi sikole somcabango sathuthukisa umqondo wokuthi ukuziphatha komuntu kwaba, okungenani kancane, okwenziwe isakhiwo senhlalo. Kucatshangelwa izici ezingokwengqondo nezemvelo ekufuneni ukuthola izimbangela zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle.
I-Chicago School iphawula ukuthi abantu bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo yabo. Isimo sezenhlalakahle esiyingozi, njengobumpofu emphakathini, isibonelo, siholela ekwehleni kwesakhiwo somphakathi. Lezi zimo zombili zivimbela ikhono lomphakathi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nobugebengu obuphumela futhi lukhuthaza ukuziphatha okubi emphakathini oqhuba ubugebengu ngaphakathi kuwo
I-Criminology Ithuthukisa Inhlangano
Insimu yokulwa nobugebengu iholele ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwethu lobulungiswa bezobugebengu , kubandakanya ukusabela kwethu ebugebengu kanye nokuphathwa kwethu kokubili izisulu kanye nezigebengu. Iqhubeka isisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono izindleko zangempela zobugebengu kubo bonke abathintekayo kanye nomphakathi wonkana.
I-Criminology iholele ezindaweni ezikhethekile kakhulu zokutadisha, kuhlanganise nobugebengu bezemvelo . Kuphinde kwaletha ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu namaphoyisa, ezinye zazo azihambisani nabanye, njengokuthi "amafasitela ephukile", ukuphoyisa kwamaphoyisa kanye nokuphoqelela kwamaphoyisa.
Imisebenzi e-Criminology
Imisebenzi yezobugebengu iningi futhi iningi. Ukuthola i-degree ensimini kungavulwa iminyango ekufuneni izifundo noma izifundo eziphambili ezindaweni ezifana ne- psychology forensic , noma ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile somsebenzi wezobulungiswa obugebengu . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, ukulwa nobugebengu kungaba yinsimu ethakazelisayo nenomvuzo.