Sibutsetelo
I-ADS-B yisisekelo se-FAA's Next Generation Transportation System (NextGen). Yenzelwe ukusiza ukuguqula uhlelo lwe- airspace yesizwe libe lusebenza kahle kakhulu. Uhlelo lwezokuthutha emoyeni luzohlela uhlelo lwesimanje oluningi kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-NextGen, futhi i-ADS-B iyinhloko eyinhloko.
Indima eyinhloko ye-ADS-B ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluqondile lwendawo yezindiza kubalawuli bezithuthi zomoya.
Isinyathelo esingenhla ku-RADAR, esesetshenziswa iminyaka.
I-ADS-B imele i-Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Isebenzisa izibonakaliso ze-satellite zedijithali ukuze zisakaze ulwazi lwezindiza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ziqondise abalawuli bezithuthi kanye nezinye izindiza ezihlanganyele. I-ADS-B iyisistimu yokubhekwa enembile kunazo zonke imboni yezindiza eke yabona. Kuzokwenza izindiza zikwazi ukuhamba ngemigwaqo eqondile, ukunciphisa ukuxubana, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokugcina isikhathi sokusebenza nemali.
Izingxenye
I-GNSS Satellite Constellation: ADS-B yisistimu esekelwe satellites. Idatha ithunyelwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela kuseti yama-satellites kumadivayisi we-GPS asebhodi, lapho ihunyushwa khona bese ithunyelwa eziteshini ze-ADS-B.
Iziteshi Eziphansi: Kuzobe okungenani iziteshi ezingu-700 zomhlaba e-United States ezithola idatha yesathelayithi futhi zithumele idatha eziteshini zokulawula izithuthi zomoya.
I-IFR eqinisekisiwe, isamukeli se-GPS esinikezwe i- WAAS : I-Aircraft kufanele ifakwe isamukeli se GPS esivumelanayo se-ADS-B ukusebenza.
- I-1090 MHz Extended Squitter isixhumanisi ne-S S transponder Noma i-978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAS) ukuze isetshenziswe nge-transponder ekhona: Indlela yokugcina iyatholakala ngezindiza ezindiza ngaphansi kwezinyawo ezingu-18,000 e-United States.
Isebenza kanjani
I-ADS-B isebenza ngokusebenzisa amasignali ama-satellites nezinhlelo zezindiza ze-avionics ukuhumusha idatha yezindiza futhi zisakaze kubalawuli bezithuthi zezindiza ngezikhathi eziqhubekayo futhi cishe esikhathini sangempela.
Izimpawu zesathelayithi zihunyushwa yisamukeli se-GPS. I-ADS-B itheknoloji ithatha idatha yesathelayithi nedatha eyengeziwe kusuka ezindizeni ze-avionics ukudala isithombe esinembile sendawo yendiza, isivinini, ukuphakama, kanye neminye imingcele engaphezu kuka-40. Le datha idluliselwa esiteshini samanzi bese kubaqondisi bezithuthi zomoya. Ezinye izindiza ezihlomele kahle kule ndawo zizophinde zithole idatha, ukukhushulwa kwezemvelo kwabashayeli bezindiza.
Kunemisebenzi emibili ehlukene ye-ADS-B: ADS-B In no-ADS-B Out.
- I-ADS-B Out yiyona umsebenzi wokuqala kanye oyinhloko ukuthi i-FAA iphendule. Indiza enekhono le-ADS-B Out inamandla okusakaza isikhundla sayo, isivinini kanye nokuphakama kwabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya kanye nezinye izindiza ezihlomile ze-ADS-B. Ngokusho komthetho we-FAA, zonke izindiza ezifuna ukuhamba emoyeni endaweni okwamanje zidinga i-transponder kumele ifakwe amandla we-ADS-B Out ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 2020.
