Okushiwo yiziNjiniyela Zomphakathi
Abakhiqizi bezobunjiniyela baklama futhi baqondise ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu yomsebenzi kahulumeni njengezakhiwo, imigwaqo, izikhumulo zezindiza, amabhuloho namadamu.
Bangasebenzela inhlangano kahulumeni noma embonini yangasese ephikisana nezinkontileka zikahulumeni. Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaphrojekthi injini yomphakathi engayenza, iningi layo lihlose uhlobo lwephrojekthi noma igatsha lochwepheshe njengobunjiniyela bokuhamba, ubunjiniyela bokusebenza noma ubunjiniyela be-geotechnical.
Umsebenzi omningi wenziwa ehhovisi, kodwa ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle baya emasiteshini amaphrojekthi ukuqapha ukwakhiwa. Baqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi ahamba ngokusho kwepulani futhi aphendule noma yikuphi imibuzo yokuqokwa kwama-superintendents akhulisa.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle bakhuluma ngemiklamo ebhodini elibusayo kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Babuye babhale imibhalo mayelana nephrojekthi njengempendulo yezicelo zeziphakamiso, izibuyekezo zesimo, nemibiko yobuchwepheshe. Abanjiniyela bomkhakha wangasese basebenzisana eduze nabaphathi bezinkontileka zikahulumeni.
Ngaphandle kwezinga leyunivesithi kwezobunjiniyela bomphakathi noma enye yezinto ezikhethekile, onjiniyela bomphakathi abashayela izinhlelo zeprojekthi noma abaqondisa ezinye izinjiniyela zomphakathi kumele banikezwe ilayisensi ngokuvumelana nemithetho enqunywe uhulumeni kahulumeni.
Izinqubo zokulayisensi zihlanganisa izivivinyo eziningana futhi zidinga iminyaka yokusebenza komsebenzi. Ekugcineni, onjiniyela bomthetho abanelayisense bathola ukukhishwa kwe-engineer (noma i-PE).
Izimpawu zabanjiniyela bezenhlalakahle
Ubuchwepheshe bombuso kudinga isethi ebanzi. Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu ekuphumeleleni ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi.
Amanye amacebo angadonselwa ekuhlukaniseni okulinganiselwe, kodwa ukuletha izinhlelo zokuphila kudinga iqembu, futhi unjiniyela womphakathi ungumholi weqembu elinjalo. Lapho umsebenzi womuntu ngamunye weqembu uhlangana nabanye, unjiniyela wezenhlalakahle uqinisekisa ukuthi konke kufanelana ndawonye. Wonke amakhono okumele alethwe kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi kumele afakwe emisebenzini yomphakathi yomsebenzi. Abanjiniyela bezenhlalakahle babamba abanye ukuthi baphendule ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umsebenzi womphakathi uphothuliwe ngesikhathi, ngesabelomali kuze kufike ekulindelweni kwekhwalithi.
Abanikazi bezenhlalakahle bangama-solvers amahle. Lapho izinhlelo ezibhalwe phansi zingavumelani nangokoqobo, onjiniyela bomhlaba bahlela izixazululo ezihlala ngaphakathi kohlaka lomsebenzi. Baphendula imibuzo mayelana nale phrojekthi lapho labo abaqhuba izingxenye zephrojekthi badinga ukucaciswa.
Ukufaneleka kwezibalo eziphambili kubalulekile ekubunjeni komphakathi. I-geometry kanye nokubala kuyisidingo esicacile. Yiqiniso, izinhlelo zekhompiyutha zingakwazi ukuxazulula ukulingana ezindabeni zama-millisecond, kodwa ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle kumele bazi ukuthi lezi zibalo zisho ukuthini futhi zizisebenzise ezinhlelweni. Abantu abangaphandle kweqembu eliyinhloko elisebenza emisebenzini yomphakathi abasiqondi lezi zindawo zezibalo ezingeni labanjiniyela bomphakathi, kodwa labo abenza izinqumo mayelana nomqondisi wephrojekthi yomphakathi baqonda izibalo zebhizinisi.
Abanikazi bezombusazwe bahlinzekela izilinganiso zezindleko futhi bahlele amabhajethi. Badinga ukuthenga ngaphakathi kubanikezi izinqumo ezihlangothini lwemali ukuze bakwazi ukubeka amakhono abo wejometri namakhono wokubala ukuze basebenzise ngokuphumelelayo.
Imiklamo kaningi inezinhlaka eziningi zikahulumeni ezihilelekile. Ukusebenza emgwaqeni omkhulu ongaphakathi kungahlanganisa izinhlangano ezihulumeni, zombuso nohulumeni basekhaya. Kweminye imiklamo, inhlangano engaphezu kweyodwa kahulumeni inikeza ukwesekwa kwezezimali. Izikhulu ezikhethiweyo nabaphathi bomphakathi zikhokha kakhulu amaphrojekthi abo asetshenziselwa ngokwezimali kunokuba labo abenzeke nje lapho behlala khona. Isibonelo, umkhandlu wedolobha uyazi imiklamo yomgwaqo esifundazweni, kodwa kubandakanyeka emiphakathini yomgwaqo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha.
Umsebenzi
Ngokombiko we-2010 we-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, iningi labanjiniyela bomsebenzi basebenza emkhakheni wangasese.
Amafemu asebenzisa abanikazi bezenhlalakahle bancintisana nezinkontileka zikahulumeni ukuklama, ukwakha noma ukulungisa imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ingxenye enkulu yezinjiniyela zomphakathi isebenza emazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni : 13% kuhulumeni kahulumeni, u-11% ohulumeni basekhaya kanye no-5% kuhulumeni wesifundazwe. Lezi zinjiniyela zomphakathi zenza umsebenzi ofanayo nalawo omboni wangasese, kodwa akudingeki ukuba bancintisane ngebhizinisi. Bakha ukuncintisana ngemisebenzi ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuqashwa kukahulumeni .
Umholo
Izinombolo zishintshashintsha, kodwa ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle bathola cishe umholo olinganiselwa ku-$ 77,560. Abangu-10% abahola kakhulu benza ngaphezulu kuka-$ 119,320. I-10% ephansi yenza okungaphansi kuka-$ 50,560. Kuzo zonke izindawo unjiniyela wezenhlalakahle angasebenza, inzuzo kakhulu kuhulumeni kahulumeni - okungenani ngokubanzi. Umholo wesilinganiso sezinjiniyela zomphakathi kuhulumeni wesifundazwe ngu-$ 89,450. Isilinganiso esijwayelekile sabanjiniyela bomphakathi ohulumeni basekhaya sishaya isilinganiso somsebenzi ngokuncane. Bahola u- $ 80,250 ngokujwayelekile. Isilinganiso esijwayelekile sabanini bomphakathi kuhulumeni kahulumeni singama- $ 74,300.