Le mithetho ikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingane aziwenzi umsebenzi onobungozi noma obubi empilweni yabo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugxila kwezingane kusele emfundweni.
Thola kabanzi mayelana nemithetho ebalulekile yomsebenzi wezingane, enquma ukuthi ingane ingathola yini umsebenzi, yiziphi izinhlobo zemisebenzi ezivunyelwe, nokuthi yimaphi amaphepha okudingekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, thola ulwazi lapho intsha ingathola khona izikhundla zabo zokukhokha zokuqala.
Umthetho Wezabasebenzi Wezingane: Izithibelo zeminyaka
Ubudala budlala indima enkulu emithethweni yomsebenzi wezingane: ngenkathi izingane ezindala zingasebenza amahora angenamkhawulo emisebenzini enqunyelwe ukuphepha, izingane ezincane zingasebenza kuphela emisebenzini ethile, futhi zibe namahora athile.
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izingane kumele okungenani zibe neminyaka eyishumi nane ubudala ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi ongewona wezolimo. Iningi lalemithetho lenziwa ngumthetho wesifundazwe okuthiwa i- Fair Labor Standards Act . Kodwa-ke, phawula ukuthi ezinye zezimiso zalo mithetho zingahluka kusuka kuhulumeni kuya kuhulumeni. Bheka umnyango wezisebenzi wombuso ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, kanye noMnyango Wezisebenzi wase-United States.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala
Ngokuvamile, izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-14 ubudala azikwazi ukuqashwa kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi engeyona yezolimo. Noma kunjalo, kunemisebenzi embalwa ukuthi izingane zanoma yimuphi ubudala zivunyelwe ukuzenza. Isibonelo, abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 bangaqashwa njengabalingisi noma abadlali, bangakwazi ukuhambisa amaphephandaba, futhi bangakwazi ukuzitholela ngokuzenzekelayo.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 zingasebenza nasemisebenzini yezolimo noma zisebenze kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi labazali bazo, uma nje umsebenzi ungabungozi.
Iminyaka engu-14 noma engu-15 ubudala
Abadala abaneminyaka engu-14 no-15 bayavunyelwa ukusebenza, kodwa kunemingcele yezinhlobo zemisebenzi abangayithola, namahora angasebenza. Phakathi nonyaka wesikole, amahora abo anqunyelwe emahoreni amathathu ngosuku lwesikole namahora angu-18 ngesonto.
Ezinsukwini lapho kungekho esikoleni futhi ehlobo, amahora okusebenza angakhula amahora angu-8 ngosuku kanye namahora angu-40 ngesonto.
Kunemingcele lapho abantu abaneminyaka engu-14 no-15 bengasebenza, futhi. Bangasebenza kuphela phakathi kuka-7 ekuseni no-7 ntambama phakathi nonyaka wesikole, futhi phakathi kuka-7 ekuseni no-9 ntambama ehlobo (phakathi kuka-Juni 1 no-Day Labor).
Abaneminyaka engu-14 no-15 bangasebenza kuphela ngezinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi. Isibonelo, bangaqashwa emisebenzini yokuthengisa, imisebenzi yokufundisa nokufundisa, imilayezo noma imisebenzi yokudiliva, nokuningi. Awukwazi ukwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi ebhekwa njengengozi.
Iminyaka engu-16 noma engu-17 ubudala
Abantu abaneminyaka engu-16 no-17 bangase baqashwe amahora angenamkhawulo kunoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ngaphandle kwalabo abamemezela ukuthi bayingozi ngenxa kahulumeni wesifundazwe. Umgomo ngemuva kwalokhu kuvinjelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane azifakwa kunoma iyiphi ingozi emsebenzini.
Ezinye imisebenzi ezikuhlu oluvinjelwe ziyimayini, ukuthungwa, kanye nokulwa komlilo wehlathi. Kukhona nemikhawulo ezinhlotsheni zemishini yabantwana kule nkathi yobudala evunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kokudla, abaneminyaka engu-16 no-17 ubudala abakwazi ukusebenzisa imishini yokucubungula inyama (izinsimbi zenyama, ama-saws, imishini yokwenza ama-patty, ama-grinders, noma ama-choppers), ama mixers ezentengiselwano, noma imishini ethile yokubhekwa ngamandla .
Iminyaka eyi-18 ubudala
Lapho esemusha efinyelela eminyakeni engu-18 ubudala, akasekho ngaphansi komsebenzi osemusha wokuqashwa kwentsha kanye nemithetho yomsebenzi wezingane.