- I-ADS-B In Insizakalo isaba amandla okuzikhethela - okungenani okwamanje. I-ADS-B Inamandla azovumela izindiza ukuthi zithole ulwazi lomgwaqo nolwazi sezulu ngesikhathi sangempela esibonini sezindiza. I-ADS-B In umsebenzi iya ngaphezu nangaphezulu kwezinhlelo zethrafikhi zanamuhla (njenge-TCAS) njengoba inikeza idatha ecacile kakhulu nemingcele yemininingwane eminingi kunezinqubo zamanje ze-TCAS ezenzayo. Isibonelo, i-TCAS ingabonisa ibanga eliqondile ukusuka ezindizeni kodwa hhayi nge-lateral. I-ADS-B In izobonisa isivinini, izindawo, ukuphakama kanye nemikhakha yezinye izindiza ezihlanganyele, kanye nezinye izingcezu zedatha.
Amaphutha nokulinganiselwa
Njengamanje, umkhawulo omkhulu we-ADS-B yizindleko zokufaka imishini edingekayo cishe kuzo zonke izindiza ezweni. Ngenkathi loluhlelo lwenza izindiza eziphephile nezinyathelo eziphumelelayo, iminyango eminingi yezindiza kanye nabaqhubi bezindiza abanzile banenkinga enzima yokuqinisekisa izindleko.
I-ADS-B inamaphutha ambalwa kakhulu wesistimu; Ngokuphambene nalokho, yaziwa ngokuthembeka kwayo. Nokho, uhlelo olwenziwe ngabantu alubuwula, kanti ezinye izazi zithi i-ADS-B (ne-GPS ngokujwayelekile) isengozini yokuhlaselwa kwengqalasizinda yesistimu njengabaduni noma i-GPS yokuhlehla. Ukwengeza, kusukela i-ADS-B ixhomeke ohlelweni lwe-GNSS, amaphutha avamile we-satellite njengamaphutha okufika ngesikhathi kanye namaphutha wezulu we-satellite angathinta i-ADS-B.
Isimo samanje
Ngokusho kwe-FAA, inhlangano igcwalise zonke izinzwa ze-ADS-B zenethiwekhi.
Lezi ziteshi zinikeza izinsizakalo zesimo sezulu kanye nokwaziswa kwethrafikhi ku-ADS-B ezindiza ezifanele ezinqabeni ezingu-28 ze-TRACON. Kulezi zakhiwo ezingu-230 ze-ATC, abangaphezu kuka-100 okwamanje basebenzisa i-ADS-B, okunye okulindeleke ukuthi kuhlonywe ngokugcwele ngo-2019. I-FAA inomthetho wayo wokuthi zonke izindiza ezisebenza endaweni ekhethiwe ye-airspace kumele zibe yi-ADS-B Out ehlonywe ngoJanuwari 1, 2020 .
Ukusetshenziswa Okuwusizo
Kukhona ukungaqiniseki okugxile ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemishini edingekayo ezindiza ezahlukene kanye nabaqhubi. Ukufakwa kwemishini kuhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwendiza noma imishini ekhona manje.
Isixhumanisi se-U8 se-978 MHz, isibonelo, sizoluthola ukuba indiza ene-GPS ye-WAAS-enabled, i-IFR kanye ne-Mode C transponder kakade ifakiwe, ngaphandle uma opharetha angathanda ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States noma ngaphezu kwezinyawo ezingu-18,000, okuyinto okumele kudingeke ukuthi kuhlanganiswe isixhumanisi se-1090 MHz ES. Kodwa isixhumanisi se-1090 MHz ES asihambisani ne-TIS-B noma i-FIS-B, okusho ukuthi opharetha kuzodingeka athole enye indlela yokuthola ulwazi lomgwaqo (njenge-TCAS).
Futhi u-opharetha ongenayo i-GPS ye-GPS ye-WAAS endizeni yakhe kuyodingeka athenge isakhiwo se-GPS esisha kanye ne-978 MHz UAS noma 1090 MHz ES isixhumanisi futhi mhlawumbe i-Mode C noma i-Transponder ye-Mode S.
Uma isetshenziswa, i-ADS-B iyithuluzi eliwusizo, inikeza idatha enembile kakhulu kulabaphathi bezithuthi zomoya kanye nabashayeli bezindiza esake sabona. Uma kusetshenziswa wonke amazwe izinzuzo zilungile.
Nokho, akukho ukuphikisana, ukuthi i-ADS-B ibiza kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. I-FAA ithemba ukuthi izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zizodlula izindleko, kodwa lo msebenzi ushiya abanikazi bezindiza esimweni esinzima.