Thola Incazelo Yobunikazi, Inkokhelo Nokuningi Kulo Phrofayela Yomsebenzi
Imisebenzi
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zingagxila ezindaweni eziningi emkhakheni, futhi imisebenzi ethile ingashintsha kabanzi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomsebenzi we-geneticist luhlobo luni.
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zingase zibe nesibopho sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuzala ezikhethiwe, ukutadisha nokuhlaziya i-pedigrees, ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwezofuzo noma ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, ukuthuthukisa amasu okuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwezici ezifiselekayo (njengokunyuka ukhiqizwa ubisi ezinkomeni zobisi noma isisindo esiphakeme sezinkomo ezinkomo), ukufunda inani lezakhi zofuzo, nokubala imithombo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zivame ukusebenza endaweni yokubhubhisa njengoba ziqhuba ucwaningo lwabo, nakuba abanye bengase bahambe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza izilwane ukuze bahlole futhi bahlole isitifiketi sokuzalanisa umuntu. Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zisebenzisa imishini yelabhorethri, isithwebuli se-DNA, nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ze-software ze-software ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwabo nokuhlaziya idatha eqoqwe.
Izinketho zemisebenzi
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zingathola umsebenzi nabaqashi abahlukahlukene njengezikhungo zokukhiqizwa kwezilwane , izinkampani zemithi, izinkampani zangasese, izinkampani zocwaningo, ama-zoos, ama- hatcheries , uhulumeni wesifundazwe, noma amakholeji namayunivesithi.
Amaphesenti amakhulu ezakhi zofuzo ezithinta izilwane zigxile ekusebenzeni ngezinhlobo zemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo nezinkukhu, kodwa ezinye ziphinde zisebenze nezinhlobo zasendle nezilwane zasendle. Umkhakha we-aquaculture ungumthombo oqinile kakhulu wemisebenzi yezakhi zofuzo zezilwane njengoba uqhubeka nokukhombisa ukukhula okuqhuma.
Imfundo Nokuqeqesha
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuba isifo sezofuzo sezilwane kuhilela ukuqedwa kwezinga le-bachelor in genetics noma insimu ehlobene eduze nesayensi yesilwane , isayensi yobisi, i-biology, i-biology yokulondoloza, noma indawo efanayo . I-coursework ewusizo ihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo, ukukhiqiza, isayensi ye-laboratory, ukukhiqiza imfuyo, i-biology, i-chemistry kanye nezibalo.
Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, i-geneticist efuna ukuvame ukulandela i-graduate degree (i-master's or doctorate) egxila endaweni ethile enentshisekelo. Izifundo zezinga lesikoleni esiphakeme ngokuvamile zibandakanya izifundo zezinga eliphakeme, ucwaningo lwama-laboratory, nokushicilelwa kwengqikithi yocwaningo lwesayensi. Iziqu eziqeshwe iziqu ngokuvamile zidinga izikhundla eziningi emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo futhi ziphoqelelwe izikhundla e-academia noma ucwaningo lwezinga eliphezulu.
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane kufanele zibe nesizinda esinamandla ekusebenzeni ngamakhompiyutha kanye nemishini yokuhlola, njengoba lawa mathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukucwaninga ngezifuzo.
Umholo
I-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) ayihlukanisi idatha yehora yezakhi zofuzo zezilwane, kodwa ihlanganisa nabo njengengxenye yezigaba ezijwayelekile zesosayensi zesilwane noma ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo.
Ngokusho kolwazi lwamuva oluqoqwe umcwaningi wemiholo ye-BLS, umholo wonyaka waminyaka yonke kubo bonke ososayensi bezilwane kwakungu-$ 61,110 ngo-Meyi ka-2014. Abaphansi kakhulu bakhokhela amaphesenti angu-10 kubo bonke ososayensi besilwane bazuze ngaphansi kuka-$ 37,430 ngonyaka, kanti amaphesenti ayishumi ngaphezulu ososayensi bezilwane bathola okungaphezu kwezingu-$ 124,760 ngonyaka. I-BLS iveza umholo wonyaka waminyaka yonke olinganiselwa ku-$ 74,720 wezinkulungwane ze-biological, kanye nemali engenayo ephuma ngaphansi kwama-$ 42,480 ngamaphesenti angu-10 aphansi emkhakheni ongaphezu kuka-$ 115,260 ngamaphesenti angu-10 ensimini.
I-BLS ibika ukuthi izimboni ezikhokhelwayo eziphezulu ezenzelwe ososayensi bezilwane ngemali efakazelayo zibandakanya ukubonisana ($ 103,420), uhulumeni wesifundazwe ($ 101,920 ngonyaka), ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ($ 86,920 ngonyaka), ucwaningo ($ 84,260 ngonyaka) nohulumeni wesifunda ($ 77,870) ngamunye ngonyaka. Ososayensi bezilwane ababandakanyeka emisebenzini yezemfundo bathola umholo wonyaka wengu- $ 57,120.
I-Outlook Outlook
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-BLS, amathuba okusebenza emkhakheni wezilwane ososayensi kanye nabanye ososayensi bezolimo bazoqhubeka bekhula ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-13 ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2020. Lokhu kukhula kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinga eliphakeme lokukhula kwabo bonke izikhundla ezihlolwe ekuhlolweni kwe-BLS. Ukusebenza kwesigaba sabo bonke ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo kulindeleke ukuba sikhule ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sezingamaphesenti angu-21 esikhathini esifanayo, esiphezulu kakhulu kunezinga lazo zonke izikhundla.
Ukukhula komsebenzi wezilwane kufanele kuwele endaweni ethile kulezi zinsimu ezimbili.
Izakhi zofuzo zezilwane ezineziqu zezinga eliphezulu zizoqhubeka ziningi amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni ngenxa yemfundo ephakeme nesipiliyoni; izikhundla zezakhi zofuzo ezineziqu ze-undergraduate zizoqhubeka zilukhuni ukuthola. Abafundi bezakhi zofuzo bayakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba baphishekele izinga lokuqeqesha kulo mkhakha ukuze baqinisekise amathemba angcono kakhulu. Ukukhula kwamathuba emisebenzi yezofuzo zezilwane kufanele kufane ngokucacile ukukhula komkhakha we-biotechnology.