Ngokomthetho wezabasebenzi, uneminyaka engu-18 ubudala uthathwa njengomuntu omdala. Ngakho-ke, ukhululekile ukusebenza noma yikuphi amahora nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezomthetho. Nansi ulwazi oluthe xaxa kumahora amasha avunyelwe ngokomthetho ukusebenza .
Imisebenzi ekhishwe eMithethweni Yomthetho Wezabasebenzi Yabantwana
Ngokuvamile, izingane zanoma yimuphi ubudala zivunyelwe ukusebenza emabhizinisini aphethwe abazali bazo. Bangasebenzisa le misebenzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku nganoma iyiphi inombolo yamahora. Kodwa-ke, labo abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 abakwazi ukuqashwa emayini noma ekukhiqizeni, futhi akekho ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 angaqashwa kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi uNobhala Wezabasebenzi abike ukuthi uyingozi. Futhi, labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 abakwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi samahora.
Izingane zingasebenza nanoma yisiphi isikhathi emisebenzini yezolimo.
Futhi, uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, awukwazi ukusebenza phakathi namahora esikoleni, futhi awukwazi ukusebenza imisebenzi ethile ebhekwa imisebenzi eyingozi yezolimo. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuphatha iziqhumane, ukuphatha amakhemikhali athile, ukusebenzisa amathrekhi athile, nokuningi.
Kuneminye imisebenzi izingane zanoma yimuphi ubudala ezivunyelwe ukwenza. Isibonelo, izingane zanoma yiliphi iminyaka zingahambisa amaphephandaba noma zisebenze ekhaya zenza izigqoko ezivuthiwe. Bangasebenza futhi njengabadlali noma abadlali kumafilimu, yaseshashalazini, emsakazweni, noma kuthelevishini.
Zikhona ezinye ukukhululwa, ngakho-ke, hlola ukuxoshwa kwe-DOL emithethweni ye-Child Labor Law ohlwini olugcwele.
Umholo Omncane Omncane
Umthetho wase-Federal uvumela abaqashi ukuba bakhokhe abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala umholo ophansi ($ 4.25) isikhathi esilinganiselwe (izinsuku ezingu-90 ezilandelanayo zesikhalenda, hhayi izinsuku zokusebenza) emva kokuqala ukusebenza.
Noma yiliphi izinga lokukhokhwa ngaphezulu kweholo lika-$ 4.25 elincane lentsha ngehora kungakhokhwa abasebenzi abafanelekile ngalolu suku lwezinsuku ezingu-90. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-90, isisebenzi kumele sithole okungenani umholo omncane wesifundazwe . Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umsebenzi umntwana ayenayo kuze kube yilapho ejika 20. Akusebenzi nje kuphela emsebenzini wakhe wokuqala.
Amaphepha okusebenza (Izisebenzi noma izitifiketi zobudala)
Kwamanye amazwe, abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili bangadinga ukuthola amaphepha okusebenza (okubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi Ukuqashwa noma Izitifiketi Zomdala) ukuze ngokomthetho bakwazi ukusebenza.
Ifomu lingase litholakale esikoleni. Uma kungenjalo, abasebenzi bezingane bangathola eyodwa emnyangweni wezabasebenzi wombuso. Hlola uphinde ubone ukuthi yiziphi iziqondiso ezisebenza kuwe .
Uma udinga isitifiketi, futhi itholakala esikoleni sakho, hlola nomeluleki wakho wokuqondisa noma ihhovisi leseluleko. Uma isitifiketi sitholakala emnyangweni wezabasebenzi wombuso, hlola nomnyango wesifundazwe womsebenzi.
Amathiphu Wokuthola Imisebenzi
Ungumuntu osemusha ofuna umsebenzi? Mhlawumbe ufuna umsebenzi wehlobo , noma i- internship yakho yokuqala. Nazi ezinye amathiphu ukukusiza ukuthi uqhubeke nokuseshwa komsebenzi wakho. Bese uqale usesho lwakho lomsebenzi oluku-intanethi ngokuvakashela amasayithi agxile ezinganeni kanye nabafundi. Nawa amasayithi omsebenzi amahle kunazo zonke , kanye namathiphu okuwaseshela.
Funda lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokugcwalisa isicelo sakho sokuqala somsebenzi nokubhala kabusha ukuqala kwakho . Futhi funda lapha ukuze uthole amathiphu ekucubunguleni ingxoxo yakho .